Religious music







David playing his harp (unknown artist, c. 960). The book of Psalms, included in the Jewish and Christian scriptures, and said to have been written largely by David, is one of the earliest collections of sacred music, and still plays a role in the liturgies of the two religions.


Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence.[1]Ritual music is music, sacred or not, performed or composed for or as ritual.




Contents






  • 1 Christian music


    • 1.1 Hymns


    • 1.2 Christian Music in the Modern Era




  • 2 Islamic Music


    • 2.1 History of Islam Prayer


    • 2.2 The Spread of Islamic Prayer




  • 3 Sikh music


  • 4 Jewish music


  • 5 Hindu music


  • 6 Islamic music


  • 7 Rastafarian music


  • 8 Shintō music


  • 9 Buddhist music


  • 10 Zoroastrian music


  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 Further reading


  • 14 External links





Christian music


Main articles: Church music and Christian music

According to some scholars, the earliest music in the Christian Church came from Jewish worship music, with some additional Syriac influence.[2] It is believed that this music lay somewhere between singing and speaking, or speaking with an understood ritual cadence.[3] However, there is another opinion that the roots of early Christian music come from the early ascetic monastic orders.[4]



Hymns


Christian music has diversified over the time, reflecting both its centuries old roots as well as more contemporary musical styles. Thousands of traditionally-styled songs of praise or worship, called "hymns" (from the Greek word "hymnos" meaning, "song of praise"), were written over hundreds of years. Eventually, these songs were compiled into books called "hymnals," from which pastors and congregants would read during Christian services - a practice that continues in many churches today.


Prior to the eighteenth century, Christian hymnals were published as standalone texts without accompanying musical scores. The first American hymnal with both text and song was published in 1831. In Europe, the Church of England did not officially allow hymns to be sung until 1820. Originally, hymns were sung by "lining out" the lyrics, meaning, the pastor would sing a line and then the congregation would repeat it. This was done because, at that time, books were expensive, so it was economical to provide the pastor of a church with one copy from which everyone could sing.[5]



Christian Music in the Modern Era


Modern methods of publication have made hymnals much more accessible to the public today than previously. The practice of "lining out" the lyrics of hymns has therefore largely fallen away, although it continues to be practiced in some traditional churches. In the twentieth century, Christian music has developed to reflect the emergence of a diverse array of musical genres including rock, metal, pop, jazz, contemporary, rap, spiritual, country, blues, and gospel. The use of specific genres and styles of music in church services today varies across denominations and according to the personal preference of pastors and church members. As of the late twentieth century, there has been a widespread preference in less traditional churches towards using contemporary music (particularly, "praise and worship" songs, which attempt to preserve the religious intent of hymns but use contemporary lyrics and a more modern musical sound instead) as well as gospel and spiritual music.



Islamic Music


Islamic "songs" come in the form of prayers (In Arabic, prayer is Salah) that occur 5 times a day. These prayers are conducted by facing Mecca and having both knees to the ground bowing and reciting these prayers and usually are recitations of the Islamic Holy word the Quran.[6] These prayers occur of the day and connect the Muslim people through a series of melodic prayers that often become amplified through the city. In Islam the implication of prayer and in this case the Salah is for ritual since it is believed to be the direct word of God that shall be performed as a collective, as well as individually.[6]



History of Islam Prayer


"What shall I say of their prayer? For they pray with such concentration and devotion that I was astonished when I was able to see it personally and observe it with my own eyes.” (Riccold De Monte in the year 1228).[6] The origin of the art of prayer in all Abrahamic religions is to glorify God and the same goes for Islam. The Al Salat is the most widely used word to mean institutionalized prayer and is one of the oldest forms of prayer in Islam.[7] Islamic prayer, traditions, and ideals had influence from these Abrahamic religions.[8] The time of origination of Salah came from the Muslim prophet Muhammad (the Messenger of God) in a cave as he began to worship Allah (God). It is believed that through this act of worship Mohammad interacted with the Abrahamic prophet Moses.[6] Now these "prayers" come in the form of recitations of the Quran and poems written by prophets of the faith.



The Spread of Islamic Prayer


Besides the spread of Islam through Arabia by prophets it spread through trade routes like the Silk Road and through conflict of war. Through the Silk road traders and members of the early Muslim faith were able to go to countries such as China and create mosques around 627 C. E.[9] As men from the Middle East came to China they would get married to these Asian women, which led to a spreading of the faith and traditions of Islam in multiplicities.[9] The Crusades in the 9th and 10th century encouraged the spread of Islam through the invasions of Latin Christian soldiers and Muslim soldiers into each other's land. The whole conflict began on the premises of a Holy Land and which group of people owned these lands that led to these foes invading their respective lands.[10] As the religion itself spread so did its implications of ritual, such as prayer.



Sikh music


Main article: Sikh music


Jewish music


Main article: Jewish music

The earliest synagogal music was based on the same system as that in the Temple in Jerusalem. According to the Talmud, Joshua ben Hananiah, who had served in the sanctuary Levitical choir, told how the choristers went to the synagogue from the orchestra by the altar (Talmud, Suk. 53a), and so participated in both services.



Hindu music


Main article: Hindu music


Islamic music


Main article: Islamic music


Rastafarian music


Main article: Rastafarian music


Shintō music


Main article: Shintō music

Shintō music (神楽) is ceremonial music for Shinto (神道) which is the native religion of Japan.



Buddhist music


Main article: Buddhist music

Buddhist music is music for Buddhist ceremony or meditation.



Zoroastrian music


Main article: Zoroastrian music

Zoroastrian music is a genre of music that accompanies Zoroastrian traditions and rites.



See also




  • Church music

  • Gospel music

  • Liturgical music

  • Music and politics

  • Secular music

  • Spiritual (music)

  • World Sacred Music Festival



References





  1. ^ "Religious Music Genre Overview | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2018-06-09..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Conomos 2003.


  3. ^ Foley 2008,[page needed].


  4. ^ Taruskin and Gibbs 2013, p. 9.


  5. ^ Townsend, James (1991). "The Golden Age of Hymns: Did You Know?". Christianity Today (Issue 31, The Golden Age of Hymns, 1991). Retrieved 19 February 2019.


  6. ^ abcd A. Rasheid, Omar. "Muslim Prayer and Public Spheres: An Interpretation of the Quranic Verse 29:45". Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology. 68: 41.


  7. ^ Khalee, Mohammed (1999). "The Foundation of Muslim Prayer". Medieval Encounters. 5.


  8. ^ Hienz, Justin (August 2008). "SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURY RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES ON THE SALĀT RITUAL". THE ORIGINS OF MUSLIMS PRAYER.


  9. ^ ab waheed. "Islam Enters the Far East - The Religion of Islam". www.islamreligion.com. Retrieved 2018-10-16.


  10. ^ "Why Muslims See the Crusades So Differently from Christians". HISTORY. Retrieved 2018-10-16.




  • Conomos, Dimitri (2003). "Early Christian and Byzantine Music: History and Performance". Monachos.net (February). Reprinted Archdiocesan School of Byzantine Music: Greek Orthodox Archdioces of America, 15 November 2012 (accessed 7 October 2016).


  • Foley, Edward (2008). From Age to Age: How Christians Have Celebrated the Eucharist. Liturgical Press; Collegeville. ISBN 978-0-8146-3078-5.


  • Taruskin, Richard; Christopher Gibbs (2013). The Oxford History of Western Music (College ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
    [full citation needed]



Further reading



  • Fertonani, Cesare; Raffaele Mellace; Cesare Toscani, eds. (2014). La Musica Sacra nella Milano del Settecento. Atti del convegno internazionale. Milano, 17-18 maggio 2011. Cantar sottile 3. Milan: LED Edizioni Universitaire. ISBN 978-88-7916-658-4.


External links



  • Gregorian chant, liturgical music (CD, scores, learning)

  • The Gregorian chant of the abbeys of Provence in France (fr. with Translator)

  • New England religious music

  • Hibba's Web Anthology of Traditional Jewish Music

  • Religious Music - Greek











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