Eternal leaders of North Korea
























Eternal Leaders of Juche Korea

주체조선의 영원한 수령
Emblem of North Korea.svg


Kim Il SungKim Jong Il

Incumbent
Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il
since 30 June 2016
Residence
Kumsusan Palace of the Sun (Resting place)
Seat
Pyongyang, North Korea
Constituting instrument Constitution of North Korea
Formation 28 December 1972; 46 years ago (1972-12-28) (President of North Korea)
5 September 1998 (1998-09-05) (Eternal President of the Republic)
11 April 2012 (2012-04-11) (Eternal General Secretary of the Workers' Party)
13 April 2012 (2012-04-13) (Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission)
































North Korea
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This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
North Korea


Constitution




  • Juche  (state ideology)


  • Songun  ("military-first" policy)


  • Eternal Leaders

    Kim Il-sung

    Kim Jong-il















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Eternal leaders of North Korea
Chosŏn'gŭl
주체조선의 영원한 수령
Hancha
主體朝鮮의 永遠한 首領
Revised Romanization
Juchejoseonui Yeongwonhan Suryeong
McCune–Reischauer
Chuch'ech'osŏnŭi Yŏngwŏnhan Suryŏng

Eternal leaders of North Korea (주체조선의 영원한 수령) refers to the practice of granting posthumous titles to deceased leaders of North Korea. The phrase "Eternal Leaders of Juche Korea" was established by a line in the preamble to the Constitution, as amended on 30 June 2016, and in subsequent revisions.


It reads (in the original version):


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Under the leadership of the Workers’ Party of Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Korean people will uphold the great Comrades Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il as the eternal leaders of Juche Korea...[1]




Contents






  • 1 History of the title


    • 1.1 Presidency of North Korea before 1994


    • 1.2 "Eternal President"


    • 1.3 "Eternal General Secretary/Eternal Chairman"




  • 2 Head of state role in North Korea after the death of Kim Il-sung


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 Bibliography





History of the title



Presidency of North Korea before 1994


The President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the Constitution of North Korea in 1972. Until then, Kim Il-sung, the de facto ruler of North Korea, held the posts of Premier and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea.


In 1972, the Presidency was established, and Kim Il-sung was elected to the position by the Supreme People's Assembly, the North Korean legislature, on 28 December 1972. Kim held the Office of President until 1994 when he died, and the position was left vacant and his son and successor Kim Jong-il was not given the title.



"Eternal President"


The revised constitution in 1998 abolished the presidency and declared Kim Il-sung "eternal President."


The preamble of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea as amended on 5 September 1998 reads:



Under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Korean people will hold the great leader Comrade Kim Il-sung in high esteem as the eternal President of the Republic...[2]


The President was the de jure head of state of North Korea, but whose powers were exercised by the "sacred leader" of the nation's state ideology called Juche. According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills, this amendment to the preamble was an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on the personality cult surrounding Kim Il-sung. In addition, North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912, the year of Kim Il-sung's birth.[3]


The 2012 Constitution once again referred to Kim Il-sung as the "eternal President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea".[4]



"Eternal General Secretary/Eternal Chairman"


After the death of Kim Jong-il, the constitution was amended in 2012, declaring him Eternal General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission. The title of party leader was changed to "First Secretary".


In 2016, the title "eternal leaders of Juche Korea" was introduced by amending the preamble of the constitution, which was given to Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il.



Head of state role in North Korea after the death of Kim Il-sung


The functions and powers previously belonging to the President were divided between three officials: the head of government, the Premier of North Korea; the speaker of the legislature, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly; and the head of the military, the Chairman of the National Defence Commission (replaced by State Affairs Commission of North Korea in 2016) and Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army, all of which are currently held by Kim Il-sung's grandson, Kim Jong-un.


The latter Kim is also the chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, and is referred to as "Supreme Leader" with absolute control over the country.


The President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly performs representative functions ordinarily accorded to a head of state.



See also




  • Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung

  • Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il

  • Family dictatorship

  • Absolute monarchy

  • Imperial cult

  • Kim dynasty (North Korea)

  • Kim Il-sung bibliography

  • List of things named after Kim Il-sung

  • North Korean cult of personality

  • Political religion

  • President for Life

  • Propaganda in North Korea

  • Sacred king

  • Vice President of North Korea



References





  1. ^ Constitution of North Korea (2012) Wikisource


  2. ^ Constitution of North Korea (1972) Wikisource


  3. ^ Ashley J. Tellis; Michael Wills (30 September 2007). Domestic Political Change and Grand Strategy. NBR. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-9713938-8-2. Retrieved 9 July 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ "Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Preamble,  of 2012. |access-date= requires |url= (help)




Bibliography



  • Kim Jong-il (1994). Let Us Hold the Great Leader Comrade Kim Il Sung in High Esteem as the Eternal President of Our Republic.











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