甲酰胺
















































































甲酰胺



IUPAC名
Methanamide
识别

CAS号
75-12-7  ✓

PubChem
713

ChemSpider
693

SMILES


InChI


InChIKey
ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYAQ

ChEBI
48431

KEGG
C00488

IUPHAR配体
4739
性质

化学式
HCONH2

摩尔质量
 45.04 g·mol⁻¹

密度
 1.133

熔点
 2-3 °C

沸点
 210 °C

蒸氣壓
 0.08 mmHg @20 °C

pKa
23.5 (DMSO)[1]
危险性

闪点
 154 °C (闭杯)
若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

甲酰胺是甲酸衍生出的酰胺，分子式为HCONH2。它是无色液体，与水混溶，有与氨类似的气味。主要用于生产磺胺类药物，合成维生素及用作纸张和纤维的软化剂。纯的甲酰胺可以溶解许多不溶于水的离子化合物，因此也被用作溶剂。




目录






  • 1 用途


  • 2 生产


  • 3 参见


  • 4 参考资料





用途



  • 甲酰胺是玻璃化冷冻液的组分之一，被用于超低温保存组织和器官。

  • 甲酰胺被用作凝胶电泳中RNA的稳定剂，也用于稳定毛细管电泳中的变性单股DNA。


  • 烧结时可在溶胶凝胶中加入甲酰胺以防止开裂。

  • 纯的甲酰胺可用作纳米薄膜聚合物静电自组装中的替代溶剂。[2]



生产


实验室和过去的工业上，都先以甲酸和氨反应生成甲酸铵，再使其热分解来制备甲酰胺：




HCOOH + NH3 → HCOONH4

HCOONH4 → HCONH2 + H2O


现在工业上以甲酸甲酯的氨解反应来制取甲酰胺：


HCOOCH3 + NH3 → HCONH2 + CH3OH


参见



  • N,N-二甲基甲酰胺


参考资料




  1. ^ F. G. Bordwell, J. E. Bartmess and J. A. Hautala. Alkyl effects on equilibrium acidities of carbon acids in protic and dipolar aprotic media and the gas phase. J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43 (16): 3095–3101. doi:10.1021/jo00410a001. 


  2. ^ Vimal K. Kamineni, Yuri M. Lvov, and Tabbetha A. Dobbins. Layer-by-Layer Nanoassembly of Polyelectrolytes Using Formamide as the Working Medium. Langmuir. 2007, 23 (14): 7423–7427. doi:10.1021/la700465n. 





规范控制


  • GND: 4154999-5

  • LCCN: sh91005518



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