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For the song by Rise Against, see Re-Education (Through Labor). A photograph of Shayang Re-education Through Labor camp in Hubei province, from the archives of the Laogai Museum Re-education through labor ( RTL ; simplified Chinese: 劳动教养 ; traditional Chinese: 勞動教養 ; pinyin: láodòng jiàoyǎng ), abbreviated laojiao (simplified Chinese: 劳教 ; traditional Chinese: 勞教 ; pinyin: láojiào ) was a system of administrative detention in Mainland China. The system was active from 1957 to 2013, and was used to detain persons accused of minor crimes such as petty theft, prostitution, and trafficking illegal drugs, as well as political dissidents, petitioners, and Falun Gong adherents. It was separate from the much larger laogai system of prison labor camps. Sentences under re-education through labor were typically for one to three years, with the possibility of an additional one-year extension. They were issued as a form of administrative punishment by police, rather than through th...

Freedom to perform economic actions "Economic rights" redirects here. For another use, see Economic, social and cultural rights. Economic freedom or economic liberty is the ability of people of a society to take economic actions. This is a term used in economic and policy debates as well as in the philosophy of economics. [1] [2] One approach to economic freedom comes from classical liberal and libertarian traditions emphasizing free markets, free trade, and private property under free enterprise. Another approach to economic freedom extends the welfare economics study of individual choice, with greater economic freedom coming from a "larger" (in some technical sense) set of possible choices. [3] Other conceptions of economic freedom include freedom from want [1] [4] and the freedom to engage in collective bargaining. [5] The free market viewpoint defines economic liberty as the freedom to produce, trade and consume any goods and services acquired without...