List of leaders of North Korea



































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This article lists the political leaders of North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).


At the end of World War II, Soviet Union occupied the northern half of Korea and in 1946 established the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea chaired by Kim Il-sung. On 9 September 1948, the DPRK was proclaimed, also led by Kim Il-sung.


The supreme leaders of the DPRK have been Kim Il-sung, his son Kim Jong-il, and his grandson Kim Jong-un. In this role they have not held consistent titles, though they were each leaders of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK)—titled as Chairman from 1948 to 1966, General Secretary from 1966 to 2011, First Secretary from 2011 to 2016, and finally Chairman again since 2016—for almost all of their period in power. Even though they have the appearance of a dynasty, succession is informal.


From 1948 to 1972, the nominal head of state was the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). In 1972, the constitution was amended to create an executive presidency. Kim Il-sung, who had served as Premier of North Korea since the DPRK's inception, was unanimously elected President of North Korea by the Supreme People's Assembly on December 28. He held this office until his death on 8 July 1994 when he was proclaimed the "Eternal President of the Republic". Since then, the practical functions of the head of state have been exercised by the President of the Presidium of the SPA.


After the death of Kim Il-sung, his son Kim Jong-il was understood to have inherited his father's near-absolute control over the country.[1][2][3] Although he had been his father's designated successor since at least 1991, it took him three years to fully consolidate his power. He was elected general secretary of the party in 1997, and was reelected Chairman of the National Defence Commission (NDC) in 1998. During his rule he was given a range of titles. He ruled the country until his death on 17 December 2011. He was succeeded by his son, Kim Jong-un, who was revealed to be in charge of the country since his father's death by the Rodong Sinmun and finally publicly acknowledged as supreme leader at the military review ending Kim Jong-il's funeral on 29 December 2011.


The government is headed by the Premier of the Cabinet, formerly called Premier of the Administration Council.


Other important institutions include the SPA, whose sessions are chaired by the Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly, and, since 1993, the Chairman of the NDC–since 2016, known as the State Affairs Commission–which holds supreme command of the DPRK's armed forces.


While two other parties, the Korean Social Democratic Party and the Chondoist Chongu Party, nominally exist, only the WPK holds any power at the national level. The other parties, and indeed all other mass organizations in the country, are completely subservient to the WPK. They exist solely to keep up the appearance that the country is a pluralist society. Almost nothing is mentioned about the minor parties except the names of their current leaders.[4]


Since 1997, the SPA chairman, premier and NDC/SAC chairman have officially formed a triumvirate heading the executive branch, with powers equivalent to one-third of a president's powers in other presidential systems. The SPA chairman conducts foreign affairs and receives the credentials of ambassadors, the premier handles domestic policy and the NDC/SAC chairman commands the armed forces. In practice, however, the real power is vested in the SAC chairman (who has also been leader of the WPK), an office constitutionally defined as the "highest post in the state”.


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Contents






  • 1 Supreme Leader of the DPRK


    • 1.1 Generations of leadership




  • 2 Leaders of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK)


  • 3 Heads of state


  • 4 Heads of government


  • 5 Heads of parliament


  • 6 Heads of the military


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links





Supreme Leader of the DPRK


The Constitution of North Korea has recognized the title "Supreme Leader" since 2009, when the Chairman of the National Defence Commission was formally designated as "the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국의 최고 지도자).[5] It was slightly amended in 2012, with "Chairman" replaced by "First Chairman."[6] It was further amended in 2016 to reflect the replacement of the NDC with the State Affairs Commission.



Kim Jong-un
Kim Jong-il
Kim Il-sung



Generations of leadership


  First generation
  Second generation
  Third generation



  • Bold offices refer to the highest position in the Workers' Party of Korea








































































































Picture
Name
Offices held
Period
Ideology

Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg

Kim Il-sung
김일성
(1912–1994)
Kim Il Sung Signature.svg

Supreme Commander of the KPA
8 February 1948 – 24 December 1991
9 September 1948

8 July 1994
(45 years, 302 days)

Juche
(Ten Principles)

Premier of the Cabinet of the DPRK
9 September 1948 – 28 December 1972

Chairman of the Central Committee of the WPK
30 June 1949 – 11 October 1966
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the WPK
26 June 1950 – 8 July 1994

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the WPK
11 October 1966 – 8 July 1994

President of the DPRK
28 December 1972 – 8 July 1994

Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the DPRK
28 December 1972 – 9 April 1993

Eternal President of the DPRK
5 September 1998 – present

Kim Jong il Portrait.jpg

Kim Jong-il
김정일
(1941–2011)
Kim Jong-il Signature.svg

Supreme Commander of the KPA
24 December 1991 – 17 December 2011
8 July 1994

17 December 2011
(17 years, 162 days)

Juche
Songun
(Ten Principles)

Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the DPRK
9 April 1993 – 17 December 2011

General Secretary of the WPK
8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the WPK

Eternal General Secretary of the WPK
11 April 2012 – present
Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the DPRK
13 April 2012 – present

Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png

Kim Jong-un
김정은
(born 1983)
Kim Jong-un Signature.svg

Supreme Commander of the KPA
30 December 2011 – present
17 December 2011

Incumbent
(7 years, 91 days)

Juche
Songun
(Ten Principles)

First Secretary of the WPK
11 April 2012 – 9 May 2016
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the WPK
11 April 2012 – present

First Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the DPRK
13 April 2012 – 29 June 2016

Chairman of the WPK
9 May 2016 – present

Chairman of the State Affairs Commission
29 June 2016 – present


Leaders of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK)





Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea
































































No.
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office
Left office
Political Party
1
Kim Tu-bong.jpg
Kim Tu-bong
(1889–1958)
28 August 1946 30 June 1949
WPNK
2
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
30 June 1949 11 October 1966
WPK

General Secretary of the Central Committee

(2)
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
11 October 1966 8 July 1994
WPK

General Secretary of the Party
3
Kim Jong il Portrait.jpg
Kim Jong-il
(1941–2011)
8 October 1997 17 December 2011
(see explanation below)

WPK

First Secretary of the Party
4
Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png
Kim Jong-un
(born 1983)
11 April 2012 9 May 2016
WPK

Chairman of the Party

(4)
Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png
Kim Jong-un
(born 1983)
9 May 2016 Incumbent
WPK

Kim Jong-il died on 17 December 2011, but has since been posthumously named the "Eternal General Secretary". Thus his son and successor as leader, Kim Jong-un, was not given the title of General Secretary.



Heads of state
























































No.
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office
Left office
Political Party

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
1
Kim Tu-bong.jpg
Kim Tu-bong
(1889–1958)
9 September 1948 20 September 1957
WPNK / WPK
2
Choe Yong-gon.jpg
Choe Yong-gon
(1900–1976)
20 September 1957 28 December 1972
WPK

President of the Republic
3
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
28 December 1972 8 July 1994
(see explanation below)

WPK

President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly
4
No image.svg
Yang Hyong-sop
(born 1925)
8 July 1994 5 September 1998
WPK
5
Kim Yong-nam in Moscow.jpg
Kim Yong-nam
(born 1928)
5 September 1998 Incumbent
WPK

Kim Il-sung died on 8 July 1994, but has since 1998 been posthumously named the "Eternal President of the Republic". Thus his son and successor as leader, the late Kim Jong-il, was not given the title of President and the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly became de jure head of state.



Heads of government
































































































































No.
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office
Left office
Political Party

Premier of the Cabinet
1
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
9 September 1948 28 December 1972
WPNK / WPK

Premier of the Administration Council
2
KimIl1974.jpg
Kim Il
(1910–1984)
28 December 1972 29 April 1976
WPK
3
No image.svg
Pak Song-chol
(1913–2008)
19 April 1976 16 December 1977
WPK
4
Li Jong-ok.jpg
Ri Jong-ok
(1916–1999)
16 December 1977 27 January 1984
WPK
5
No image.svg
Kang Song-san
(1931–2007)
27 January 1984 29 December 1986
WPK
6
No image.svg
Ri Kun-mo
(1926–2001)
29 December 1986 12 December 1988
WPK
7
No image.svg
Yon Hyong-muk
(1931–2005)
12 December 1988 11 December 1992
WPK
8
No image.svg
Kang Song-san
(1931–2007)
11 December 1992 21 February 1997
WPK

No image.svg
Hong Song-nam
(1929–2009)
Acting Premier
21 February 1997 5 September 1998
WPK

Premier of the Cabinet
9
No image.svg
Hong Song-nam
(1929–2009)
5 September 1998 3 September 2003
WPK
10
No image.svg
Pak Pong-ju
(born 1939)
3 September 2003 11 April 2007
WPK
11
No image.svg
Kim Yong-il
(born 1944)
11 April 2007 7 June 2010
WPK
12
No image.svg
Choe Yong-rim
(born 1930)
7 June 2010 1 April 2013
WPK
13
No image.svg
Pak Pong-ju
(born 1939)
1 April 2013 Incumbent
WPK


Heads of parliament






















































No.
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office
Left office
Political Party

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
1
Kim Tu-bong.jpg
Kim Tu-bong
(1889–1958)
9 September 1948 20 September 1957
WPNK / WPK
2
Choe Yong-gon.jpg
Choe Yong-gon
(1900–1976)
20 September 1957 28 December 1972
WPK
3
Hwang Jang Yeop.jpg
Hwang Jang-yop
(1923–2010)
28 December 1972 1983
WPK
4
No image.svg
Yang Hyong-sop
(born 1925)
1983 5 September 1998
WPK

Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly
5
No image.svg
Choe Thae-bok
(born 1930)
5 September 1998 Incumbent
WPK


Heads of the military





Standard of the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army
























































No.
Picture
Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office
Left office
Political Party

Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
1
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
26 June 1950 28 December 1972
WPK

Chairman of the National Defence Commission

(1)
Kim Il Sung Portrait-2.jpg
Kim Il-sung
(1912–1994)
28 December 1972 9 April 1993
WPK
2
Kim Jong il Portrait.jpg
Kim Jong-il
(1941–2011)
9 April 1993 17 December 2011
(see explanation below)

WPK

First Chairman of the National Defence Commission
3
Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png
Kim Jong-un
(born 1983)
13 April 2012 29 June 2016
WPK

Chairman of the State Affairs Commission

(3)
Kim Jong-un at the Workers' Party of Korea main building.png
Kim Jong-un
(born 1983)
29 June 2016 Incumbent
WPK

Kim Jong-il died on 17 December 2011, but has since been posthumously named the "Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission". Thus his son and successor as leader, Kim Jong-un, was given the title of "First Chairman".



See also




  • Eternal leaders of North Korea

  • Government of North Korea

  • Kim dynasty

  • North Korean cult of personality

  • Politics of North Korea

  • Residences of North Korean leaders

  • Vice President of North Korea



References




  1. ^ Barry Turner (2013). The Statesman's Yearbook 2014: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p. 746. ISBN 978-1-349-59643-0. However, it is widely understood that Kim, like his late father, yields absolute power over the state, party and army..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Korea Focus on Current Topics. Korea Foundation. 2000. pp. 109–110. Kim Jong-il exercises near absolute power based on juche thought and respect for his revolutionary legacy.


  3. ^ Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia (1999). Japan and Russia in Northeast Asia: Partners in the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-275-96382-8. On February 14, 1974, Kim Il Sung announced the ten major principles to the party leadership, thus forcing power rivals to accept his "divinity, absolutism, and unconditionality" as was articulated in the principles. As a result, one may consider Kim Jong Il's control over North Korea, at least for the time being, as absolute, because he has made it almost impossible to openly advocate ideas directed against his father or express discontent with the system.


  4. ^ Savada, Andrea Matles. "Mass Organizations." North Korea: A country study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.


  5. ^ Petrov, Leonid (12 October 2009). "DPRK has quietly amended its Constitution". Leonid Petrov's KOREA VISION. Retrieved 12 September 2015.


  6. ^ "Article 100". Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (PDF). Amended and supplemented on April 1, Juche 102 (2013), at the Seventh Session of the Twelfth Supreme People's Assembly. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. 2014. p. 22. ISBN 978-9946-0-1099-1.



External links


  • World Statesmen – North Korea














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