自私




自私是一個人把自己的考慮或利益置於別人的利益之上[1][2]。自私是對立於無私和利他主義的。


自私不能和自利（Self-interest）混淆。前者是只顧自己而不顧他人死活，是壞事；後者是想到自己也想到他人，只是當兩者利益用盡方法都無法調和，才以自己為先，是好事。





查询維基詞典中的自私。


請參閱




  • 方志勇主義（見方志勇#宋圣吐槽事件。在马来西亚，方志勇是小气自私，不择手段但却能住豪宅和驾跑车的小人。）


  • 恕道（「互惠的道德」，又稱為「黃金規律」）


  • 心理利己主義：認為人的行為總是出於自身利益


  • 自由：表示自我思想或行為優先，即，自我利益或自我關注

  • 自利的偏見


  • 自我中心：不能代入別人的角色，為他人着想


  • 自私：貶義的術語，是指任何哲學，教義，或傾向，堅持明確自私的原則是可取的

  • 自戀


  • 利己主義（有時被稱為唯我主義）：相信自我獨特的存在，或者自我經驗可以被驗證


  • 利他主義：無私地關心他人的福利

  • 客觀主意


  • 客觀主義：以藍德安蘭德的著作為基礎的哲學體系，主張利己主義


  • 後利己主義：旨在超越利己主義的哲學


  • 馬基雅維利主義：一種傾向，欺騙和操縱他人謀取私利;


  • 理性利己主義：相信利己是理性的


  • 無政府主義：標榜個人至上，最常見的代表是麥克斯·施蒂納

  • 開明的個人利益


  • 道德利己主義：認為人應該做對自己有利的事

  • 慷慨


  • 撒旦主義：基於個人主義和自我保護的一種哲學



參考





  1. ^ Selfishness, The Free Dictionary, accessed on 17 December 2011


  2. ^ Selfishness - meaning, reference.com, accessed on 23 April 2012




伸延閱讀




  • 約翰·羅爾斯的《正義論》


  • Twilight of the Idols, Friedrich Nietzsche Penguin Classics; Reissue edition (February 15, 1990), ISBN 0-14-044514-5


  • The Evolution of Cooperation, Robert Axelrod, Basic Books, ISBN 0-465-02121-2


  • The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins (1990), second edition—includes two chapters about the evolution of cooperation, ISBN 0-19-286092-5


  • The Virtue of Selfishness, Ayn Rand, ISBN 0-451-16393-1





规范控制


  • GND: 4013627-9

  • NDL: 00576641







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