Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

In this Philippine name for married women, the birth middle name or maternal family name is Macaraeg, the birth surname or paternal family name is Macapagal, and the marital name is Arroyo.

Her Excellency Gloria Macapagal Arroyo CYC
25th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Incumbent
Assumed office July 23, 2018
President	Rodrigo Duterte
Preceded by	Pantaleon Alvarez
14th President of the Philippines
In office January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
Vice President	Teofisto Guingona (2001–2004) Noli de Castro (2004–2010)
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Benigno Aquino III
10th Vice President of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
President	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Teofisto Guingona
Secretary of National Defense Acting
In office November 30, 2006 – February 1, 2007
Preceded by	Avelino Cruz
Succeeded by	Hermogenes Ebdane
In office September 1, 2003 – October 2, 2003
Preceded by	Angelo Reyes
Succeeded by	Eduardo Ermita
Secretary of Social Welfare and Development
In office June 30, 1998 – October 12, 2000
President	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Lilian Laigo
Succeeded by	Dulce Saguisag
Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives
In office August 15, 2016 – March 15, 2017
President	Rodrigo Duterte
Preceded by	Roberto Puno
Succeeded by	Linabelle Villarica
Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Pampanga's 2nd district
Incumbent
Assumed office June 30, 2010
Preceded by	Mikey Arroyo
Senator of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
Personal details
Born	Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal (1947-04-05) April 5, 1947 (age 71) Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines
Political party	LDP (before 1998) KAMPI (1997–2009) Lakas-CMD I (1998–2009) Lakas-CMD II (2009–2017) PDP–Laban[1](2017–present)
Spouse(s)	Jose Miguel Arroyo (m. 1968)
Children	3, including Mikey and Dato
Education	Georgetown University Assumption College (BA) Ateneo de Manila University (MA) University of the Philippines, Diliman (PhD)
Signature
Website	Official website

This article is part of a series about Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Early Life Family 14th President of the Philippines Policies Foreign policy International trips Iraq War Visiting forces agreement US designation of the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally ASEAN Charter First term EDSA II 1st inauguration Presidency EDSA III Operation Freedom Eagle Oakwood mutiny Fertilizer Fund scam Second term Philippine presidential election, 2004 Hello Garci scandal 2nd inauguration Hacienda Luisita massacre 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing Executive Order 464 2006 state of emergency East Asian Energy Security Manila Peninsula siege Batasang Pambansa bombing Euro Generals scandal NBN/ZTE scandal 2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines Ketsana (Ondoy) Maguindanao massacre Senator of the Philippines Philippine Senator Vice President of the Philippines Philippine general election, 1998 DSWD secretary Post-Presidency Philippine House of Representatives election (2010) 2011 hospital arrest 2016 Supreme Court acquittal Deputy Speaker Speaker
v t e

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo CYC (born April 5, 1947)^[2] is a Filipino professor and politician who was the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 until 2010, as the 10th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, as the deputy speaker of the 17th Congress from 2016 to 2017, and a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga since 2010. She was the country's second female president (after Corazon Aquino), and the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal. Arroyo is also the first duly elected female Vice President of the Philippines.^[3] She currently serves as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, making her the first woman to hold the position.^[4]

Arroyo was a former professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University where eventual President Benigno Aquino III was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket.

After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced out from office by the Second EDSA Revolution in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20. She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial 2004 Philippine elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency, she was elected to the House of Representatives, making her the second Philippine president—after José P. Laurel—to pursue a lower office after their presidency.

On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following the filing of criminal charges against her for electoral fraud. She was held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage^[5][6] but released on bail in July 2012. She was rearrested while in the hospital on charges of misuse of $8.8 million in state lottery funds in October 2012.^[7] On July 19, 2016, she was acquitted by the Supreme Court by a vote of 11-4.^[8] Also, the Supreme Court declared the DOJ's hold departure order unconstitutional.^[9][10]

She has since been a member of the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language after she announced her support to bring back Spanish as an official language of the Philippines during her 9-year presidency.

In July 23, 2018, she was elected as the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines under the Duterte Administration, replacing Pantaleon Alvarez.^[11]

Contents

• 
  1 Early life
  


• 
  2 Senator
  


• 
  3 Vice Presidency (1998–2001)
  


• 
  4 Presidency (2001–2010)
  
  
  
  • 
    4.1 First Term (2001–2004)
    
    
    
    • 
      4.1.1 Succession
      
    
    
    • 
      4.1.2 Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny
      
    
    
    • 
      4.1.3 2004 Presidential Election
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    4.2 Second Term (2004–2010)
    
    
    
    • 
      4.2.1 2004 Presidential Election rigging allegations
      
    
    
    • 
      4.2.2 State of Emergency
      
    
    
    • 
      4.2.3 Charter Change
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    4.3 Economy
    
  
  
  • 
    4.4 Domestic policies
    
  
  
  • 
    4.5 Foreign policies
    
  
  
  • 
    4.6 Public perception
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  5 Post-presidency
  
  
  
  • 
    5.1 2010 Election to House of Representatives
    
  
  
  • 
    5.2 2011 Spinal surgery
    
  
  
  • 
    5.3 2011 Hospital arrest
    
  
  
  • 
    5.4 2013 Reelection to House of Representatives
    
  
  
  • 
    5.5 2014 Medical problems and Reapplication for bail
    
  
  
  • 
    5.6 2015 United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
    
  
  
  • 
    5.7 2016 Supreme Court acquittal
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  6 Scouting
  


• 
  7 Government and political titles
  


• 
  8 Honours and awards
  
  
  
  • 
    8.1 Foreign Honours
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  9 Ancestry
  
  
  
  • 
    9.1 Patrilineal descent
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  10 Notes
  


• 
  11 References
  


• 
  12 External links
  

Early life

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines, to politician Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Macaraeg Macapagal. She is the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal, Jr. She has two older siblings from her father's first marriage, Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.^[2] During summer vacations, she lived with her maternal grandmother in Iligan City.^[12][12] She is a skilled polyglot. She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Spanish, French, and several other Philippine languages, such as Kapampangan, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Pangasinense, Bikolano, and Cebuano.

In 1961, when Arroyo was just 14 years old, her father was elected as president. She moved with her family into Malacañang Palace in Manila. A municipality was named in her honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. where she was a classmate of future United States President Bill Clinton and achieved consistent Dean's list status.^[13] She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Assumption College, graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

In 1968, Arroyo married lawyer and businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, whom she had met while still a teenager.^[2] They had three children, Juan Miguel (born 1969), Evangelina Lourdes (born 1971) and Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born in 1974). She pursued a master's degree in Economics at the Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of the Philippines Diliman (1985).^[14] From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in several schools, notably the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University. She became chairperson of the Economics Department at Assumption College.

In 1987, she was invited by President Corazon Aquino to join the government as Assistant Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. She was promoted to Undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as Executive Director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s.

Senator

Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. At the first general election under the 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.^[15] Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, topping the senatorial election with nearly 16 million votes.

As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Export Development Act.^[2]

The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left-wing political groups.

Vice Presidency (1998–2001)

Arroyo considered a run for the presidency in the 1998 election, but was persuaded by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the administration party Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats to instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[16] Though the latter lost to popular former actor Joseph Estrada, Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.^[17]

Arroyo began her term as Vice President on June 30, 1998. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development.^[16]

Arroyo resigned from the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor from Ilocos Sur.^[18] She had initially resisted pressure from allies to speak out against Estrada,^[19] but eventually joined calls for Estrada's resignation.^[18]

Presidency (2001–2010)

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

First Term (2001–2004)

Succession

The last quarter of 2000 up to the first week of January 2001 was a period of political and economic uncertainty for the Philippines. On January 16, 2001, the impeachment trial also took a new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial when pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening of an evidence (a brown envelope) containing bank records allegedly owned by President Estrada. With the walkout, the impeachment trial was not completed and Filipinos eventually took to the streets in masses to continue the clamor for President Estrada's resignation.
From January 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the original People Power Revolution. The clamor for a change in the presidency gained momentum as various sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftist and rightist groups – joined what became known as EDSA II. Officials of the administration, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and the Philippine National Police (PNP) also withdrew their support for President Estrada.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo displayed on a two hundred peso bill, being sworn in as president by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. in January 2001.

Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers questioned the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency before the Supreme Court. He reiterated that he had not resigned as president and that at most, Arroyo was just serving in an acting capacity. The high court, however, voted unanimously to uphold the legitimacy of Arroyo's succession. As a consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him.

In the last week of April 2001, the Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest of Estrada and his son, then mayor Jinggoy Estrada, for plunder charges. A few days later, Estrada supporters protested his arrest, gathered at the EDSA Shrine, and staged what they called, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Power revolution of 1986 and January 2001.

Thousands of protesters demanded the release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the ouster of Arroyo and the reinstatement of the former. On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacañang to force Arroyo to give in to their demands. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the presidential palace and the military and police were ordered to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested. The so-called EDSA III was the first serious political challenge to the Arroyo presidency.

Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of 321 armed soldiers who called themselves "Bagong Katipuneros"^[20] led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower in Makati City to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal Arroyo administration, believing that the President was going to declare martial law.

2004 Presidential Election

Presidential styles of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Reference style	Her Excellency
Spoken style	Your Excellency
Alternative style	Madam President

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution explicitly states that the president of the Philippines can only serve for one term. However, the same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency. Although Arroyo fell under this category, she initially announced on December 30, 2002 that she would not seek the presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would devote her remaining months in office to serving the people and improving the economy of the Philippines.

In October 2003, Arroyo changed her mind and announced that she would contest the May 2004 presidential elections and seek a direct mandate from the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause to change society...in a way that nourishes our future". With her decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on her lack of word of honor.

As predicted by SWS exit polls, Arroyo won the election by a margin of over one million votes against Poe. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition lawmakers in the National Board of Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the election returns and that insinuations of cheating were raised. On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Arroyo and Noli de Castro as president and vice president, respectively.

Second Term (2004–2010)

2004 Presidential Election rigging allegations

Arroyo taking her Oath of Office for a full term as president before Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. in Cebu City on June 30, 2004.

On June 30, 2004, in a break with tradition, Arroyo first delivered her inaugural speech at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila. She then departed for Cebu City for her oath taking, the first time that a Philippine president took the oath of office outside of Luzon.

Allegations of cheating against Arroyo gained momentum one year after the May 2004 elections. In a press conference held on June 10, 2005, Samuel Ong, former deputy director of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as the official talking to Arroyo. According to Ong, the recordings allegedly proved that Arroyo ordered the rigging of the national elections for her to win by around one million votes against Poe.

The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members of her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Arroyo to do the same. On June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the outcome of the elections and declared that she won the elections fairly. Arroyo did not resign despite the pressures coming from various sectors of society.

The Hello Garci controversy became the basis of the impeachment case filed against Arroyo in 2005.
Attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year. Another impeachment case was filed against Arroyo in 2006 but was also defeated at the House of Representatives.

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment complaint against Arroyo in connection with the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on the revelation of Pampanga Governor Ed Panlilio that various governors received half a million pesos from Malacañang. The impeachment case, as of the middle of October 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice.

State of Emergency

Main article: 2006 state of emergency in the Philippines

President Arroyo with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, June 9, 2009

On February 24, 2006, a plot to take over the government was uncovered by authorities, allegedly headed by Gen. Danilo Lim and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some of his men were arrested. To face the threat posed by enemies of the state, Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 (PP 1017) and used it as basis in declaring a state of emergency throughout the Philippines. According to Arroyo, this declaration was done to quell the military rebellion, stop lawless violence, and promote peace and stability. PP 1017 also empowered the government to enforce warrantless arrests and take over strategic private utilities companies.

On February 25, 2006, the police raided the office of the Daily Tribune, a newspaper known as a critic of the Arroyo administration. The government then issued a journalism guidelines to address the threat posed by critics in the media. Presidential Management Staff chief Michael Defensor said that the guidelines were necessary in order to cope with the emergency situation.

The state of emergency existed for about one week with the purpose of curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout the Philippines. The police and the military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Aside from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in connection with their alleged participation in the attempt to overthrow the government. Among those arrested were:

1. Col. Ariel Querubin – leader of a group of Philippine Marines who engaged the government in a political stand-off at Fort Bonifacio on February 25, 2005


2. 
   Randy David – led a protest rally without securing the necessary permit


3. 
   Crispin Beltran – party-list representative of Anakpawis charged with inciting to sedition and rebellion


4. Batasan Five – party-list representatives charged with rebellion and were placed under the custody of the House of Representatives; Bayan Muna's Teodoro Casiño, Satur Ocampo, and Joel Virador; Gabriela's Liza Maza, and Anakpawis' Rafael Mariano
   

PP 1017 was lifted on March 3, 2006 but members of the opposition, private lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Supreme Court. On May 4, the high court declared the proclamation constitutional. However, it also said that it was illegal for the government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions and companies.

Charter Change

Arroyo currently spearheads a controversial plan for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present unitary and presidential republic with a bicameral legislature into a federal parliamentary government with a unicameral legislature.^[21]

President Arroyo with U.S. President George W. Bush, May 19, 2003

Economy

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Economy

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in economics, made the Philippine economy the focus of her presidency. Annual economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administration, expanding every quarter of her presidency.^[22] This is higher than in the administrations of her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[23] The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%.^[24] The economy was one of the few to avoid contraction during the 2008 global financial crisis, faring better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry.^[22] Arroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from former US President Bill Clinton, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape.^[25] Despite this growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to a high population growth rate and uneven distribution of income.

A controversial expanded value added tax (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of the Arroyo administration's economic reform agenda, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[26] Her administration originally set a target to balance the national budget by 2010. The tax measure boosted confidence in the government's fiscal capacity and helped to strengthen the Philippine peso, making it East Asia's best performing currency in 2005–06.^[27] The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for that year, a fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers and a strong domestic economy.^[28]

Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more time with their families.

President Arroyo with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, February 17, 2009

Domestic policies

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies

Public perception

Social Weather Stations quarterly public opinion polling of the net satisfaction rating of President Arroyo.

The Social Weather Stations public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the net satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating minus "dissatisfied" rating") of President Arroyo. She began her presidency in the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction rating of +24. Her rating first dipped into the negative in the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only president to achieve a negative net satisfaction rating in SWS opinion polling. Her rating rebounded well into the positive in 2004, in time for the presidential election where she won election to a new six-year term. However, net satisfaction sunk back into negative territory in the fourth quarter of 2004, and has remained negative since, dipping as low as −38 in the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating in the first quarter of 2009 was −32.^[29]

Post-presidency

2010 Election to House of Representatives

In November 2009, Arroyo formally declared her intention to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga, making her the second Philippine President – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower office after the expiration of their presidency.^[30] A petition seeking to disqualify Arroyo from the race was dismissed by the Comelec for lack of merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Supreme Court.^[31] With little serious competition, she was elected to congress in May 2010 with a landslide victory.^[32] After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony of incoming President Benigno Aquino III, she headed straight to Pampanga for her own oath-taking as congresswoman.^[33]

Despite being considered the strongest contender for Speaker of the House, Arroyo declined to seek the position, hoping instead to take on a role similar to Sonia Gandhi, who was influential as merely the head of her party.^[34] On her first day as a lawmaker, Arroyo and her son Dato filed a resolution calling for Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose amendments to the existing constitution.^[35]

2011 Spinal surgery

In early 2011 she was diagnosed with cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed to the St. Luke's Medical Center in Global City Taguig July 25, 2011, minutes after the State of the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[36] Doctors performed a 5-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011^[37] Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011 which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism. The House of Representatives under the leadership of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. issued a travel permit allowing her to have treatment in Germany despite the Department of Justice hold departure order.^[38]

2011 Hospital arrest

Arroyo was arrested on November 18, 2011 after a Pasay court issued a warrant of arrest against her, following the filing of a complaint for electoral sabotage by the Commission on Elections.^[39] The arrest warrant was served at a St. Luke's Medical Center at Taguig where Arroyo had been confined.^[40][41] Days earlier, the Supreme Court had issued a Resolution enjoining attempts by the Department of Justice to prevent her departure from the Philippines to seek medical treatment overseas.^[42]

She was transferred to the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on December 9, 2011.^[5][6] Arroyo was released from hospital arrest on bail on July 25, 2012.^[43]

On October 29, 2012, she refused to enter any plea on charges she misused $8.8 million in state lottery funds during her term in office.^[44] As of December 2013, she was still in custody at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center.^[45] On July 19, 2016 the Supreme Court dismissed the corruption charges and ordered her release from the hospital where she had been detained since 2012.^[46]

2013 Reelection to House of Representatives

While still confined in the Veterans Medical Center, Arroyo successfully earned a second term as congresswoman for Pampanga's second legislative district at the conclusion of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on 13 May 2013, defeating the ruling Liberal Party's Vivian Dabu who was the provincial administrator under priest-turned-politician former Governor Among Ed Panlilio.^[47]

2014 Medical problems and Reapplication for bail

Arroyo was transported to St. Luke's Medical Center for tests and treatment and returned to confinement at the Veteran's Medical Center after medical incidents in May and June 2014.^[48][49][50] In June, after the second of these incidents, her attorneys renewed application for bail.^[51] In September, a third medical incident caused her to again be rushed to St. Luke's for treatment and returned to confinement at the Veteran's Medical Center.^[52]

2015 United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention

In a case filed by human rights lawyer Amal Clooney, the UN Working Group decided Arroyo’s hospital detention arbitrary and violative of the international law on human rights. It recognized that the charges against Mrs. Arroyo were politically motivated since she was detained as a result of her exercise to take part in government and that the detention was arbitrary and illegal under international law because the Sandiganbayan court failed to take into account her individual circumstances when it repeatedly denied her bail.^[53]

2016 Supreme Court acquittal

On July 19, 2016, a few weeks after Duterte was sworn in as president, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the dismissal of plunder case against Arroyo, gathering a vote of 11-4 which was read by spokesperson Theodore Te.^[54][55]

Supreme Court decision on Arroyo's motion to dismiss plunder case
In Favor (11)	Opposed (4)
Presbitero Velasco Jr. Estela Bernabe Teresita Leonardo-De Castro Diosdado Peralta Lucas Bersamin Mariano del Castillo Jose P. Perez Jose C. Mendoza Bienvenido L. Reyes Arturo Brion Francis Jardeleza	Maria Lourdes Sereno Antonio Carpio Marvic Leonen Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa

She would later be assigned by Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as a high-level member of the House of Representatives after winning her 3rd term as congresswoman in the House. She was given committee chairmanships, among many other roles.

On July 23, 2018, via a majority manifesto and vote, she became Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, succeeding Pantaleon Alvarez.^[56]

Scouting

Arroyo is the Chief Girl Scout of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.^[57]

Government and political titles

• Undersecretary of Trade and Industry (1987–1992)


• Senator (1992–1998)


• Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (1998–2000)


• Vice President of the Philippines (1998–2001)


• President of the Philippines (2001–2010)


• Representative (2010–present)


• Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (2018–present)

Honours and awards

Foreign Honours

• 
   Brunei: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Family Order of Laila Utama of Brunei, 1st Class^[58][59]
  


• 
   Dominican Republic: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sanchez and Mella, Special Class^[60]
  


• 
   Equatorial Guinea: Grand Cross of the Order of Independence^[61]
  


• 
   Italy^{[further explanation needed]}
  


• 
    Vatican
  
  • 
     Holy See: Knight of the Decoration of Honour^[62]
    
  
  


• 
   Japan: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
  


• 
   Romania: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania^[63]
  


• 
   Spain: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic^{[64][65][66][67][68]}
  

Honorary Degrees

• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from La Trobe University in Australia (2000)^[69]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan (2002)^[70]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Old Dominion University in Virginia, United States (2003)^[2]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Fordham University (2003)^[71]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from University of San Francisco in California, United States (2004)^[72]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from Mapua Institute of Technology in Manila, Philippines (2004)^[2]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Kyungsung University in Pusan, South Korea (2005)^[73]
  


• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand^[74]
  

Recognitions

• Outstanding Human Being by Philippine Reporter Magazine, Weekly Graphic Magazine, Public Eye Magazine, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines, and by Emil Jurado (Manila Standard Columnist)


• Woman of the Year, Catholic Education Association of the Philippines


• Ulirang Ama, Ulirang Ama Awards Committee, 13 May 2001 One of Asia's Most Powerful Women, Asiaweek


• Making a Difference for the Filipino People, Soroptimist International of the Philippines Region, 30 May 2003


• Most Distinguished Alumna, University of the Philippines Alumni Association (UPAA), 16 June 2001


• 
  Time magazine's "People Who Mattered" list for 2005


• 
  Forbes magazine's 100 Most Powerful Woman in the World (from 2004 to 2009) – she ranked 4th in the 2005 list^[75]
  


• Member, Council of Women World Leaders
  


• 
  Don Quijote International Award (category: mejor labor institucional – Best institutional work) from Spain's King Juan Carlos (April 15, 2010)^[76][77]
  

Ancestry

.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}

Ancestors of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
8. Demetrio Macapagal 4. Urbano Macapagal 9. Escolastica Romero 2. Diosdado Macapagal 10. Atanasio Pangan 5. Romana Pangan 11. Teresa Antiveros 1. Gloria Macapagal 24. Mariano Macaraeg 12. Patricio Macaraeg 25. Balbina Dres 6. Juan Macaraeg 13. Filomena Guico 3. Evangelina Macaraeg 7. Gloria Macaraeg

Patrilineal descent

^{[additional citation(s) needed]}

Patrilineal descent

Arroyo's patriline is the line from which she is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations—which means that if Arroyo were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Kingdom of Tondo. (Note: sharif/syarif and ibn/bin are of similar usage.) Abraham (Ibrahim), around 2nd millennium BCE Ishmael (Ismail), 1720 BCE-1580 BCE Hadar Aram, date unknown 'Adwa, date unknown Wazzi, date unknown Sami, date unknown Zarih, date unknown Nahith, date unknown Muksar, date unknown Aiham, date unknown Afnad, date unknown Aisar, date unknown Deshan, date unknown Aid, date unknown Ar'awi, date unknown Yalhan, date unknown Yahzin, date unknown Sanbir, date unknown Hamdan, date unknown Ad-Da'a, date unknown 'Ubaid, date unknown 'Abqar, date unknown Aid, date unknown Makhi, date unknown Nahish, date unknown Jahim, date unknown Tabikh, date unknown Yadlaf, date unknown Bildas, date unknown Haza, date unknown Nashid, date unknown 'Awwam, date unknown Obai, date unknown Qamwwal, date unknown Buz, date unknown Aws, date unknown Salaman, date unknown[78] Umaisi, date unknown[79] Udadh bin Umaisi, 216 BCE-?[80] Udd bin Udadh, 151/157 BCE-?[81] Adnan bin Udd, 122 BCE-?[82] Ma'ad ibn Adnan, 89 BCE-?[83] Nizar ibn Ma'ad, 56 BCE-?[84] Mudar ibn Nizar, 23/31 BCE-?[85][84] Ilyas ibn Mudar, 2/10-?[86][84] Mudrikah ibn Ilyas, 43-?[84] Khuzaimah ibn Mudrikah, 68/76-?[87][84] Kinanah ibn Khuzayma, 109-?[88][84] An-Nadr ibn Kinanah, 142-?[89][84] Malik ibn al-Nadr, 175-?[90][84] Fihr ibn Malik, 208-?[91][84] Ghalib ibn Fihr, 241-?[92][84] Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib, 274-?[93][84] Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy, 307-?[94][84] Murrah ibn Ka'b, 340-?[95][84] Kilab ibn Murrah, 372/373-425[96][84] Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah, Governor of Mecca, 397/406-480[97][84] Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, 439/446-?[98][84] Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, 464-497[99][84] Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, grandfather of Muhammad, 480/497-578[100][84] Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad, 539-619[101] Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of Muhammad, 601-661[102] Al-Ḥasan ibn Alī ibn Abi Talib, 624-670[103] Sayyidina Al-Hasan al-Muthana, 650-735[104] Sayyidi Abdullah Al-Mahad Al-Kaamil ibn Hasan Al-Muthanna, dates unknown[105] Imam Syed Musa Al Jaun ibn Abdullah Al-Kaamil, dates unknown[106] Syarif Abdullah Al-Radhi, dates unknown[107] Sharif Musa At Thaani, dates unknown[108] Syarif Muhammad at-Tha'er al-Akbar Al-Hashimi, dates unknown[109] Syarif Abdullah Al-Akbar, dates unknown[110] Syarif Ali bin Abdullah Al Akbar, dates unknown[111] Syarif Sulaiman Syarif Ali Al Akbar, dates unknown[112] Syarif Husain Syed Sulaiman, dates unknown[113] Al Syarif Isa bin Syarif Husain, dates unknown[114] Syarif Abdul Karim bin Al-Syarif Isa, dates unknown[115] Syarif Mutaen ibn Syarif Abdul Karim, dates unknown[116] Syarif Idris ibn Syarif Mutaen, dates unknown[117] Syarif Qitadah ibn Syarif Idris, dates unknown[118] Syarif Ali bin ibn Syarif Qitadah, dates unknown[119] Al Syarif Abu Saad Hasan bin Syarif Ali, dates unknown[120] Mohammed Abu Numai (Muhammad Abu Numayy), dates unknown[121] Syarif Rumaithah bin Muhammad Abu Numayy, dates unknown[122] Syarif Ajlan bin Rumaytha, dates unknown[123] Sharif Ali ibn Ajlan ibn Rumaithah ibn Muhammad, ?-1432[124] Sultan Sulaiman ibn Ali ibn Ajlan, ?-1511[125] Sultan Bolkiah ibni ibni Sultan Sulaiman, 1481-1524[126] Rajah Lontok, dates unknown Rajah Sulaiman I, ?-1558[127] Rajah Lakan Dula, later Carlos Lakandula (or Lacandola), 1503–1589[128] Dionisio Capulong (Batang Dula), Datu of Candaba, dates unknown Juan Gonzalo Capulong, dates unknown[129] Don Juan Macapagal, Datu of Arayat, ?-1683[129] Sotero Macapagal, dates unknown Jose Payoan Macapagal, dates unknown[130] Pedro Muldung Macapagal, dates unknown[131] Quirino Paguio Macapagal, 1791-?[132] Demetrio Galang Macapagal, dates unknown[133] Urbano Romero Macapagal, 1883–1946[134] Diosdado Pangan Macapagal, 1910–1997[135] Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, b. 1947

Notes

References

1. 
   ^ Rosario, Ben (October 11, 2017). "Gloria joins ruling PDP Laban". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 11, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ ^abcdef "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo". Current Biography International Yearbook 2004. The H. W. Wilson Company. Archived from the original on April 18, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
   


3. 
   ^ Skard, Torild (2014) "Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" in Women of Power – Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Policy Press,
   ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0
   


4. 
   ^ "NEW SPEAKER? Gloria takes seat at House rostrum, Alvarez welcomes Duterte". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
   


5. 
   ^ ^ab "Arroyo arrives at VMMC". SunStar. December 9, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
   


6. 
   ^ ^ab Kathrina Alvarez (January 18, 2012). "Corona revealed bias vs President: Aquino ally". SunStar. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
   


7. 
   ^ Whaley, Floyd (October 4, 2012). "Philippines Ex-President Is Arrested in Hospital on New Charges". New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
   


8. 
   ^ "SC upholds Arroyo's plunder acquittal with finality". ABS-CBN. April 18, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
   


9. 
   ^ "SC: DOJ's watch list order unconstitutional". Philstar. April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
   


10. 
    ^ "SC declares DOJ 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional". Inquirer. April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
    


11. 
    ^ "House approves resolution formalizing Arroyo speakership". Rappler.
    


12. 
    ^ ^ab Spaeth, Anthony (January 29, 2001). "Glory, Gloria!". Time. Archived from the original on 2001-06-05. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
    


13. 
    ^ "Gloria Arroyo, The Most Powerful Women". Forbes. November 1, 2005. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
    


14. 
    ^ "President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Biography". Office of the President. Archived from the original on May 24, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
    


15. 
    ^ "Article 18: Transitory Provisions". The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
    


16. 
    ^ ^ab Malaya, J. Eduardo; Jonathan E. Malaya (2004). ...So Help Us God: The Presidents of the Philippines and Their Inaugural Addresses. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing. pp. 301–303. ISBN 971-27-1487-X.
    


17. 
    ^ "Results of the Past Presidential & Vice-Presidential Elections". The Philippine Presidency Project. Archived from the original on 2004-12-05. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
    


18. 
    ^ ^ab Estrada v. Arroyo,"G.R. No. 146710-15". Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved 2008-04-27. . (2001)
    


19. 
    ^ Mydans, Seth (October 13, 2000). "Philippine Vice President Quits Cabinet, Citing Scandal". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
    


20. 
    ^ Laurel, Herman T (February 22, 2006). "Small setback..." The Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
    


21. 
    ^ Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira (July 27, 2006). "People's support for Charter change 'nowhere to go but up'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2006-07-27. Retrieved July 27, 2006.
    


22. 
    ^ ^ab "Philippines". CIA World Factbook. 2011-03-08. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
    


23. 
    ^ http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=antonioAbaya_jan17_2008
    


24. 
    ^ "Philippines Economy Profile 2008". Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


25. 
    ^ "Arroyo shares spotlight with global leaders in forum". INQUIRER.net. 2007-10-11. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


26. 
    ^ Conde, Carlos H. (2005-07-04). "Arroyo facing a dilemma after voiding of new tax". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


27. 
    ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Philippines". cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


28. 
    ^ "Pacific Newsletter". Archived from the original on December 18, 2007.
    


29. 
    ^ "Social Weather Stations". Sws.org.ph. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


30. 
    ^ Dino Maragay (2009-11-30). "GMA gunning for House seat". Philippine Star. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    


31. 
    ^ Edu Punay; Marvin Sy; Delon Porcalla; Ric Sapnu (2010-02-24). "It's final: GMA can run for House seat". Philippine Star. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    


32. 
    ^ "Regional Election Results Tally: PAMPANGA". GMA News and Public Affairs. 2010-05-20. Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
    


33. 
    ^ Dreo Calonzo (2010-06-30). "Arroyo takes oath of office as Pampanga rep". GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    


34. 
    ^ Genalyn Kabiling; Ben Rosario (May 19, 2010). "Arroyo not interested in House Speakership". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    


35. 
    ^ Paolo Romero (2010-07-02). "GMA, son Dato file Cha-cha resolution". Philippine Star. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    


36. 
    ^ "GMA suffers from Cervical Spondylosis; what is it?". Retrieved 2011-07-29.
    


37. 
    ^ "Arroyo sons arrive at hospital hours before surgery". Retrieved 2011-07-29.
    


38. 
    ^ Pañares, Joyce Pangco; Araneta, Macon-Ramos. "Malacañang says Arroyo free to leave, not come back". Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
    


39. 
    ^ Matikas Santos (2011-11-18). "Warrant of arrest served on Arroyo". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
    


40. 
    ^ "Former Philippine president Arroyo arrested". Channel NewsAsia. Agence France-Presse. 2011-11-18.
    


41. 
    ^ "Philippines ex-leader Gloria Arroyo arrested for fraud". BBC News. 2011-11-18.
    


42. 
    ^ Edu Pinay (2011-11-15). "SC allows Arroyo treatment abroad". Philippine Star.
    


43. 
    ^ Shibani Mahtani (25 July 2012). "Ex-Philippine Leader Released". The Wall Street Journal. Manila. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
    


44. 
    ^ "Ex-Philippine Leader Pleads Not Guilty to Plunder". Associated Press. October 29, 2012.
    


45. 
    ^ News, ABS-CBN. "Visiting Gloria Arroyo? Here are the rules". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
    


46. 
    ^ Whaley, Floyd (2016-07-19). "Philippines Clears Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Ex-President, of Graft Charges". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
    


47. 
    ^ Dacanay, Barbara Mae (May 14, 2013). "Marcos and Arroyo win in Philippine polls". Gulf News. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
    


48. 
    ^ "Arroyo rushed to St. Luke's hospital due to bladder problems". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 3, 2014.
    


49. 
    ^ "Gloria Arroyo back in VMMC after medical procedure at St. Luke's". GMA News. May 2, 2014.
    


50. 
    ^ "Arroyo rushed to St. Luke's hospital due to bladder problems". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 3, 2014.
    


51. 
    ^ "Gloria Arroyo asks Sandiganbayan anew to grant her bail in PCSO plunder case". GMA News. July 2, 2014.
    


52. 
    ^ "Arroyo chokes on broccoli stem". September 22, 2014.
    


53. 
    ^ "UN body: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's detention arbitrary, illegal". Inquire.net. Inquirer. Oct 8, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
    


54. 
    ^ "Supreme Court rules to free former President Arroyo". CNNPhilippines.com. CNN Philippines. July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
    


55. 
    ^ "Supreme Court votes to free Arroyo". Manilatimes.net. The Manila Times. July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
    


56. 
    ^ https://www.rappler.com/nation/207944-alvarez-ousted-gloria-arroyo-new-speaker-house-of-representatives?utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1532332124
    


57. 
    ^ "Central Board". Girl Scouts of the Philippines. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
    


58. 
    ^ http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qsB4tPqUaDM/UKwVOiWfrdI/AAAAAAAACa8/Ny1s3avZWmI/s1600/wed+2+(2).jpg
    


59. 
    ^ http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QFsy1iICA4c/UKwUu141n_I/AAAAAAAACaM/9JDABAEyzrY/s1600/wed+1+(9).jpg
    


60. 
    ^ Merit Designs (May 4, 2011). "Presidente Fernandez condecora a ex presidenta de Filipinas, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo". presidencia.gob.do. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
    


61. 
    ^ "Arroyo arrives in Equatorial Guinea for 12-hour visit". GMA News Online. June 26, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
    


62. 
    ^ "PGMA gifts the Pope with a Santo Niño Dormido". cbcponline.net.
    


63. 
    ^ "DECRET nr. 123 din 4 februarie 2002 privind conferirea Ordinului national Steaua Romaniei, in grad de Colan" (in Romanian). Monitorul Oficial. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
    


64. 
    ^ "Real Decreto 1587/2007, de 30 de noviembre, por el que se concede el Collar de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a Su Excelencia señora Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Presidenta de Filipinas" (PDF) (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE). Retrieved 27 November 2015.
    


65. 
    ^ "Filipino recipients of Spanish Decorations".
    


66. 
    ^ http://c7.alamy.com/comp/GYB0X1/philippine-president-gloria-macapagal-arroyo-c-delivers-a-speech-as-GYB0X1.jpg
    


67. 
    ^ http://c7.alamy.com/comp/FK918E/epa01190627-king-of-spain-juan-carlos-2-r-and-queen-sofia-2-l-spanish-FK918E.jpg
    


68. 
    ^ http://c7.alamy.com/comp/GPNC6J/philippine-president-gloria-macapagal-arroyo-r-poses-with-spains-king-GPNC6J.jpg
    


69. 
    ^ "Curriculum Vitae – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo". Philippinecountry.com. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


70. 
    ^ "Waseda University – History". Waseda.jp. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


71. 
    ^ "Fordham University honorary degree for GMA". Philippine Headline News Online. 2003-05-22. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


72. 
    ^ "Philippines' Arroyo to be honored at USF". San Francisco Gate. 2004-11-18. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


73. 
    ^ "Famous Honorary Doctors". Google. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
    


74. 
    ^ https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjRQPa5O7hyphenhyphenuGhEsa_oPoFkuosIsN7Z_YTV7sNpH3hn3p-LkEZlWolLWZxt-7qE8_IhhtZ1jyAO1x_SmRFZ5bwi99a-0Hu_G4h2GvIdXIW0NqzKpj4Ki-qj7ZkLbnkr1GUcqGzuB_3x__N/s1600/phil-thai+8767383132+(43).jpg
    


75. 
    ^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women No. 4 Gloria Arroyo". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
    


76. 
    ^ Rodríguez Marcos, Javier (June 9, 2009). "Una lengua contra las fronteras". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved December 13, 2015.
    


77. 
    ^ Rodríguez Marcos, Javier (April 15, 2010). "Vargas Llosa y la presidenta de Filipinas reciben el Premio Don Quijote". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved December 13, 2015.
    


78. 
    ^ "Salaman". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


79. 
    ^ "Humaisi". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


80. 
    ^ "'Udadh ('Udaz) bin Esau (As-Sai')". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


81. 
    ^ "Imaam 'Udd bin 'Udadh". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


82. 
    ^ "'Adnaan ben Imaam 'Udd". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


83. 
    ^ "Imaam Ma'ad bin Imaam 'Adnaan". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


84. 
    ^ ^{abcdefghijklmnopqr} Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1995) [First published 1885]. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopaedia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together With the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 19. ISBN 978-81-206-0672-2. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
    


85. 
    ^ "Imaam Mudhir bin Imaam Nazaar". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


86. 
    ^ "Imaam Ilyaas (Habib) bin Imaam Mudhir". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


87. 
    ^ "Imaam Khuzaimah Imaam Mudrikah". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


88. 
    ^ "Imaam Kanaana Imaam Khuzaima". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


89. 
    ^ "Imaam an-Nazar "Qays" bin Imaam Kanaana". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


90. 
    ^ "Imaam Maalik Imaam an-Nazar". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


91. 
    ^ "Imaam Fihr (Quraysh) Imaam Maalik". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


92. 
    ^ "Imaam Ghaalib Imaam Fihr (Quraysh)". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


93. 
    ^ "Imaam Luwai Imaam Ghaalib". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


94. 
    ^ "Imaam Ka'ab Imaam Luwai". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


95. 
    ^ "Imaam Murrah Imaam Ka'ab". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


96. 
    ^ "Imaam Kilaab Imaam Murrah". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


97. 
    ^ "Imaam Quṣayy "Zayd" bin Imaam Kilaab, Custodian of Ka'aba". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


98. 
    ^ "Imaam 'Abd al-Manāf bin Imaam Quṣayy". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


99. 
    ^ "Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf ('Amr al-Ula)". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    


100. 
     ^ "ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


101. 
     ^ "Abū Ṭālib ibn 'Abd al-Muṭṭalib". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


102. 
     ^ "Sayyidina Ali ibn Abi Talib". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


103. 
     ^ "Hasan ibn Ali". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


104. 
     ^ "[Sayyidina] Hasan al-Muthanna bin [Imam] Hasan As-Sibti". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


105. 
     ^ "Sayyidi Abdullah Al-Mahad Al-Kaamil ibn Hasan Al-Muthanna". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


106. 
     ^ "Musa al-Jaun bin Abdullah al-Kaamil". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


107. 
     ^ "Syarif Abdullah Al-Radhi". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


108. 
     ^ "Sharif musa at thaani". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


109. 
     ^ "Muhammad at-Tha'er al-Akbar Al-Hashimi". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


110. 
     ^ "Abdullah Al-Akbar". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


111. 
     ^ "Syarif Ali bin Abdullah Al Akbar". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


112. 
     ^ "Syarif Sulaiman Syarif Ali Al Akbar". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


113. 
     ^ "Syarif Husain Syed Sulaiman". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


114. 
     ^ "Al Syarif Isa". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


115. 
     ^ "Syarif Abdul Karim". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


116. 
     ^ "Syarif Mutaen". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


117. 
     ^ "Syarif idris". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


118. 
     ^ "Syarif Qitadah ibn Syarif Idris". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


119. 
     ^ "syarif Ali ibn Syarif Qitadah". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


120. 
     ^ "Al syarif abu saad hasan bin ali". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


121. 
     ^ "Mohammed Abu Numai". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


122. 
     ^ "Syarif Rumaithah bin Muhammad Abu Numayy". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


123. 
     ^ "Syarif Ajlan bin Rumaytha". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


124. 
     ^ "Sultan Sharif Ali". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


125. 
     ^ "Sultan Sulaiman". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


126. 
     ^ "Bolkiah". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


127. 
     ^ "Sulaiman I". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


128. 
     ^ "The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman (1571-1898): Genealogy and Group Identity". Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. 18. 1990.
     


129. 
     ^ ^ab Archivo General de Indias (May 2, 1667). "Meritos: Juan Macapagal". Relación de Méritos y servicios de Juan Macapagal, indio principal, maestre de campo de la infantería de la nación Pampanga, en Filipinas. Observaciones: Ampliada hasta 1667-05-02.
     


130. 
     ^ "Jose Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


131. 
     ^ "Pedro Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


132. 
     ^ "Quirino Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


133. 
     ^ "Demetrio Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


134. 
     ^ "Urbano Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     


135. 
     ^ "Diosdado Macapagal". Geni. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
     

External links

• 
  Philippines portal
  


• 
  Biography portal
  

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• House Of Representatives – The 15th Congress – Member Profile


• President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo official website


• Reporter's Notebook: Ang Palasyo Reporter's Notebook Special, December 4, 2007


• Interactive timeline: The life of Gloria Arroyo, by abs-cbnNEWS.com

Offices and distinctions

Political offices Preceded by Joseph Estrada Vice President of the Philippines 1998–2001 Succeeded by Teofisto Guingona President of the Philippines 2001–2010 Succeeded by Benigno Aquino III Preceded by Teofisto Guingona Secretary of Foreign Affairs Acting 2002 Succeeded by Blas Ople Preceded by Angelo Reyes Secretary of National Defense Acting 2003 Succeeded by Eduardo Ermita Preceded by Franklin Ebdalin Acting Secretary of Foreign Affairs Acting 2003 Succeeded by Delia Albert Preceded by Avelino Cruz Secretary of National Defense Acting 2006–2007 Succeeded by Hermogenes Ebdane Preceded by Roberto Puno Deputy Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives 2016–2017 Succeeded by Linabelle Villarica Preceded by Pantaleon Alvarez Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines 2018–present Incumbent Party political offices Preceded by Jose de Venecia Leader of Lakas-CMD 2004–2009 Position abolished Parties merged into Lakas Kampi CMD Preceded by Luis Villafuerte Leader emeritus of Kampi 2004–2009 New political party Leader of Lakas Kampi CMD 2009 Succeeded by Gilbert Teodoro Preceded by Amelita Villarosa Acting Leader of Lakas Kampi CMD 2010–2011 Succeeded by Edcel Lagman Diplomatic posts Preceded by Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Chairperson of the ASEAN 2007 Succeeded by Lee Hsien Loong House of Representatives of the Philippines Preceded by Mikey Arroyo Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Pampanga's 2nd district 2010–present Incumbent Order of precedence Preceded by Benigno Aquino III as Former President Order of Precedence of the Philippines (Ceremonial) as Former President Succeeded by Joseph Estrada as Former President Preceded by Vicente Sotto III as President of the Senate of the Philippines Order of Precedence of the Philippines as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Succeeded by Vacant as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Lines of succession Preceded by Vicente Sotto III as President of the Senate of the Philippines Philippine presidential line of succession as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Last

v t e Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
14th President of the Philippines
Family	Eva Macaraeg and Diosdado Macapagal (parents) Jose Miguel Arroyo husband Mikey, Luli and Dato Arroyo (children) Arturo Macapagal (half-brother) Iggy Arroyo (brother-in-law) Jose Maria Arroyo (grandfather-in-law) Maria Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo (distant relative)
Education	Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Assumption College Ateneo de Manila University University of the Philippines School of Economics
Political career	Lakas ng Tao – Christian Muslim Democrats|Lakas-CMD Kampi Senate Vice-presidency DSWD secretary
Presidency	Succession EDSA II EDSA III 2004 elections Hello Garci scandal 2007 elections 2010 elections Landmark laws and agreements Executive Order 464 Natural disasters 2006 Southern Leyte mudslide Xangsane (Milenyo) Durian (Reming) 2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak Sinking of MV Princess of the Stars 2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines regions Ketsana (Ondoy) Office Dacer–Corbito double murder case Murder of Popoy Lagman Civil conflict in the Philippines Operation Freedom Eagle Oplan Bantay Laya (2001–10) Extrajudicial killings Philippine Nautical Highway System Oakwood mutiny Fertilizer Fund scam Hacienda Luisita massacre 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing 2006 state of emergency 2006 Central Mindanao bombings ULTRA Stampede Disappearance of Sherlyn Cadapan and Karen Empeño East Asian Energy Security Guimaras oil spill Manila Peninsula siege 2007 Basilan beheading incident Batasang Pambansa bombing 2007 Glorietta explosion Euro Generals NBN/ZTE scandal Northrail controversy 2009 Mindanao bombings 2009 Sulu kidnapping crisis National Artist controversy Lakas-Kampi-CMD merger Maguindanao massacre Diplomatic incidents/ International relations Presidential trips Visiting forces agreement US designation of the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally Iraq War Multi-National Force – Iraq Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz Subic rape case ASEAN Charter
Related	Senators of the Philippines Vice-Presidents of the Philippines SONA Constituent assembly Constitutional convention
.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} Predecessor Joseph Ejercito Estrada, 13th President of the Philippines Successor Benigno S. Aquino III, 15th President of the Philippines

Articles related to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

v t e Presidents of the Philippines List First Republic (1899–1901) Emilio Aguinaldo Commonwealth (1935–46) Manuel L. Quezon Sergio Osmeña Manuel Roxas Second Republic (1943–44) José P. Laurel Third Republic (1946–73) Manuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos New Society (1973–81) Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic (1981–86) Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino Fifth Republic (1986–present) Corazon Aquino Fidel Ramos Joseph Estrada Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Benigno Aquino III Rodrigo Duterte v t e Vice Presidents of the Philippines (list) Commonwealth Sergio Osmeña Elpidio Quirino Third Republic Elpidio Quirino Fernando Lopez Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Emmanuel Pelaez Fernando Lopez Fourth Republic Salvador Laurel Fifth Republic Salvador Laurel Joseph Estrada Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Teofisto Guingona Jr. Noli de Castro Jejomar Binay Leni Robredo v t e Vice Presidents Succeeding Presidents Sergio Osmeña Elpidio Quirino Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Joseph Ejercito Estrada Gloria Macapagal–Arroyo v t e Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines American Insular Government Sergio Osmeña Manuel Roxas Quintín Paredes Commonwealth Gil Montilla José Yulo Second Republic Benigno Aquino Sr. Commonwealth (Restored) José Zulueta Eugenio Pérez Third Republic Eugenio Pérez José Laurel Jr. Daniel Romualdez Cornelio Villareal José Laurel Jr. Cornelio Villareal Second Dictatorship Querube Makalintal Fourth Republic Querube Makalintal Nicanor Yñiguez Fifth Republic Ramon Mitra Jr. Jose de Venecia Jr. Manny Villar Arnulfo Fuentebella Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Jose de Venecia Jr. Prospero Nograles Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Pantaleon Alvarez Gloria Macapagal Arroyo v t e Cabinet of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010) Vice-President Teofisto Guingona Jr. (2001-2004) Noli de Castro (2004-2010) Secretary of Agrarian Reform Horacio Morales (2001) Hernani Braganza (2001-2003) Roberto Pagdanganan (2003-2004) Jose Maria Ponce (2004) Rene Villa (2004-2005) Nasser C. Pangandaman (2005-2010) Secretary of Agriculture Domingo Panganiban (2001) Leonardo Montemayor (2001-2002) Luis Lorenzo, Jr. (2002-2004) Arthur C. Yap (2004-2005) Domingo Panganiban (2005-2006) Arthur C. Yap (2006-2010) Secretary of Budget and Management Emilia Boncodin 2001-2005 Romulo Neri 2005-2006 Rolando G. Andaya, Jr. 2006-2010 Secretary of Education Raul Roco (2001-2002) Edilberto de Jesus (2002-2004) Florencio Abad (2004-2005) Ramon Bacani (2005) Fe Hidalgo (2005-2006) Jesli A. Lapus (2006-2010) Mona Valisno (2010) Secretary of Energy Jose Isidro Camacho (2001) Vincent S. Perez (2001-2005) Raphael Lotilla (2005-2007) Angelo Reyes (2007-2010) Jose Ibazeta (2010) Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources Heherson Alvarez (2001–2003) Eliza Gozun (2003-2004) Mike Defensor (2004-2006) Angelo Reyes (2006-2007) Jose L. Atienza Jr. (2007-2009) Horacio Ramos (2009-2010) Secretary of Finance Jose Pardo (2001) Alberto Romulo (2001) Jose Isidro Camacho (2001-2003) Juanita Amatong (2003-2005) Cesar Purisima (2005) Margarito Teves (2005-2010) Secretary of Foreign Affairs Teofisto Guingona, Jr. (acting capacity; 2001-2002) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (acting capacity; 2002) Blas Ople (2002-2003) Franklin Ebadlin (2003) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (acting capacity; 2003) Delia Albert (2003-2004) Alberto Romulo (2004-2010) Secretary of Health Manuel Dayrit (2001-2005) Francisco T. Duque III (2005-2009) Esperanza Cabral (2009-2010) Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Jose Lina, Jr. (2001-2004) Angelo Reyes (2004-2006) Ronaldo V. Puno (2006-2010) Secretary of Justice Artemio Tuquero (2001) Hernando Perez (2001-2002) Merceditas Gutierrez (2002-2003) Simeon Datumanong (2003) Merceditas Gutierrez (2003-2004) Raul Gonzales (2004-2009) Agnes Devanadera (2009-2010) Alberto Agra (2010) Secretary of Labor and Employment Patricia Santo Tomas (2001-2006) Arturo Brion (2006-2008) Marianito D. Roque (2008-2010) Secretary of National Defense Orlando Mercado (2001) Angelo Reyes (2001-2003) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (acting capacity; 2003) Eduardo Ermita (2003-2004) Avelino Cruz, Jr. (2004-2006) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (acting capacity; 2006-2007) Hermogenes Ebdane Jr. (2007) Norberto Gonzales (2007) Gilberto C. Teodoro Jr. 2007–2009 Norberto Gonzales (2009–2010) Secretary of National Defense Simeon Datumanong (2001-2003) Bayani Fernando (2003) Florante Soriquez (2003-2005) Hermogenes Ebdane Jr. (2005-2007) Manuel Bonoan (2007) Hermogenes Ebdane Jr. (2007-2009) Victor Domingo (2009-2010) Secretary of Science and Technology Estrella F. Alabastro (2001–2010) Secretary of Social Welfare and Development Corazon Soliman (2001-2005) Esperanza Cabral (2005-2009) Celia Yangco (2009-2010) Secretary of Tourism Richard Gordon (2001-2004) Robert Ace Barbers (2004) Roberto M. Pagdanganan (2004-2005) Joseph Ace H. Durano (2005-2010) Secretary of Trade and Industry Manuel Roxas II (2001-2003) Cesar Purisima (2004-2005) Juan Santos (2005) Peter B. Favila (2005-2010) Jesli Lapus (2010) Secretary of Transportation and Communications Pantaleon Alvarez (2001-2002) Leandro Mendoza (2002-2010) Anneli Lontoc (2010) Executive Secretary Renato de Villa (2001) Alberto Romulo (2001-2004) Eduardo Ermita (2004-2010) Leandro Mendoza (2010) Presidential Spokesperson Elena Bautista-Horn (2001-2010) Press Secretary Jesus G. Dureza (2001-2010 Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education Carlito Puno (2001-2007) Romulo Neri (2007-2008) Emmanuel Angeles (2008-2010) Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority Dante Canlas (2001-2002) Romulo Neri (2002-2005) Augusto Santos (2005-2006) Romulo Neri (2006-2007) Augusto Santos (2007-2008) Ralph Recto (2008-2009) Augusto Santos (2009-2010) Solicitor General Simeon V. Marcelo (2001-2002) Carlos N. Ortega (2002) Alfredo Benipayo (2002-2006) Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura (2006-2007) Agnes Devanadera (2007-2010) Alberto Agra (2010) Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Benjamin Abalos (2001–2002) Bayani Fernando (2002–2009) Oscar Inocentes (2009–2010) National Security Adviser Noberto Gonzales (2001-2010) v t e Candidates in the Philippine presidential election, 2004 Presidential candidates Winner Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–CMD) Other candidates Fernando Poe Jr. (KNP) (campaign) Panfilo Lacson LDP Raul Roco (Aksyon) Eddie Villanueva BPP Vice presidential candidates Winner Noli de Castro (Independent) Other candidates Loren Legarda KNP Herminio Aquino (Aksyon) Rodolfo Pajo (Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa) v t e Candidates in the Philippine presidential election, 1998 Presidential candidates Winner Joseph Estrada (LAMMP/PMP) Other candidates Jose de Venecia Jr. (Lakas) Raul Roco Aksyon Emilio Mario Osmeña (PROMDI) Alfredo Lim (Liberal) Renato de Villa Reporma-LM Miriam Defensor Santiago (PRP) Juan Ponce Enrile (Independent) Santiago Dumlao (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago) Manuel Morato Partido Bansang Marangal Vice presidential candidates Winner Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas) Other candidates Edgardo Angara (LAMMP/LDP) Oscar Orbos Reporma-LM Sergio Osmeña III (Liberal) Francisco Tatad PRP Ismael Sueno (PROMDI) Irene Santiago Aksyon Camilo Sabio (Partido Bansang Marangal) Reynaldo Pacheco (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago) Senatorial history of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo v t e <8th Senators of the 9th Congress of the Philippines (1992-1995) 10th> Senate President Neptali Gonzales (1992-93) Edgardo Angara (1993-95) Three Year Term Senators‡ (1992-1995) Full Term Senators‡ (1992-1998) Agapito A. Aquino Rodolfo G. Biazon Anna Dominique M. Coseteng Teofisto Guingona Jr. Jose Lina Jr. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo John Henry Osmeña Nina Rasul Raul Roco Wigberto Tañada Francisco Tatad Arturo Tolentino Heherson Alvarez Edgardo Angara Neptali Gonzales Ernesto Herrera Ernesto Maceda Orlando Mercado Blas Ople Ramon Revilla Sr. Alberto Romulo Leticia Ramos-Shahani Tito Sotto Freddie Webb Term ended June 30, 1995 Term ended June 30, 1998 ‡ — Under the transitory provisions of the Philippine constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a 6 six year term while the next 12 senators would have a 3 year term. v t e <9th Senators of the 10th Congress of the Philippines (1995–1998) 11th> Senate President Neptali Gonzales (1995–1996, 1998) Ernesto Maceda (1996–1998) Senior Senators (1992–1998) Junior Senators (1995–2001) Heherson Alvarez Edgardo Angara Neptali Gonzales Ernesto Herrera Ernesto Maceda Orlando Mercado Blas Ople Ramon Revilla Sr. Alberto Romulo Leticia Ramos-Shahani Tito Sotto Freddie Webb Nikki Coseteng Franklin Drilon Juan Ponce Enrile Marcelo Fernan† Juan Flavier Gregorio Honasan Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Ramon Magsaysay Jr. Sergio Osmeña III Raul Roco Miriam Defensor Santiago Francisco Tatad Term ended June 30, 1998 Term ended June 30, 2001 † — Position vacated when Fernan died in 1999.

Authority control	WorldCat Identities GND: 130800155 ISNI: 0000 0000 7872 6865 LCCN: n00902393 NKC: js20050704007 NLA: 48220834 SUDOC: 224236946 VIAF: 6047665

This page is only for reference, If you need detailed information, please check here