Mixing
North Island
| Native name: Te Ika-a-Māui | |
|---|---|
 | |
  North Island | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Oceania |
| Coordinates | 38°24′S 175°43′E / 38.400°S 175.717°E / -38.400; 175.717 |
| Archipelago | New Zealand |
| Area | 113,729 km2 (43,911 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 14th |
| Highest elevation | 2,797 m (9,177 ft) |
| Highest point | Mount Ruapehu |
| Administration | |
New Zealand | |
| ISO 3166-2:NZ | NZ-N |
| Regions | 9 |
| Territorial authorities | 43 |
| Largest settlement | Auckland (pop. 1,628,900) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 3,749,200 (June 2018) |
| Pop. density | 33.0 /km2 (85.5 /sq mi) |
The North Island (Māori: Te Ika-a-Māui) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is 113,729 square kilometres (43,911 sq mi),[1] making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,749,200 (June 2018).[2]
Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangarei, Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, New Plymouth, Napier, Hastings, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and Wellington, the capital, located at the south-west extremity of the island. About 77% of New Zealand's population lives in the North Island.
Contents
1 Naming and usage
2 Māori mythology
3 Economy
4 Ecology
5 Regions
6 Cities and towns
7 Demographics
7.1 Culture and identity
8 Healthcare
9 Major geographic features
9.1 Bays and coastal features
9.2 Lakes and rivers
9.3 Capes and peninsulas
9.4 Forests and national parks
9.5 Volcanology
9.6 Other
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Naming and usage
Although the island has been known as the North Island for many years,[3] in 2009 the New Zealand Geographic Board found that, along with the South Island, the North Island had no official name.[4] After a public consultation, the board officially named the island North Island or Te Ika-a-Maui in October 2013.[5]
In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island, with the definite articles. It is also normal to use the preposition in rather than on, for example "Hamilton is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island". Maps, headings, tables and adjectival expressions use North Island without the.
Māori mythology
According to Māori mythology, the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the demigod Māui. Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it from the sea. While he was not looking his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui"). The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish. Until the early 20th Century, an alternative Māori name for the North Island was Aotearoa. In present usage, Aotearoa is a collective Māori name for New Zealand as a whole.
Economy
The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at US$102.863 billion in 2003, 79% of New Zealand's national GDP.[6]
Ecology
The North Island is divided into two ecoregions within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, the northern part being the Northland temperate kauri forest, and the southern part being the North Island temperate forests. The island has an extensive flora and bird population, with numerous National Parks and other protected areas.
Regions
Territorial authorities of the North Island
Nine local government regions cover the North Island and all its adjacent islands and territorial waters.
- Northland
- Auckland
- Waikato
- Bay of Plenty
- Gisborne
- Taranaki
- Manawatu-Wanganui
- Hawkes Bay
- Wellington
Cities and towns
Map of the North Island showing some of its cities
The North Island has a larger population than the South Island, with the country's largest city, Auckland, and the capital, Wellington, accounting for nearly half of it.
There are 28 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more:
| Name | Population (June 2018)[7] | % of island |
|---|---|---|
Auckland | 1,467,800 | 39.1% |
Wellington | 215,400 | 5.7% |
Hamilton | 169,300 | 4.5% |
Tauranga | 135,000 | 3.6% |
Lower Hutt | 104,900 | 2.8% |
Palmerston North | 80,300 | 2.1% |
Napier | 62,800 | 1.7% |
Porirua | 55,500 | 1.5% |
New Plymouth | 55,300 | 1.5% |
Rotorua | 54,500 | 1.5% |
Whangarei | 52,600 | 1.4% |
Hibiscus Coast | 52,400 | 1.4% |
Hastings | 45,000 | 1.2% |
Upper Hutt | 41,000 | 1.1% |
Whanganui | 39,400 | 1.1% |
Gisborne | 35,500 | 0.9% |
Paraparaumu | 28,900 | 0.8% |
Pukekohe | 24,300 | 0.6% |
Taupo | 23,900 | 0.6% |
Masterton | 23,900 | 0.5% |
Cambridge | 19,150 | 0.5% |
Levin | 17,700 | 0.5% |
Feilding | 16,450 | 0.4% |
Whakatane | 15,850 | 0.4% |
Havelock North | 13,950 | 0.4% |
Tokoroa | 13,650 | 0.4% |
Te Awamutu | 12,400 | 0.3% |
Waikanae | 12,100 | 0.3% |
Demographics
Culture and identity
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| European | 2,122,587 | 69.6 |
| New Zealand European | 1,934,037 | 63.4 |
| English | 30,393 | 1.0 |
| British | 27,024 | 0.9 |
| South African | 24,921 | 0.8 |
| Dutch | 21,549 | 0.7 |
| European (not further defined) | 20,955 | 0.7 |
| Australian | 16,431 | 0.5 |
| Māori | 514,809 | 16.9 |
| Asian | 418,287 | 13.7 |
| Chinese | 145,089 | 4.8 |
| Indian | 134,559 | 4.4 |
| Filipino | 32,796 | 1.1 |
| Korean | 25,842 | 0.8 |
| Pacific peoples | 274,806 | 9.0 |
| Samoan | 133,968 | 4.4 |
| Cook Islands Maori | 56,910 | 1.9 |
| Tongan | 56,685 | 1.9 |
| Niuean | 22,878 | 0.7 |
| Middle Eastern/Latin American/African | 39,510 | 1.3 |
| Other | 47,394 | 1.6 |
| New Zealander | 45,906 | 1.5 |
| Total people stated | 3,050,874 | 100.0 |
| Not elsewhere included | 186,174 | 5.8 |
Healthcare
Healthcare in the North Island is provided by fifteen District Health Boards (DHBs). Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the Local Government Regions.
| District Health Board | District | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Northland District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o te Tai Tokerau) | Whangarei District, Far North District, Kaipara District | 159,160 |
| Waitemata District Health Board (Te Wai Awhina) | Auckland Region | 525,000 |
| Auckland District Health Board (Te Toka Tumai) | Auckland Region | 468,000 |
| Counties Manukau District Health Board (A Community Partnership) | Auckland Region | 490,610 |
| Waikato District Health Board (Waikato DHB) | Hamilton City, Hauraki District, Matamata-Piako District, Otorohanga District, part of Ruapehu District, South Waikato, Thames-Coromandel District, Waikato District, Waipa District, Waitomo District | 372,865 |
| Bay of Plenty District Health Board (Hauora a Toi) | Tauranga City, Western Bay of Plenty District, Whakatāne District, Kawerau District, Opotiki District | 214,170 |
| Lakes District Health Board (Lakes DHB) | Rotorua District, Taupo District | 102,000 |
| Tairawhiti District Health Board (Te Mana Hauora o te Tairawhiti) | Gisborne District | 44,499 |
| Hawke's Bay District Health Board (Whakawateatia) | Napier City, Hastings District, Wairoa District, Central Hawke's Bay District, Chatham Islands | 155,000 |
| Taranaki District Health Board (Taranaki DHB) | New Plymouth District, Stratford District, South Taranaki District | 104,280 |
| Whanganui District Health Board (Whanganui DHB) | Wanganui District, Rangitikei District, part of Ruapehu District | 62,210 |
| Mid Central District Health Board (Te Pae Hauora o Ruahine o Tararua) | Palmerston North City, Horowhenua District, Manawatu District, Tararua District, part of Kapiti Coast District | 158,838 |
| Wairarapa District Health Board (Te Poari Hauora a Rohe o Wairarapa) | South Wairarapa District, Carterton District, Masterton District | 38,200 |
| Hutt Valley District Health Board (Healthy People) | Lower Hutt City, Upper Hutt City | 145,000 |
| Capital and Coast District Health Board (Upoko ki te Uru Hauora) | Wellington City, Porirua City, part of Kapiti Coast District | 270,000 |
Major geographic features
The North Island, in relation to the South Island
Bays and coastal features
- Bay of Islands
- Bay of Plenty
- Hauraki Gulf
- Hawke Bay
- Ninety Mile Beach
- North Taranaki Bight
- South Taranaki Bight
Lakes and rivers
- Lake Taupo
- Waikato River
- Whanganui River
Capes and peninsulas
- Coromandel Peninsula
- Northland Peninsula
- Cape Palliser
- Cape Reinga
- East Cape
- North Cape
Forests and national parks
- Egmont National Park
- Tongariro National Park
- Waipoua Kauri Forest
- Whanganui National Park
- and many forest parks of New Zealand
Volcanology
- Mount Ruapehu
- Mount Taranaki
- Volcanic Plateau
Other
- Waitomo Caves
- Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu
See also
- List of islands of New Zealand
References
^ "Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features". Statistics New Zealand. 2000. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2018 (provisional)". Statistics New Zealand. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018. For urban areas, "Subnational population estimates (UA, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996, 2001, 2006-18 (2017 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^ On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named New Ulster, which was also a province of New Zealand that included the North Island.
^ "The New Zealand Geographic Board Considers North and South Island Names". Land Information New Zealand. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
^ "Two official options for NZ island names". The New Zealand Herald. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
^ "Regional Gross Domestic Product". Statistics New Zealand. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
^ "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2018 (final)". Statistics New Zealand. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
^ "Ethnic group (total responses), for the census usually resident population count, 2001, 2006, and 2013 Censuses (RC, TA, AU)". Statistics New Zealand.
External links
Media related to North Island, New Zealand at Wikimedia Commons
North Island travel guide from Wikivoyage
Media related to North Island, New Zealand at Wikimedia Commons
North Island travel guide from WikivoyageRegions of New Zealand | ||
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| North Island |
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| South Island |
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* Governed by a unitary authority rather than a regional council | ||
Authority control  |
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Coordinates: 38°24′S 175°43′E / 38.400°S 175.717°E / -38.400; 175.717
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