加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔（西班牙语：Gabriela Mistral，1889年4月7日－1957年1月10日）是智利作家和詩人，原名卢西拉·德玛丽亚·德尔佩尔佩图奥·索科罗·戈多伊·阿尔卡亚加（Lucila de María del Perpetuo Socorro Godoy Alcayaga）。加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔是她的行世笔名，名和姓分別取自她景仰的意大利作家；詩人加布里埃爾·鄧南遮和法國1904年諾貝爾文學獎得主、作家、詩人弗雷德里克·米斯特拉尔的名和姓。
她也是優秀的外交官和教育改革者，1922年她應邀到墨西哥協助當地教育部推動教育改革，改革的觸角除了各級學校，也延伸到各級圖書館。同年，紐約西班牙學院（Instituto de las Españas）出版她的第一本詩集《孤寂》。其內容和基本主題仍是愛情悲劇，手法細膩動人，詞句質樸、清新，感情深切、濃郁，突破了當時風行於拉丁美洲的現代主義詩歌風格。1924年，又出版了詩集《柔情》。之後，米斯特拉爾應邀赴美講學，回國後進入智利外交部任職。在繁忙的外交公務中，她仍堅持文學創作。1938年，她又出版了詩集《有刺的樹》。其題材十分廣泛，有歌頌大自然的，有反映印第安人的苦難和猶太民族不幸的，還有描寫被遺棄者的困苦的。此詩集大量採用民間創作手法，具有鮮明的民族特色。她的這一創作傾向對拉丁美洲抒情詩歌的發展產生了深遠的影響。[1]
她在1945年獲諾貝爾文學獎，是拉丁美洲首位諾貝爾文學獎得主，也是至今唯一來自拉丁美洲的諾貝爾文學獎女性得主。1951年，她得祖國智利的國家文學獎（Premio Nacional de Literatura）。
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
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