种加词




种加词（英文：specific epithet），又称种小名，指双名法中物种名的第二部分，另一部分为属名。


在植物学名命名法中，“种名”指的是物种的完整学名，而在动物学名命名法中，“种名”既可以指种本名，也可以指学名。


例：智人的学名为Homo sapiens，此为种名，由两部分组成：Homo是属名，sapiens是种名（种本名）。

在语法上，双名法学名（三名法学名也是如此）必须被视作拉丁语词组，所以种名常被称作“拉丁名”，不过更准确的说法是“学名”。在拉丁语法中，种加词可以是：



  • 属名的同位名词：Panthera leo。两部分的词性不必一致，通常是俗名或者是相似生物体的属名或种加词。

  • 所有格。

    • 这种命名在寄生虫中很常见：Xenos vesparum（“胡蜂”的Xenos）

    • 人名和地名也在所有格中使用：Latimeria chalumnae，種名 Latimeria 是首次辨認出此種的科學家瑪羅麗·考特內-拉蒂邁（Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer）的名稱；而種加詞 Chalumnae 即指查朗那河（Chalumna river），非洲矛尾魚首次被發現的地方。



  • 形容词，需与属的词性一致：Felis silvestris（“森林”的貓）



参见




  • 国际动物命名法规: (第四版，英文线上版)

  • 国际动物命名法规(中文版)第二章文件5.1


  • 国际藻类、真菌、植物命名法规:第三章第四节文件23



參考文獻


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  • Banks, Nathan. The Entomological Code. a Code of Nomenclature for Use in Entomology. BiblioBazaar. 2009. ISBN 1-113-26677-5. 


  • Matthews, Janice R.; Bowen, John M.; Matthews, Robert W. Successful scientific writing: a step-by-step guide for the biological and medical sciences. Cambridge University Press. 2000: 176. ISBN 0-521-78962-1. 









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