Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Social Democratic Party of Switzerland Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz (SP) (German) Parti socialiste suisse (PS) (French) Partito Socialista Svizzero (PS) (Italian) Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra (PS) (Romansh)
President	Christian Levrat
Members in Federal Council	Simonetta Sommaruga Alain Berset
Founded	21 October 1888
Headquarters	Spitalgasse 34 CH-3001 Bern
Youth wing	Young Socialists Switzerland
Membership (2015)	30,000[1]
Ideology	Social democracy[2] Democratic socialism[3] Anti-capitalism[4][5] Pro-Europeanism[3]
Political position	Centre-left[3][6] to left-wing[7][8][9]
European affiliation	Party of European Socialists (associate)
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance
Colours	Red
Federal Council	2 / 7
National Council	43 / 200
Council of States	12 / 46
Cantonal executives	28 / 154
Cantonal legislatures	459 / 2,609
Website
sp-ps.ch
Politics of Switzerland Political parties Elections

The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (also rendered as Swiss Socialist Party; German: Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz, SP; French: Parti socialiste suisse, PS; Italian: Partito Socialista Svizzero; Romansh: Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra) is a political party in Switzerland. It has been represented by two Federal Councilors since 1960 and got the second-most votes in the 2015 national elections.

The party was founded on 21 October 1888, and is currently the second largest of the four leading coalition political parties in Switzerland. It is the only left-wing party with representatives in the Swiss Federal Council. It is also the second largest political party in the Swiss parliament. The current members in the Swiss Federal Council are Alain Berset and Simonetta Sommaruga.

The SP is the largest pro-European party in Switzerland and supports Swiss membership of the European Union,^[3] unlike most other Swiss parties. Additionally, it is strongly opposed to capitalism and maintains a long-term goal of "overcoming capitalism."^[4][5][10] The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance,^[11] and an associate member of the Party of European Socialists.^[12]

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Policies
  


• 
  3 Popular support
  


• 
  4 Election results
  


• 
  5 Party strength over time
  


• 
  6 Presidents
  


• 
  7 Members of the Swiss Federal Council
  


• 
  8 Notes and references
  


• 
  9 External links
  

History

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With its foundation in October 1888, the Social Democratic Party was considered to be the main opposition to the Radicals in government and parliament. After the unsuccessful general strike in 1918, proportional representation was introduced which helped the SP gain 41 seats in parliament.^[13] The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1927 and 1940.^[14] After the strike the party took a softer line and in 1943 it became the strongest party in parliament, finally gaining a seat in the Federal Council. It picked up a second seat in 1959.^[13] The party's historical archives is today hosted by the Swiss Social Archives.

Policies

The SP's positions in the Swiss political spectrum (2007)

The SP supports classical social democratic policies. To that rule, the SP stands for a government offering strong public services. The SP is against far-reaching economic liberalism, in favor of social progressivism, environmental policy with climate change mitigation, for an open foreign policy, and a national security policy based on pacifism.

In economic, financial, and social welfare policy, the SP rejects policies of economic liberalization such as deregulation, lowering taxes for high-income citizens, and decreases in government spending on social insurance. The SP also opposes raising the retirement age. In addition, the SP is a proponent of increasing welfare spending in some areas such as for a publicly financed maternity leave, universal health care and a flexible retirement age. In tax policy the SP opposes the notion of lowering taxes for high-income citizens. By campaigning for the harmonisation of all tax rates in Switzerland, the SP seeks more redistribution. The SP is skeptical toward the privatization of state enterprises. Nonetheless, the SP also promotes more competition in the areas of agriculture and parallel imports.

In social policy, the SP is committed to social equity and an open society. Thus, the SP aims at making working conditions for women in families easier by promoting more external childcare centers and more opportunities for part-time jobs. It also aims at reinforcing sexual equality in terms of eliminating wage differences based on gender, supports civil union for homosexuals and takes an easier stance toward abortions. The SP also rejects strengthening restrictions on asylum seekers and immigrants. Thus, it supports the integration of immigrants by which the immigrants are assigned to immigration procedures immediately after entering the country. The SP has a liberal stance toward drugs and is in favor of publicly regulated heroin consumption and the legalization of cannabis. Nevertheless, the SP supports the smoking ban in restaurants and bars.

In foreign policy the SP promotes further participation by Switzerland in international organizations. It supports immediate entry of Switzerland into the European Union. The SP also stands for a less strict neutrality of Switzerland, and supports increased international efforts on the part of Switzerland in the areas of peace and human rights. However, the SP supports keeping the military neutrality and opposes entry into NATO. Its pacifist stance is also reflected in its military policy: The SP supports reducing the number of Swiss militia while making the military apparatus more professional and scrapping conscription. Another demand of the SP is to end the tradition of gun ownership, using severe and recent examples of abuse in terms of murder as proof.

Together with the Green Party of Switzerland, the Social Democrats have common environmentalist policies, which are reflected in the expansion of ecotax reforms and increased state support for energy saving measures and renewable energies. The SP is against the construction of new roads where possible and instead proposes to shift the transportation of goods from the roads to the railways and the introduction of a cap and trade and traffic management system when it comes to transportation across the Swiss Alps. Furthermore, the SP stands for an expansion of the public transportation system network and opposes nuclear energy.

Popular support

Percentages of the SP at district level in 2011

Strongest in urban areas, the Social Democrats' support is spread across the country as they hold a quarter of seats in cantonal parliaments, but are the largest party in only one, Basel-Stadt (coloured red above)

In 2003, it held 52 mandates (out of 200) in the Swiss National Council (first chamber of the Swiss parliament); 9 (out of 46) in the second chamber and 2 out of 7 mandates in the Swiss Federal Council (executive body). By 2005, it held 23.8% of the seats in the Swiss Cantonal governments and 23.2% in the Swiss Cantonal parliaments (index "BADAC", weighted with the population and number of seats). At the latest legislative elections on 18 October 2015, the party won 18.8% of the popular vote and 43 out of 200 seats.^[15]

Election results

Nationalrat

Year	Votes			Seats		Rank (seats)
	#	%	± pp	#	±
1890		3.6		1 / 147	1	5th
1893		5.9		1 / 147		5th
1896	25,304	6.8		2 / 147	1	4th
1899	35,488	9.6		4 / 147	2	4th
1902	51,338	12.6		7 / 167	3	4th
1905	60,308	14.7		2 / 167	5	5th
1908	70,003	17.6		7 / 167	5	4th
1911	80,050	20.0		15 / 189	8	3rd
1914	34,204	10.1		19 / 189	3	3rd
1917	158,450	30.8		20 / 189	2	3rd
1919	175,292	23.5		41 / 189	21	2nd
1922	170,974	23.3		43 / 198	2	3rd
1925	192,208	25.8		49 / 198	6	2nd
1928	220,141	27.4		50 / 198	1	2nd
1931	247,946	28.7		49 / 187	1	2nd
1935	255,843	28.0		50 / 187	1	1st
1939	160,377	25.9		45 / 187	5	2nd
1943	251,576	28.6		56 / 194	11	1st
1947	251,625	26.2		48 / 194	8	2nd
1951	249,857	26.0		49 / 196	1	2nd
1955	263,664	27.0		53 / 196	4	1st
1959	259,139	26.4		51 / 196	2	1st
1963	256,063	26.6		53 / 200	2	1st
1967	233,873	23.5		50 / 200	3	1st
1971[16]	452,195	22.9%	– 0.6	46 / 200	4	2nd
1975[16]	477,125	24.9%	+ 2.0	55 / 200	9	2nd
1979[16]	443,794	24.4%	– 0.5	51 / 200	4	2nd
1983[16]	444,365	22.8%	– 1.6	47 / 200	4	2nd
1987[16]	353,334	18.4%	– 4.4	41 / 200	6	3rd
1991[16]	373,664	18.5%	+ 0.1	41 / 200	0	2nd
1995[16]	410,136	21.8%	+ 3.3	54 / 200	13	2nd
1999[16]	438,555	22.5%	– 0.7	51 / 200	3	3rd
2003[16]	490,392	23.3%	+ 0.8	52 / 200	1	2nd
2007[16]	450,308	19.5%	– 3.8	43 / 200	9	2nd
2011[16]	451,236	18.7%	– 0.8	46 / 200	3	2nd
2015[15]	475,071	18.8%	+ 0.1	43 / 200	3	2nd

Party strength over time

Percentage of the total vote for the Social Democratic Party in Federal Elections 1971-2015^[17]

Canton	1971	1975	1979	1983	1987	1991	1995	1999	2003	2007	2011	2015
Switzerland	22.9	24.9	24.4	22.8	18.4	18.5	21.8	22.5	23.3	19.5	18.7	18.8
Zürich	20.9	23.9	26.5	23.0	17.4	18.8	23.1	25.6	25.7	19.8	19.3	21.4
Bern	31.0	31.0	30.5	28.3	22.3	20.0	24.7	27.6	27.9	21.2	19.3	19.7
Luzern	12.4	13.4	12.5	11.8	9.0	11.0	11.7	10.0	11.1	11.5	11.5	13.6
Uri	*a	*	23.0	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	21.5	*
Schwyz	29.0	29.3	22.6	21.0	14.3	19.4	19.9	16.4	17.6	13.9	15.7	13.1
Obwalden	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	11.6	*	*
Nidwalden	*	*	10.6	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Glarus	57.2	64.7	*	*	*	53.7	83.9	85.7	67.1	55.5	24.6	45.0
Zug	*	35.7	30.9	22.8	22.6	16.1	17.0	23.3	13.4	9.1	5.3	13.8
Fribourg	19.9	25.7	30.7	24.0	22.2	18.6	17.3	20.3	21.5	22.7	26.7	24.2
Solothurn	26.3	31.4	28.4	27.8	22.3	19.8	24.2	27.2	25.4	19.5	18.3	20.0
Basel-Stadt	30.4	33.3	33.3	31.0	25.9	25.3	35.5	33.3	40.9	35.2	29.1	33.3
Basel-Landschaft	28.2	30.3	31.4	32.5	22.8	24.4	25.3	23.3	24.7	25.2	24.4	22.2
Schaffhausen	40.2	37.2	35.3	35.4	39.2	34.2	37.8	33.6	39.7	34.2	34.6	28.8
Appenzell A.Rh.	37.4	40.1	*	23.6	*	*	21.9	29.6	19.9	*	*	28.6
Appenzell I.Rh.	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	20.3	18.1
St. Gallen	14.6	15.1	18.0	16.3	11.4	13.1	16.2	17.1	18.4	14.7	16.7	14.2
Graubünden	13.9	15.2	20.5	24.6	19.5	21.2	21.6	26.6	24.9	23.7	15.6	17.6
Aargau	23.9	24.2	27.6	27.5	18.5	17.4	19.4	18.7	21.2	17.9	18.0	16.1
Thurgau	20.7	21.6	22.4	19.5	13.4	15.1	18.1	16.1	14.1	11.7	12.1	12.7
Ticino	13.1	13.9	15.2	13.8	9.3	6.7	17.1	18.8	25.8	18.1	16.6	15.9
Vaud	25.0	27.6	24.9	21.9	22.5	22.9	22.7	22.4	21.7	22.0	25.2	22.2
Valais	15.4	17.4	11.6	14.1	14.5	14.5	16.6	16.9	19.1	14.7	14.6	13.3
Neuchâtel	30.6	38.9	37.4	33.1	30.8	29.8	28.2	28.0	29.2	25.9	24.7	23.7
Genève	19.1	22.6	21.5	19.2	18.6	26.4	30.0	20.0	24.8	19.1	19.1	19.9
Jura	b	b	*	17.8	25.5	28.8	32.4	34.2	34.2	36.9	30.8	23.7

1.^a * indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.

2.^b Part of the Canton of Bern until 1979.

Presidents

1888–1889	Alexander Reichel
1890–1891	Albert Steck
1892–1894	Eugen Wullschleger
1894–1896	Wilhelm Fürholz
1897	Karl Zgraggen
1898	Paul Brandt
1898–1901	Otto Lang
1901–1902	Joseph Albisser
1902–1908	Gottfried Reimann
1909–1910	Eduard Kessler
1911	Hans Näher
1912–1916	Fritz Studer
1916–1917	Emil Klöti
1918	Jakob Gschwend
1919	Gustav Müller
1919–1936	Ernst Reinhard
1937–1952	Hans Oprecht
1953–1962	Walther Bringolf
1962–1970	Fritz Grütter
1970–1974	Arthur Schmid
1974–1990	Helmut Hubacher
1990–1997	Peter Bodenmann
1997–2000	Ursula Koch
2000–2004	Christiane Brunner
2004–2008	Hans-Jürg Fehr
Since 2008	Christian Levrat

Members of the Swiss Federal Council

1943–1951	Ernst Nobs
1951–1953	Max Weber
1959–1969	Willy Spühler
1959–1973	Hans-Peter Tschudi
1969–1977	Pierre Graber
1973–1983	Willy Ritschard
1977–1987	Pierre Aubert
1987–1993	René Felber
1983–1995	Otto Stich
1993–2002	Ruth Dreifuss
1995–2010	Moritz Leuenberger
2002–2011	Micheline Calmy-Rey
Since 2010	Simonetta Sommaruga
Since 2011	Alain Berset

Notes and references

1. 
   ^ The Swiss Confederation — A Brief Guide. Federal Chancellery. 2015. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Switzerland". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
   


3. 
   ^ ^abcd "Switzerland—Political Parties". European Election Database (EED). Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
   


4. 
   ^ ^ab "Überwindung des Kapitalismus bleibt SP-Fernziel" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 7 April 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
   


5. 
   ^ ^ab "SP will die «Überwindung des Kapitalismus» konkretisieren" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 3 December 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
   


6. 
   ^ René Schwok (2009). "Why Switzerland Refused to Join the European Union". Switzerland--European Union: An Impossible Membership?. Peter Lang. p. 119. ISBN 978-90-5201-576-7.
   


7. 
   ^ Ladner, Andreas (2013). Die Positionierung der Schweizer Parteien im internationalen Vergleich. Die Parteien in Bewegung: Nachbarschaft und Konflikte. NZZ Libro. p. 213.
   


8. 
   ^ The Economist Intelligence Unit (2015). Switzerland--Country Overview. The Economist. p. 1.
   


9. 
   ^ Federal Chancellery, Communication Support (2016). The Swiss Confederation – a brief guide. Switzerland: Swiss Confederation. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
   


10. 
    ^ "Positionspapier sorgt für rote Köpfe bei Genossen" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 19 November 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
    


11. 
    ^ "Participants | Progressive Alliance". Progressive-alliance.info. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
    


12. 
    ^ PES member parties PES Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine.. Pes.eu. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
    


13. 
    ^ ^ab Social Democratic Party. swissinfo.ch (2007-11-30). Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
    


14. 
    ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 323
    


15. 
    ^ ^ab Bundesamt für Statistik. "Nationalratswahlen: Übersicht Schweiz". Retrieved 2015-10-19.
    


16. 
    ^ ^abcdefghijk Grossenbacher, Timo (2015-09-30). "Party strongholds and political battlefields 1971−2011 - SWI". Swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
    


17. 
    ^ Nationalratswahlen 2015: Der Wandel der Parteienlandschaft seit 1971 (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02.
    

External links

• 
  www.sp-ps.ch in French and German


• 
  www.ps-ticino.ch in Italian


• 
  Social Democratic Party in History of Social Security in Switzerland
  

v t e Presidents of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
List of Presidents of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
1888–1899	1888–1889: Alexander Reichel 1890–1891: Albert Steck 1892–1894: Eugen Wullschleger 1894–1896: Wilhelm Fürholz 1897: Karl Zgraggen 1898: Paul Brandt
1900–1999	1898–1901: Otto Lang 1901–1902: Joseph Albisser 1902–1908: Gottfried Reimann 1909–1910: Eduard Kessler 1911: Hans Näher 1912–1916: Fritz Studer 1916–1917: Emil Klöti 1918: Jakob Gschwend 1919: Gustav Müller 1919–1936: Ernst Reinhard 1937–1952: Hans Oprecht 1953–1962: Walther Bringolf 1962–1970: Fritz Grütter 1970–1974: Arthur Schmid 1974–1990: Helmut Hubacher 1990–1997: Peter Bodenmann 1997–2000: Ursula Koch
Since 2000	2000–2004: Christiane Brunner 2004–2008: Hans-Jürg Fehr 2008–present: Christian Levrat

v t e Political parties in Switzerland
National Council .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} (200 seats)	Federal Council Swiss People's Party (65) Social Democratic Party (43) The Liberals (FDP) (33) Christian Democratic People's Party (27) Non-governmental Green Party (11) Green Liberal Party (7) Conservative Democratic Party (7) Evangelical People's Party (2) Ticino League (2) Swiss Party of Labour (1) Geneva Citizens' Movement (1) Christian Social Party of Obwalden (1)
Council of States (46 seats)	Federal Council Christian Democratic People's Party (13) FDP.The Liberals (13) Social Democratic Party (12) Swiss People's Party (5) Non-governmental Green Party (1) Conservative Democratic Party (1) Independent (1) Green Liberal Party (0) Evangelical People's Party (0) Ticino League (0) Christian Social Party (0) Geneva Citizens' Movement (0) Swiss Party of Labour (0)
Other parties	Alternative Left Alternative List Christian Social Party Federal Democratic Union Freedom Party Pirate Party Social Liberal Movement Solidarity Swiss Democrats Swiss Independence Party up! Swiss Nationalist Party
Portal:Politics Politics of Switzerland List of ruling political parties by country

v t e Party of European Socialists (PES)
European Parliament group: Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Parties	Member states SPÖ PS sp.a BSP/БСП SDP EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ ČSSD A SDE SDP PS SPD PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ. MSZDP MSZP Lab PD PSI Saskaņa LSDP LSAP PL PvdA SLD UP PS PSD SMER-SD SD PSOE SAP Lab SDLP Member parties (non-EU) AP Associated parties (EU) PBSD/БСДП Associated parties (non-EU) PS SDP BiH S SDSM/СДСМ DPS SDP VV DS SP/PS CHP HDP Observer parties (EU) LSDSP Observer parties (non-EU) PS ARF ESDP/الديمقراطي GD HaAvoda/העבודה Meretz/מרצ PDM USPT CTP Fatah/فتح PSD FDTL
Presidents	Wilhelm Dröscher Robert Pontillon Joop den Uyl Vítor Constâncio Guy Spitaels Willy Claes Rudolf Scharping Robin Cook Poul Nyrup Rasmussen Sergei Stanishev
Presidents in the European Parliament	Guy Mollet Hendrik Fayat Pierre Lapie Willi Birkelbach Käte Strobel Francis Vals Georges Spénale Ludwig Spénale Ernest Glinne Rudi Arndt Jean-Pierre Cot Pauline Green Enrique Barón Crespo Martin Schulz Hannes Swoboda Gianni Pittella
European Commissioners	Vytenis Andriukaitis (Health and Food Safety) Corina Crețu (Regional Policy) Neven Mimica (International Cooperation and Development) Federica Mogherini (Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) Pierre Moscovici (Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs) Maroš Šefčovič (Energy Union) Frans Timmermans (Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights) Karmenu Vella (Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries)
Heads of government	Pedro Sánchez (Spain) Joseph Muscat (Malta) António Costa (Portugal) Robert Fico (Slovakia) Stefan Löfven (Sweden)

Authority control	WorldCat Identities BNF: cb12086950k (data) GND: 13728-5 HDS: 17393 ISNI: 0000 0001 2195 8136 SUDOC: 028100077 VIAF: 159448941

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