Chicago metropolitan area







Metropolitan region in    , United States

























































Chicago Metropolitan Area
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA
Metropolitan region

Chicago
Chicago

Coordinates: 41°54′N 87°39′W / 41.900°N 87.650°W / 41.900; -87.650Coordinates: 41°54′N 87°39′W / 41.900°N 87.650°W / 41.900; -87.650
Country
 United States
State(s)



  •  Illinois


  •  Indiana


  •  Wisconsin


Principal cities



  •  Chicago

  •  - Aurora

  •  - Elgin

  •  - Hammond

  •  - Joliet

  •  - Kenosha

  •  - Michigan City

  •  - Naperville


Area
 • Metro
10,856 sq mi (28,120 km2)
Highest elevation[1]
673 ft (205 m)
Lowest elevation[1]
579 ft (176 m)
Population (2015 estimate)
 • Metropolitan region
9,472,676
 • Density 1,318/sq mi (509/km2)
  Ranked 3rd in the US
Time zone
UTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC−5 (CDT)
Area codes
219, 224/847, 262, 312/872, 331/630, 574, 708, 773/872 and 779/815

The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs. With an estimated CSA population of 9.9 million people and an MSA population of 9.5 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States.[2]


The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest and most diversified economies, with more than four million employees and generating an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion. The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500.[3]


There are several definitions of the area, including the area defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and the area under the jurisdiction of the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) (a metropolitan planning organization).




Contents






  • 1 Definitions


    • 1.1 Metropolitan statistical area


    • 1.2 Combined Statistical Area


    • 1.3 United Nations' Chicago urban agglomeration


    • 1.4 Chicagoland


    • 1.5 Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning




  • 2 Geography and environment


  • 3 Demographics


  • 4 Population


    • 4.1 Principal municipalities


      • 4.1.1 Over 1,000,000 population


      • 4.1.2 Over 200,000 population


      • 4.1.3 Over 100,000 population


      • 4.1.4 Over 50,000 population




    • 4.2 Urban areas within the Chicago CSA




  • 5 Economy


  • 6 Transportation


    • 6.1 Major airports


    • 6.2 Commercial ports


    • 6.3 Rail and transit systems


    • 6.4 Major highways


      • 6.4.1 Interstates


      • 6.4.2 Other main highways


      • 6.4.3 Major corridors






  • 7 Culture


    • 7.1 Sports


    • 7.2 Cuisine


    • 7.3 Media




  • 8 Education


  • 9 Area codes


    • 9.1 Proposed overlays




  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 Further reading


  • 13 External links





Definitions



Metropolitan statistical area


The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950. It comprised the Illinois counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County in Indiana. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Chicago MSA, now defined as the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the third largest MSA by population in the United States. The 2015 census estimate for the MSA was 9,532,569, a decline from 9,543,893 in the 2014 census estimate.[4] This loss of population has been attributed to taxes, political issues, and other factors.[5]


The Chicago MSA is further subdivided by state boundaries into the Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division, corresponding roughly to the CMAP region; the Gary, IN Metropolitan Division consisting of the Indiana counties of Lake and Porter, as well as two surrounding counties; and the Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division.


A breakdown of the 2009 estimated populations of the three Metropolitan Divisions of the MSA are as follows:[6]





  • Chicago-Aurora-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division (7,998,257)


    • Cook County (5,287,037)


    • DeKalb County (107,333)


    • DuPage County (932,541)


    • Grundy County (48,421)


    • Kane County (511,892)


    • Kendall County (104,821)


    • McHenry County (320,961)


    • Will County (685,251)




  • Gary, IN Metropolitan Division (709,265)


    • Jasper County (IN) (33,520)


    • Lake County (IN) (496,478)


    • Newton County (IN) (14,250)


    • Porter County (IN) (165,017)




  • Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division (877,949)


    • Lake County (IL) (712,567)


    • Kenosha County (WI) (165,382)






Combined Statistical Area


The OMB also defines a slightly larger region as a Combined Statistical Area (CSA). The Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Combined Statistical Area combines the metropolitan areas of Chicago, Michigan City (in Indiana), and Kankakee (in Illinois). This area represents the extent of the labor market pool for the entire region. The CSA has a population of 9,928,312 (2014 estimate).[2]



United Nations' Chicago urban agglomeration


The Chicago urban agglomeration, according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report (2011 revision), lists a population of 9,545,000.[7] The term "urban agglomeration" refers to the population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels. It usually incorporates the population in a city plus that in the surrounding area.



Chicagoland




Chicagoland by county and state.[8]




A map of Chicagoland in relation to the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana.


Chicagoland is an informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The term Chicagoland has no official definition, and the region is often considered to include areas beyond the corresponding MSA, as well as portions of the greater CSA.[citation needed]


Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, usually gets credit for placing the term in common use.[9][10] McCormick's conception of Chicagoland stretched all the way to nearby parts of four states (Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Iowa).[9] The first usage was in the Tribune's July 27, 1926 front page headline, "Chicagoland's Shrines: A Tour of Discoveries", for an article by reporter James O'Donnell Bennett.[11] He stated that Chicagoland comprised everything in a 200-mile (320 km) radius in every direction and reported on many different places in the area. The Tribune was the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching to the west of the city, and that hinterland was closely tied to the metropolis by rail lines and commercial links.[12]


Today, the Chicago Tribune's usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties (Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will, and Kankakee), and the two Indiana counties of Lake and Porter.[13] Illinois Department of Tourism literature uses Chicagoland for suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties,[14] treating the city separately. The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties.[15]


In addition, company marketing programs such as Construction Data Company's[16] "Chicago and Vicinity" region and the Chicago Automobile Trade Association's "Chicagoland and Northwest Indiana" advertising campaign are directed at the MSA itself, as well as LaSalle, Winnebago (Rockford), Boone, and Ogle counties in Illinois, in addition to Jasper, Newton, and La Porte counties in Indiana and Kenosha, Racine, and Walworth counties in Wisconsin, and even as far northeast as Berrien County, Michigan. The region is part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, containing an estimated 54 million people.[citation needed]



Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning



Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) is an Illinois state agency responsible for transportation infrastructure, land use, and long term economic development planning for the areas under its jurisdiction within Illinois.[17] The planning area has a population of over 8 million, which includes the following locations in Illinois:[18]




  • Cook County

  • DuPage County

  • Kane County

  • Kendall County

  • Lake County

  • McHenry County

  • Will County





The Chicago skyline



The Chicago skyline



Geography and environment



The city of Chicago lies in the Chicago Plain, a flat and broad area characterized by little topographical relief. The few low hills are sand ridges. North of the Chicago Plain, steep bluffs and ravines run alongside Lake Michigan.


Along the southern shore of the Chicago Plain, sand dunes run alongside the lake. The tallest dunes reach up to near 200 feet (61 m) and are found in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Surrounding the low plain are bands of moraines in the south and west suburbs. These areas are higher and hillier than the Chicago Plain. A continental divide, separating the Mississippi River watershed from that of the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River, runs through the Chicago area.


A 2012 survey of the urban trees and forests in the seven county Illinois section of the Chicago area found that 21% of the land is covered by the tree and shrub canopy, made up of about 157,142,000 trees. The five most common tree species are buckthorn, green ash, boxelder, black cherry, and American elm. These resources perform important functions in carbon storage, water recycling, and energy saving.[19][20]



The Chicago skyline



Night aerial view of Chicago and vicinity, from Gary, Indiana, on the right, through Waukegan, Illinois, Kenosha, Wisconsin, Racine, Wisconsin and Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the distance at upper left.



Demographics




Airborne view of the dense southern part of Chicago, running alongside Lake Michigan. Downtown Chicago is at the far left by the lake in the photo.


As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 9,729,825. The population density was 1,318 per square mile.
The racial makeup was 52.8% Non-Latino White, 22.1% were Latino, 16.7% were Non-Latino African Americans, and 6.4% were Asian. Other ethnic groups such as Native Americans and Pacific Islanders made up just 2.0% of the population.
[21]
The suburbs, surrounded by easily annexed flat ground, have been expanding at a tremendous rate since the early 1960s. Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Naperville are noteworthy for being four of the few boomburbs outside the Sun Belt, West Coast and Mountain States regions, and exurban Kendall County ranked as the fastest-growing county (among counties with a population greater than 10,000) in the United States between the years 2000 and 2007.[22]


Settlement patterns in the Chicago metropolitan area tend to follow those in the city proper: the northern suburbs along the shore of Lake Michigan are comparatively affluent, while the southern suburbs (sometimes known as Chicago Southland) are less so, with lower median incomes and a lower cost of living. However, there is a major exception to this. While Chicago's West Side is the poorest section of the city, the western and northwestern suburbs contain many affluent areas. According to the 2000 Census, DuPage County had the highest median household income of any county in the Midwestern United States.


According to the 2000 U.S. Census, poverty rates of the largest counties from least poverty to most are as follows: McHenry 3.70%, Dupage 5.9%, Will 6.7%, Lake 6.9%, Kane 7.4%, Cook 14.5%.


In an in-depth historical analysis, Keating (2004, 2005) examined the origins of 233 settlements that by 1900 had become suburbs or city neighborhoods of the Chicago metropolitan area. The settlements began as farm centers (41%), industrial towns (30%), residential railroad suburbs (15%), and recreational/institutional centers (13%). Although relations between the different settlement types were at times contentious, there also was cooperation in such undertakings as the construction of high schools.



Population


As the Chicago metropolitan area has grown, more counties have been partly or totally assimilated with the taking of each decennial census.




















































































































































































































Census Area


2010 Census

2000 Census

1990 Census

1980 Census

1970 Census

1960 Census

1950 Census

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI

MSA

9,461,105

9,098,316

8,065,633

7,869,542

7,612,314

6,794,461

5,495,364

Cook County, Illinois
MSA
5,194,675
5,376,741
5,105,067
5,253,655
5,492,369
5,129,725
4,508,792

DeKalb County, Illinois
MSA
105,160
88,969
77,932
74,624
71,654
51,714
40,781

DuPage County, Illinois
MSA
916,924
904,161
781,666
658,835
491,882
313,459
154,599

Grundy County, Illinois
MSA
50,063
37,535
32,337
30,582
26,535
22,350
19,217

Kane County, Illinois
MSA
515,269
404,119
317,471
278,405
251,005
208,246
150,388

Kendall County, Illinois
MSA
114,736
54,544
39,413
37,202
26,374
17,540
12,115

McHenry County, Illinois
MSA
308,760
260,077
183,241
147,897
111,555
84,210
50,656

Will County, Illinois
MSA
677,560
502,266
357,313
324,460
249,498
191,617
134,336

Jasper County, Indiana
MSA
33,478
30,043
24,960
26,138
20,429
18,842
17,031

Lake County, Indiana
MSA
496,005
484,564
475,594
522,965
546,253
513,269
368,152

Newton County, Indiana
MSA
14,244
14,566
13,551
14,844
11,606
11,502
11,006

Porter County, Indiana
MSA
164,343
146,798
128,932
119,816
87,114
60,279
40,076

Lake County, Illinois
MSA
703,462
644,356
516,418
440,372
382,638
293,656
179,097

Kenosha County, Wisconsin
MSA
166,426
149,577
128,181
123,137
117,917
100,615
75,238

Kankakee County, Illinois
CSA
113,449
103,833
96,255
102,926
97,250
92,063
73,524

LaPorte County, Indiana
CSA
111,467
110,106
107,066
108,632
105,342
95,111
76,808

Chicago- Naperville- Joliet, IL-IN-WI

CSA

9,686,021

9,312,255

8,385,397

8,264,490

8,089,421

7,204,198

5,911,816

Counties highlighted in gray were not included in the MSA for that census.
The CSA totals in blue are the totals of all the counties listed above, regardless of whether they were included in the Chicago Combined Statistical Area at the time.[23]



Principal municipalities



Over 1,000,000 population



  • Chicago, Illinois (2,695,598 within the city limits)


Over 200,000 population



  • Aurora, Illinois (200,661 within the city limits)


Over 100,000 population





  • Elgin, Illinois


  • Joliet, Illinois


  • Kenosha, Wisconsin


  • Naperville, Illinois




Over 50,000 population





  • Arlington Heights, Illinois


  • Berwyn, Illinois


  • Bolingbrook, Illinois


  • Cicero, Illinois


  • Des Plaines, Illinois


  • Evanston, Illinois


  • Gary, Indiana


  • Hammond, Indiana


  • Mount Prospect, Illinois


  • Oak Lawn, Illinois


  • Oak Park, Illinois


  • Orland Park, Illinois


  • Palatine, Illinois


  • Schaumburg, Illinois


  • Skokie, Illinois


  • Tinley Park, Illinois


  • Waukegan, Illinois


  • Wheaton, Illinois





View of Chicago greater metropolitan region and the dense downtown area from the Willis Tower



View of Chicago greater metropolitan region and the North branch of the Chicago River from the Willis Tower



Urban areas within the Chicago CSA


Within the boundary of the 16-county Chicago Consolidated Statistical Area lies the Chicago urban area, as well as 27 smaller urban areas and clusters. Smallest gap indicates the shortest distance between the given urban area or cluster and the Chicago urban area.[24]




The extent of the 16-county Chicago CSA (in black) and the 16 counties that share a border with the Chicago CSA (in gray), with counties divided into Minor Civil Divisions. In Illinois and Indiana, townships are intermediate between counties and municipalities (with the latter lying within townships and crossing township borders, while in Michigan and Wisconsin, townships are municipal equivalents.











































































































































































































































Rank
Urban area
type
Population
(2000 census)
Land area
(km²)
Smallest gap
(km)
1
Chicago-Aurora-Elgin-Joliet-Waukegan, IL-IN
UA
8,307,904
5,498.1
n/a
2
Round Lake Beach-McHenry-Grayslake, IL-WI^ †
UA
226,848
344.9
2
3
Kenosha, WI †
UA
110,942
109.2
1
4
Michigan City-LaPorte, IN-MI^^ †
UA
66,199
86.1
3
5
Kankakee-Bradley-Bourbonnais, IL
UA
65,073
71.5
>10
6
DeKalb-Sycamore, IL
UA
55,805
46.3
>10
7
Woodstock, IL †
UC
20,219
21.1
4
8
Morris, IL
UC
13,927
19.3
>10
9
Sandwich, IL^^^
UC
12,248
23.9
>10
10
Braidwood-Coal City, IL
UC
11,607
19.5
>10
11
Harvard, IL
UC
8,575
13.3
>10
12
Lakes of the Four Seasons, IN †
UC
8,450
12.5
4
13
Lowell, IN
UC
7,914
15.8
>10
14
Wilmington, IL
UC
7,107
20.8
>10
15
Manteno, IL
UC
7,106
9.4
>10
16
Marengo, IL
UC
6,854
8.6
>10
17
Rensselaer, IN
UC
6,096
10.9
>10
18
Plano, IL †
UC
5,911
6.5
3
19
Genoa, IL
UC
5,137
5.5
>10
20
Genoa City, WI-IL^^^^ †
UC
5,126
12.5
>10
21
Westville, IN
UC
5,077
4.4
>10
22
Hebron, IN
UC
4,150
11.7
>10
23
Momence, IL
UC
3,711
9.7
>10
24
Peotone, IL †
UC
3,358
3.5
9
25
Wonder Lake, IL †
UC
2,798
2.0
5
26
Monee, IL †
UC
2,787
3.7
3
27
Union Township, Porter County, IN †
UC
2,593
4.9
1
28
Hampshire, IL †
UC
2,591
2.0
6

The formerly distinct urban areas of Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Waukegan were absorbed into the Chicago UA as of the 2000 census.


† These urban areas and urban clusters are expected to be joined to the Chicago Urban Area by the next census in 2010.


^ The Round Lake Beach-McHenry-Grayslake, IL-WI UA extends into Walworth County, WI, which lies in the Milwaukee CSA.


^^ The Michigan City-LaPorte, IN-MI UA extends into Berrien County, MI, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.


^^^ The Sandwich, IL UC extends into LaSalle County, IL, which lies (for the moment) outside the Chicago CSA.


^^^^ The Genoa City, WI-IL UC extends into Walworth County, WI, which lies in the Milwaukee CSA.



Economy




Westward view from the Willis Tower in Chicago




The Chicago metropolitan area is home to the corporate headquarters of 57 Fortune 1000 companies, which includes Boeing, McDonald's, Motorola, Discover Financial Services, United Continental Holdings, Walgreens, and Aon among others, representing a diverse group of industries.[25] The area is a major global financial center, and Chicago is home to the largest futures exchange in the world, the CME Group (Chicago Mercantile Exchange). In March 2008, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange announced its acquisition of NYMEX Holdings Inc, the parent company of the New York Mercantile Exchange and Commodity Exchange. CME'S acquisition of NYMEX was completed in August 2008.


A key piece of infrastructure for several generations was the Union Stock Yards of Chicago, which from 1865 until 1971 penned and slaughtered millions of cattle and hogs into standardized cuts of beef and pork. This prompted poet Carl Sandburg to describe Chicago as the "Hog Butcher for the World".[26]


The Chicago area, meanwhile, began to produce significant quantities of telecommunications gear, electronics, steel, crude oil derivatives, automobiles, and industrial capital goods.


By the early 2000s, Illinois' economy had moved toward a dependence on high-value-added services, such as financial trading, higher education, logistics, and health care. In some cases, these services clustered around institutions that hearkened back to Illinois's earlier economies. For example, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, a trading exchange for global derivatives, had begun its life as an agricultural futures market.


In 2007, the area ranked first among U.S. metro areas in the number of new and expanded corporate facilities.[27] It ranked third in 2008, behind the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown and Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan areas,[28] and ranked second behind the New York metropolitan area in 2009.[29]


The Wall Street Journal summarized the Chicago area's economy in November 2006 with the comment that "Chicago has survived by repeatedly reinventing itself."[30]



Transportation


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O'Hare Airport





Chicago 'L' in the Loop





Metra surface rail




The Eisenhower Expressway with the Chicago Transit Authority Blue Line train





Major airports




  • Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)


  • Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)


  • General Mitchell International Airport (MKE) (located in the adjacent Milwaukee metropolitan area)


  • Gary/Chicago International Airport (GYY)


  • Chicago Rockford International Airport (RFD) (located in the adjacent Rockford metropolitan area)



Commercial ports



  • Port of Chicago

  • Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor



Rail and transit systems




  • Chicago Transit Authority trains, locally referred to as " the 'L' ", (after "elevated train") serving Chicago and the near suburbs


  • Pace Suburban Bus operates suburban bus and regional vanpool, paratransit and ridematching services in the Chicagoland region.

  • Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation, also known as Metra:

    • 4 lines serving southern Cook County and Will County

    • 3 lines serving western Cook County, DuPage County, and Kane County

    • 1 line serving northwestern Cook County and McHenry County

    • 3 lines serving northern Cook County and Lake County, with 1 line extending to Kenosha, Wisconsin




  • South Shore Line shares the Metra electric lines and connects Chicago to Gary, Michigan City, ending at South Bend, Indiana.


  • Amtrak operates Union Station which is the major Amtrak passenger rail hub with connections to Metra and the within a few blocks of connections to several 'L' lines.



Major highways



Interstates




  • Interstate 41 (I-41) runs concurrent with Interstate 94 at the northern terminus of the Tri-State Tollway.


  • Interstate 55 (I-55) is the Adlai Stevenson Expy.


  • I-355 is the Veterans Memorial Tollway (formerly North-South Tollway).


  • I-57 is unofficially the "West Leg" of the Dan Ryan Expy.


  • I-65 has no name, whether official or unofficial.


  • I-80 is officially called the Borman Expy (cosigned with I-94), Kingery Expy (cosigned with I-80 for 3 miles), Tri-State Tollway (cosigned with I-294 for 4 miles) and is unofficially called the Moline Expy west of I-294.


  • I-88 is the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (formerly East-West Tollway)


  • I-90 is locally known as Jane Addams Tollway (formerly Northwest Tollway), John F Kennedy Expy (cosigned with I-94), Dan Ryan Expy (cosigned with I-94), and Chicago Skyway Toll Bridge. The Chicago Skyway is disputed since around 2000 if it actually is I-90. Currently it is signed as "To I-90" in both directions.


  • I-190 is the John F Kennedy Expy spur heading into Chicago-O'Hare Int'l Airport.


  • I-290 is the Dwight D Eisenhower Expy.


  • I-94 is Tri-State Tollway in Lake County, Edens Spur, Edens Expy, John F Kennedy Expy (cosigned with I-90), Dan Ryan Expy (cosigned with I-90), Bishop Ford Frwy (formerly Calumet Expy), Kingery Expy (cosigned with I-80) and Borman Expy (cosigned with I-80).


  • I-294 is the Tri-State Tollway.



Other main highways



  • US Routes in the Illinois part of the area include: US 6, US 12, US 14, US 20, US 30, US 34, US 41, US 45, and US 52.


  • Illinois Route 53, an arterial north–south state highway running through Grundy, Will, DuPage, Cook and Lake counties


  • Historic US Route 66's eastern terminus is in Chicago.



Major corridors


In addition to the Chicago Loop, the metro area is home to a few important subregional corridors of commercial activities. Among them are:




  • Illinois Technology and Research Corridor, along the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (Interstate 88)


  • Golden Corridor, along the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (Interstate 90)



Culture



Sports



Listing of the professional sports teams in the Chicago metropolitan area


Major league professional teams:




  • Major League Baseball (MLB)

    • Chicago Cubs

    • Chicago White Sox




  • National Football League (NFL)
    • Chicago Bears



  • National Basketball Association (NBA)
    • Chicago Bulls



  • National Hockey League (NHL)
    • Chicago Blackhawks



  • Major League Soccer (MLS)
    • Chicago Fire



Other professional teams:




  • Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
    • Chicago Sky



  • Minor League Baseball (MiLB)
    • Kane County Cougars



  • American Hockey League (AHL)
    • Chicago Wolves



  • National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)
    • Chicago Red Stars



  • Arena Football (AFL)

    • Chicago Rush (Operations suspended in 2013, no longer part of the AFL)[31]



  • National Pro Fastpitch (NPF)
    • Chicago Bandits



The Chicagoland Speedway oval track has hosted NASCAR Cup Series and IndyCar Series races.
The Chicago Marathon is one of the World Marathon Majors.
The Western Open and BMW Championship are PGA Tour tournaments that have been held primarily at golf courses near Chicago.


NCAA Division I College Sports Teams:




  • Big East Conference
    • DePaul University Blue Demons



  • Big Ten Conference

    • Northwestern University Wildcats (Evanston)



  • Horizon League

    • University of Illinois-Chicago Flames


    • Valaparaiso University Crusaders (Valaparaiso, IN)




  • Mid-American Conference

    • Northern Illinois University Huskies (DeKalb)



  • Missouri Valley Conference
    • Loyola University-Chicago Ramblers



  • Western Athletic Conference
    • Chicago State University Cougars




Cuisine




  • Chicago-style hot dog

  • Chicago-style pizza

  • Italian beef



Media



The two main newspapers are the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times. Local television channels broadcasting to the Chicago market include WBBM-TV 2 (CBS), WMAQ-TV 5 (NBC), WLS-TV 7 (ABC), WGN-TV 9 (CW), WTTW 11 (PBS), MeTV 23, WCIU 26 (Ind), WFLD 32 (FOX), WCPX-TV 38 (Ion), WSNS-TV 44 (Telemundo), WPWR-TV 50 (MyNetworkTV), and WJYS-TV 62 (The Way). CLTV is a 24/7 local news provider available only to cable subscribers.
Radio stations serving the area include: WBEZ, WMBI, WLS-AM, and WSCR.



Education






Whitney M. Young Magnet High School in Chicago


Elementary and secondary education within the Chicago metropolitan area is provided by dozens of different school districts, of which by far the largest is the Chicago Public Schools with 400,000 students.[32] Numerous private and religious school systems are also found in the region, as well as a growing number of charter schools. Racial inequalities in education in the region remain widespread, often breaking along district boundaries;[33] for instance, educational prospects vary widely for students in the Chicago Public Schools compared to those in some neighboring suburban schools.[34]


Historically, the Chicago metropolitan area has been at the center of a number of national educational movements, from the free-flowing Winnetka Plan to the regimented Taylorism of the Gary Plan.[35] In higher education, University of Chicago founder William Rainey Harper was a leading early advocate of the junior college movement; Joliet Junior College is the nation's oldest continuously-operating junior college today.[36] Later U of C president Robert Maynard Hutchins was central to the Great Books movement, and programs of dialogic education arising from that legacy can be found today at the U of C, at Shimer College,[37] and in the City Colleges of Chicago and Oakton Community College in the Northwest suburbs.[38]



Area codes



From 1947 until 1988, the Illinois portion of the Chicago metro area was served by a single area code, 312, which abutted the 815 area code. In 1988 the 708 area code was introduced and the 312 area code became exclusive to the city of Chicago.


It became common to call suburbanites "708'ers", in reference to their area code.


The 708 area code was partitioned in 1996 into three area codes, serving different portions of the metro area: 630, 708, and 847.


At the same time that the 708 area code was running out of phone numbers, the 312 area code in Chicago was also exhausting its supply of available numbers. As a result, the city of Chicago was divided into two area codes, 312 and 773. Rather than divide the city by a north/south area code, the central business district retained the 312 area code, while the remainder of the city took the new 773 code.


In 2002, the 847 area code was supplemented with the overlay area code 224. In February 2007, the 815 area code (serving outlying portions of the metro area) was supplemented with the overlay area code 779. In October 2007, the overlay area code 331 was implemented to supplement the 630 area with additional numbers.


Plans are in place for overlay codes in the 708, 773, and 312 regions as those area codes become exhausted in the future.




  • 312 Chicago - City (The Loop and central neighborhoods, e.g. the Near North Side)


  • 773 Chicago - City (Everywhere else within the city limits, excluding central area)


  • 872 Chicago - City (overlay for 312 & 773, effective November 7, 2009)


  • 847/224 (North and Northwest Suburbs)


  • 630/331 (Outer Western Suburbs)


  • 708 (South and Near West Suburbs)


  • 815/779 (Rockford & Joliet: Far Northwest/Southwest Suburbs)


  • 219 (Northwest Indiana)


  • 574 (North-central Indiana)


  • 262 (Southeast Wisconsin surrounding Milwaukee County)



Proposed overlays


  • 464 overlay for 708 (no effective date)


See also




References





  1. ^ ab "Elevations of the 50 Largest Cities". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 23 January 2016. Chicago city proper only.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - United States -- Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico 2014 Population Estimates" (CSV). United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013.


  3. ^ "Economy". Worldbusinesschicago.com. Retrieved October 3, 2017.


  4. ^ "Combined statistical area population and estimated components of change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 (CSA-EST2016-alldata)". U.S. Census. Retrieved 2017-07-27.


  5. ^ Eltagouri, Marwa. "Chicago area sees greatest population loss of any major U.S. city, region in 2015". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2016-11-27.


  6. ^ "CSA-EST2009-alldata". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2009. Archived from the original (csv) on July 8, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2011. The MSA covers 7,214 sq. mi. of land area and 2,367 sq. mi. of water area. The total area of the MSA is 9,581 sq. mi.


  7. ^ [1] Archived April 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.


  8. ^ As defined by Construction Data Company.


  9. ^ ab Fuller, Jack (2005). "Chicagoland". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved February 20, 2010.


  10. ^ "The Press: The Colonel's Century". TIME. June 9, 1947. Retrieved 2010-02-20.


  11. ^ O'Donnell Bennett, James (July 27, 1926). "Chicagoland's Shrines: A Tour of Discoveries". Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963). Retrieved 2010-02-20.


  12. ^ Cronon (1992); Keating (2005); Keating (2004)


  13. ^ "Classifieds map of Chicagoland". Chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2011-05-30.


  14. ^ [2] Archived November 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.


  15. ^ "About Chicagoland". Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013.


  16. ^ "Bidtool Coverage area: Chicago, Indiana, Wisconsin, Colorado, Kentucky project leads". Bidtool.net. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  17. ^ "Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning". Chicagoareaplanning.org. Archived from the original on August 12, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  18. ^ "About - CMAP". Cmap.illinois.gov. Retrieved 2015-09-07.


  19. ^ "Urban trees and forests of the Chicago region". Nrs.fs.fed.us. 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2015-09-07.


  20. ^ "Regional Tree Census | The Morton Arboretum". Mortonarb.org. Retrieved 2015-09-07.


  21. ^ "Census Findings of Chicago Metropolitan Area" (PDF). The Chicago Community Trust. Retrieved July 1, 2015.


  22. ^ "Kendall County is fastest growing in the nation". Daily Herald. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  23. ^ "Historical Metropolitan Area Definitions". Census.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  24. ^ "Alphabetically sorted list of UAs". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Retrieved August 6, 2010.


  25. ^ "Fortune 500 2008: States - Illinois". CNN.


  26. ^ Carl Sandburg. "Chicago". Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, vol. 3, no. 6 (March 1914):191-192.


  27. ^ RON STARNER. "TOP METROS OF 2007 - Site Selection magazine, March 2008". Siteselection.com. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  28. ^ RON STARNER (March 9, 2009). "TOP METROS OF 2008 - Site Selection magazine, March 2009". Siteselection.com. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  29. ^ "TOP METROS OF 2009 - Site Selection Magazine, March 2010". Siteselection.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.


  30. ^ Brat, Ilan (November 8, 2006). "Tale of a Warehouse Shows How Chicago Weathers a Decline". The Wall Street Journal. p. A1. Retrieved February 20, 2010.


  31. ^ AFL Issues Statement on Rush, Blaze, Chicago Rush Media Relations, ArenaRush.com, September 9, 2013


  32. ^ "About CPS". Chicago Public Schools. Retrieved January 26, 2015.


  33. ^ Moore, Natalie (November 12, 2014). "Why so few white kids land in CPS — and why it matters". WBEZ. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.


  34. ^ Bogira, Steve (October 17, 2012). "Two students, two high schools, two divergent paths to college". Chicago Reader.


  35. ^ Thiede, Robert. "Gary Plan". Britannica.com. Retrieved January 16, 2015.


  36. ^ Sydow, Debbie; Alfred, Richard (2012). Re-visioning Community Colleges: Positioning for Innovation. p. 13. ISBN 1442214880.


  37. ^ Ronson, Jon (December 6, 2014). "Shimer College: The Worst School in America?". The Guardian.


  38. ^ "Great Books program". Oakton Community College. Retrieved January 26, 2015.




Further reading



  • Fischer, Paul B. (July 28, 1993). Racial and Locational Patterns of Subsidized Housing in the Chicago Suburbs: A Report to the MacArthur Foundation (Archive). Lake Forest, Ill.: Lake Forest College. Report to the MacArthur Foundation.

  • Lewinnek, Elaine (2014). The Working Man's Reward: Chicago's Early Suburbs and the Roots of American Sprawl. Oxford: Oxford University Press.



External links




  • US Census' Urbanized Area Outline Map (2000)

  • Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area (2003) map

  • U.S. Census Bureau State & County QuickFacts

  • U.S. Census Bureau population estimates

  • Cook County Jail

  • Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas

  • About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas

  • Historical Metropolitan Area Definitions















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