納瓦霍人





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納瓦霍
Navajo (Diné)

Navajo medicine man.jpg
Navajo medicine man
分佈地區

美國（亞利桑那、新墨西哥、猶他、加利福尼亞）以及墨西哥北部
語言

納瓦霍語, 英語, 西班牙語
宗教信仰

納瓦霍人傳統信仰, 基督新教, 美國原住民族教會 (NAC), 其他
相關民族

其他阿帕契民族

納瓦霍（英語和西班牙語：Navajo、Diné）是美國西南部的一支原住民族，為北美洲地區現存最大的美洲原住民族群，人口據估計約有30萬人。「納瓦霍」族名由西班牙人所起，族人則自稱為「Diné」，即納瓦霍語「人」之意。


納瓦霍族也擁有現今美國面積最大的印第安保留地，部族政府稱為Navajo Nation，橫跨亞利桑那，新墨西哥和猶他三州，面積7萬平方公里。部族政府有地方自治權，首府設在亞利桑那州温多罗克（Window Rock）鎮。




目录






  • 1 语言


  • 2 參見


  • 3 相關書籍


  • 4 外部連結





语言


納瓦霍族群有自己的语言納瓦霍語，沒有文字，只能口口相傳，其构成相当复杂，外族人幾乎無人能瞭解。因此，在太平洋戰爭中曾用于作为密码进行明码呼叫用，以讓日本軍無法破解美方密碼，至二戰結束也沒有被破解。



參見



  • 獵風行動

  • 塞班島戰役

  • 诺曼底登陆


  • 東尼.席爾曼(Tony Hillerman)作品：印地安警探系列



相關書籍


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  • Bailey, L. R. (1964). The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846–1868.

  • Bighorse, Tiana. (1990). Bighorse the Warrior. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.


  • Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. 1970. ISBN 0-330-23219-3. 


  • Brugge, David M. Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 1694–1875. Window Rock, Arizona: Reseach Section, The Navajo Tribe. 1968. 

  • Clarke, Dwight L. (1961). Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press a

  • Downs, James F. (1972). The Navajo. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.


  • Dyke, Walter. Son of Old Man Hat. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press. 1967 [1938]. LCCN 44-2654. 


  • Forbes, Jack D. Apache, Navajo and Spaniard. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 1960. LCCN 60-13480. 

  • Gilpin, Laura. (1968). The Enduring Navaho. Austin: University of Texas Press.


  • Gold, Peter. Navajo & Tibetan Sacred Wisdom: The Circle of the Spirit. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International. 1994. ISBN 0-89281-411-X. .

  • Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540–1542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  • Henderson, Richard.(1994). “Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains.” Plains Anthropologist, V39:145–59

  • Iverson, Peter. (2002). Diné: A History of the Navahos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2714-1

  • Kelly, Lawrence (1970). Navajo Roundup, Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.

  • Kluckholm, Clyde & Leighton, Dorothea (1946). The Navaho. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.

  • Loewen, James. W. (1999). Lies Across America. Pages 100–101; The New Press.

  • McNitt, Frank. (1972). Navajo Wars. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.


  • Newcomb, Franc Johnson. Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 1964. LCCCN 64-20759. 

  • Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.

  • Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (editor). Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.


  • Compiled. Roessel, Ruth, 编. Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 1974. ISBN 0-912586-18-4. 

  • Terrell, J. U. (1970). The Navajos.

  • Underhill, Ruth M. (1956). The Navahos. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press.

  • Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.




外部連結




  • [1] 納瓦霍政府網站


  • Navajo Tourism 納瓦霍政府旅遊局網站


  • Middle Ground Project of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 1846–1931


  • Navajo People 猶他州旅遊局有關納瓦霍族資料


  • A Brief Overview of the Navajo People (as of October 18, 2004)


  • Navajo Silversmiths, by Washington Matthews, 1883 from Project Gutenberg

  • Navajo Institute for Social Justice

  • Navajo Jewelry Information


  • Navajo Artcrafts Website created by students of GreyHills Academy High School in Tuba City AZ.

  • Navajo weaving

  • Historic Collection of Navajo Pictures

  • Spanish-Navajo dictionary on line AULEX

  • Non-Profit Navajo Arts & Crafts Enterprise





规范控制


  • BNF: cb11941592s (data)

  • GND: 4041452-8

  • LCCN: sh85090345

  • NARA: 10643753



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