石竹科












 

如何讀生物分類框
石竹科

石竹花（Dianthus chinensis）

石竹花（Dianthus chinensis）


科學分類


























域：
真核域 Eukarya
界：
植物界 Plantae
門：
被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
綱：
雙子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida
目：
石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae
Juss.


屬

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石竹科（學名：Caryophyllaceae）有86属大约2,200种植物，在全球温带地区分布，有几种分布在热带山区甚至在寒带，都是草本植物，主要分布在欧洲、亚洲和地中海地区，但也有一种Colobanthus quitensis生长在南极洲，是南极洲仅有的两种双子叶植物之一。中国有32属大约400余种。


石竹科植物大部分是一年生的，也有多年生植物，但地上部分每年枯死，或地下有木质根茎，甚至有几种是小乔木。


石竹科都是单叶对生，花为二歧聚伞花序，花瓣常有爪，一般为5基数，也有少数为4基数，果实为蒴果，很少有浆果的。


石竹科分为三个亚科：



  • 繁缕亚科 Alsinoideae：没有托叶，花瓣分离

  • 石竹亚科 Silenoideae： 没有托叶，花瓣结合

  • 大爪草亚科 Paronychioideae：有托叶。



属





蚤缀
Arenaria serpyllifolia





叉枝蝇子草
Silene latifolia




石竹花
Dianthus chinensis





  • 刺叶属 Acanthophyllum

  • Achyronychia


  • 麦仙翁属 Agrostemma

  • Allochrusa

  • Alsinidendron

  • Ankyropetalum


  • 无心菜属 Arenaria

  • Bolanthus

  • Bolbosaponaria


  • 短瓣花属 Brachystemma

  • Bufonia

  • Cardionema


  • 卷耳属 Cerastium

  • Cerdia

  • Colobanthus

  • Cometes


  • 互叶指甲草属 Corrigiola


  • 狗筋蔓属 Cucubalus

  • Cyathophylla


  • 石竹属 Dianthus

  • Diaphanoptera

  • Dicheranthus


  • 荷莲豆草属 Drymaria

  • Drypis

  • Geocarpon


  • 裸果木属 Gymnocarpos


  • 石头花属 Gypsophila

  • Habrosia

  • Haya


  • 治疝草属 Herniaria]


  • 硬骨草属 Holosteum

  • Honckenya

  • Illecebrum

  • Kabulia

  • Krauseola

  • Kuhitangia


  • 薄蒴草属 Lepyrodiclis

  • Lochia

  • Loeflingia


  • 剪秋罗属 Lychnis

  • Mesostemma

  • Microphyes


  • 米努草属 Minuartia =高山漆姑草


  • 种阜草属 Moehringia

  • Moenchia


  • 鹅肠菜属 Myosoton

  • Ochotonophila

  • Ortegia


  • 加那利指甲草属 Paronychia

  • Pentastemonodiscus

  • Petrocoptis


  • 膜萼花属 Petrorhagia

  • Philippiella

  • Phrynella

  • Pinosia

  • Pirinia

  • Pleioneura

  • Plettkia

  • Pollichia


  • 白鼓钉属 Polycarpaea


  • 多荚草属 Polycarpon

  • Polytepalum


  • 孩儿参属 Pseudostellaria

  • Pteranthus

  • Pycnophyllopsis

  • Pycnophyllum

  • Reicheella


  • 漆姑草属 Sagina

  • Sanctambrosia


  • 肥皂草属 Saponaria

  • Schiedea

  • Scleranthopsis


  • 线球草属 Scleranthus

  • Sclerocephalus

  • Scopulophila

  • Selleola


  • 蝇子草属 Silene


  • 大爪草属 Spergula


  • 拟漆姑属 Spergularia

  • Sphaerocoma


  • 繁缕属 Stellaria

  • Stipulicida

  • Thurya


  • 囊种草属 Thylacospermum

  • Uebelinia


  • 麦蓝草属 Vaccaria - 种子为王不留行

  • Velezia

  • Wilhelmsia

  • Xerotia




参考文献


  • 林春吉，《台灣的水生與溼地植物》，2005，台北，綠世界出版社。



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