表型







貝殼的不同紋理


表型（英语：Phenotype），又称表現型，对于一個生物而言，表示它某一特定的物理外觀或成分。一個人是否有耳珠、植物的高度、人的血型、蛾的顏色等等，都是表型的例子。


表型主要受生物的基因型和環境影響，表型可分為連續變異或不連續變異的。前者較易受環境因素影響，基因型上則會受多個等位基因影響，如體重、智力和身高；後者僅受幾個等位基因影響，而且很少會被環境改變，如血型、眼睛顏色和捲舌的能力。對於不連續變異，若有兩個生物表現型相同，其基因型未必一樣，這是因為其中一方可能有隱性基因。


表型變異是進化論物競天擇理論成立的重要條件。早期的遺傳學家欠缺分子生物學技術，無從直接觀察DNA構造，生物和其後代的表型就是他們判別其基因型的工具。



相关条目


  • 基因型


外部連結


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  • Mouse Phenome Database

  • Human Phenotype Ontology


  • Europhenome: Access to raw and annotated mouse phenotype data[永久失效連結]






规范控制


  • GND: 4248244-6

  • LCCN: sh96012165




DNA Overview.png   表型是一个相關於遺傳學的小作品。你可以經由编辑或修订扩充其内容。







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