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"Teratogenesis" redirects here. For the Revocation extended play, see Teratogenesis (EP). Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. It is often thought of as the study of human congenital abnormalities, but it is broader than that, taking into account other non-birth developmental stages, including puberty; and other organisms, including plants. The related term developmental toxicity includes all manifestations of abnormal development that are caused by environmental insult. These may include growth retardation, delayed mental development or other congenital disorders without any structural malformations. [1] Teratogens are substances that may cause birth defects via a toxic effect on an embryo or fetus. [2] Contents 1 Etymology 2 Mammalia 2.1 Teratogenesis 2.2 Humans 2.2.1 Vaccinating while pregnant 2.3 Causes 3 Other animals 3.1 Fossil record 4 Plantae 5 See also 6 References 7 E

Adverse effect Specialty Pharmacology In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. If it results from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, this is called a medical error and not a complication. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. Adverse effects of medical treatment resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 up from 94,000 deat