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Dysplasia

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This article is about the pre-cancerous change in cells and tissues. For the clinical condition affecting the hip joint, see Hip dysplasia. Normal squamous cells Dysplastic cells Dysplasia (from Ancient Greek δυσ- dys- , "bad" or "difficult" and πλάσις plasis , "formation") is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality of development or an epithelial anomaly of growth and differentiation (epithelial dysplasia). [1] The terms hip dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and renal dysplasia refer to an abnormal development, at macroscopic or microscopical level. Myelodysplastic syndromes, or dysplasia of blood-forming cells, show increased numbers of immature cells in the bone marrow, and a decrease in mature, functional cells in the blood. Contents 1 Epithelial dysplasia 1.1 Examples 1.2 Screening 1.3 Microscopic changes 1.4 Dysplasia vs. carcinoma in situ vs. invasive carcinoma 2 See also 3 References

Ciliopathy

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Ciliopathy Eukaryotic cilium A ciliopathy is a genetic disorder of the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, [1] or of ciliary function. [2] Cilia are important in guiding the process of development, so abnormal ciliary function while an embryo is developing can lead to a set of malformations that can occur regardless of the particular genetic problem. [3] The similarity of the clinical features of these developmental disorders means that they form a recognizable cluster of syndromes, loosely attributed to abnormal ciliary function and hence called ciliopathies. Regardless of the actual cause, it is clustering of a set of characteristic features which define whether a syndrome is a ciliopathy. Although ciliopathies are usually considered to involve proteins that localize to motile and/or immotile (primary) cilia or centrosomes, it is possible for ciliopathies to be associated with proteins such as XPNPEP3, which localizes to mitochondria but

lethal

Contents 1 English 1.1 Pronunciation 1.2 Etymology 1 1.2.1 Adjective 1.2.1.1 Related terms 1.2.1.2 Translations 1.2.2 Noun 1.3 Etymology 2 1.3.1 Noun 1.3.1.1 Translations 1.4 External links English Pronunciation IPA (key) : /ˈliː.θəl/ Rhymes: -iːθəl Etymology 1 From Latin lētālis ( “ mortal, deadly ” ) , improperly written lēthālis , from lētum ( “ death ” ) , improperly written as lēthum , as associated with Ancient Greek λήθη ( lḗthē , “ forgetfulness ” ) . Adjective lethal ( comparative more lethal , superlative most lethal ) Deadly; mortal; fatal. 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist , volume 408, number 8845: Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless. Related terms lethality semilethal Tra

Lutheran World Federation

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"LWF" redirects here. For the aircraft, see Lightweight Fighter program. The Lutheran World Federation Type Communion Classification Protestant Orientation Lutheran President Musa Panti Filibus  [cs; de] General Secretary Martin Junge  [de] Headquarters Ecumenical Centre (Geneva, Switzerland) Origin 1947 Members 74 million Official website www.lutheranworld.org Part of a series on Lutheranism Luther's rose Book of Concord Apostles' Creed Nicene Creed Athanasian Creed Augsburg Confession Apology of the Augsburg Confession Luther's Small / Large Catechism Smalcald Articles Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope Formula of Concord Theology Theology of Martin Luther Justification Law and Gospel Sola gratia Sola scriptura Christology Sanctification Two kingdoms catholicity Two states of the Church Priesthood of all believers Divine Providenc