2001 in video gaming
















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2001 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games. New intellectual properties include Animal Crossing, Burnout, Devil May Cry, Halo: Combat Evolved, Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy, Max Payne, Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis, Pikmin, Red Faction, Serious Sam, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon and Tropico




Contents






  • 1 Events


    • 1.1 Business


    • 1.2 Lawsuits


    • 1.3 Notable releases




  • 2 Trends


    • 2.1 Video game consoles


    • 2.2 Handheld game systems


    • 2.3 Video game sales


    • 2.4 Personal computer game sales




  • 3 Highest critically reviewed games (Metacritic)


  • 4 References





Events




  • Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences hosts the 4th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards; inducts John Carmack of id Software to the AIAS Hall of Fame.


  • British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) hosts the 4th annual BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards for multimedia technologies; 15 of 21 awards go to video games.

  • March 21 – The Game Boy Advance handheld is released by Nintendo. Also to back-up the GBA's identical graphics to the SNES an enhanced remake of Super Mario Bros 2 was launched.

  • May 17–19 – 7th annual Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3);[1] the 4th annual Game Critics Awards For The Best Of E3

  • June 23 - Sonic the Hedgehog celebrates its 10th anniversary.

  • July – IEMA (Interactive Entertainment Merchants Association) hosts 2nd annual Executive Summit.

  • Gama Network hosts the 3rd annual Independent Games Festival (IGF).


  • Game Developers Conference hosts the 1st annual Game Developers Choice Awards.

  • Spring – Reuters reports that the Dreamcast console has an estimated 800,000 online users playing its various online games already by midyear.


  • Sony cooperates with AOL to incorporate Internet features with the PlayStation 2 console; which include a browser, email, and instant messaging capabilities.

  • August – 2nd annual Dreamcast Championships (featuring the Crazy Taxi 2 video game)

  • Nikkei News reports that the video game Phantasy Star Online (for Dreamcast) has had 300,000 worldwide users login already by midyear.

  • September 14 – Nintendo releases the GameCube and its launch title Luigi's Mansion

  • November 15 – The Microsoft Xbox is introduced.

  • November 23 – Game Park releases the GP32 wireless-multiplayer multimedia handheld console in South Korea.

  • December 31 – Jez San is awarded an OBE in the New Year Honours, becoming the first person awarded specifically for services to video games.

  • December – Panasonic releases the Game Cube-based Q multimedia console.



Business



  • Defunct companies: Indrema, Dynamix, Sanctuary Woods, SNK.

  • After Dynamix (1984–2001) is closed as part of Sierra's restructuring under Vivendi Universal, several veterans of the studio found GarageGames.


  • Sega announces that it will no longer develop home consoles, to focus on game development. The Dreamcast is discontinued in May, but games including Sonic the Hedgehog will continue to be released.


  • Zylom founded in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.


  • Activision acquires Treyarch Invention LLC.


  • PCCW (Pacific Century CyberWorks Japan Co., Ltd.) acquires VR1 Entertainment.

  • Long-time arcade developer Midway Games announces that it will no longer manufacture arcade games.

  • August – Loki Software declares Chapter 11 Bankruptcy over internal financial troubles, before going defunct next January. In response Michael Simms of the Tux Games retailer and former Loki game tester founds Linux Game Publishing alongside ex-Loki employee Mike Philips on October 15 to keep games coming to Linux.

  • October - Infogrames announces to revive Atari as a sub-brand of Infogrames. Infogrames, MX Rider and TransWorld Surf were the first 3 games to receive this treatment.



Lawsuits



  • Sega of America Inc. v. Kmart Corporation; Sega sues Kmart over an unpaid debt of over US$2 million


  • Uri Geller v. Nintendo; Geller sues Nintendo over his resemblance to a Pokémon character. The suit is dismissed.[citation needed]



Notable releases






Video game platforms




















DC Dreamcast
GBA Game Boy Advance
GCN GameCube














N64 Nintendo 64
PS1 PlayStation
PS2 PlayStation 2













Win Microsoft Windows
Xbox Xbox
GBC Game Boy Color






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Notable releases of the year 2001
Release
 Title
Windows
5th Gen
6th Gen
Handheld
January 4 RuneScape PC N/A N/A N/A
January 10 Mega Man 64 N/A N64 N/A N/A
January 16 Mario Tennis N/A N/A N/A
GBC
January 29 Oni PC N/A PS2 N/A
January 29 Phantasy Star Online N/A N/A DC N/A
January 30 Rayman 2: The Great Escape N/A N/A PS2 N/A
January 31 Mega Man X5
PC (2002)		 PS1 N/A N/A
February 5 Paper Mario N/A N64 N/A N/A
February 6 Action Man: Search for Base X N/A N/A N/A
GBC
February 6 Metal Walker N/A N/A N/A
GBC
February 7 Clive Barker's Undying PC N/A N/A N/A
February 16 Final Fantasy IX N/A
PS1 (EU)		 N/A N/A
February 20 Scooby-Doo! Classic Creep Capers N/A N/A N/A
GBC
February 27 The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages N/A N/A N/A
GBC
March 1 Lego Island 2 The Brickster's Revenge Win'98 PS1 N/A
GBC, GBA
March 5 Conker's Bad Fur Day N/A N64 N/A N/A
March 6 The Bouncer N/A N/A PS2 N/A
March 9 Sonic Shuffle N/A N/A DC N/A
March 12 Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo Windows (US) N/A N/A N/A
March 13 Onimusha: Warlords N/A N/A PS2 N/A
March 13 Unreal Tournament N/A N/A DC N/A
March 14 Aidyn Chronicles: The First Mage N/A N64 N/A N/A
March 15 SpongeBob SquarePants: Legend of the Lost Spatula N/A N/A N/A GBC
March 21 Daytona USA N/A N/A DC N/A
March 21 Tribes 2 PC N/A N/A N/A
March 21 Serious Sam: The First Encounter PC N/A N/A N/A
March 22 Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil N/A N/A PS2 N/A
March 23 Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo Windows (EU) N/A N/A N/A
March 23 Hostile Waters: Antaeus Rising Win N/A N/A N/A
March 25 Black & White PC N/A N/A N/A
March 26 The Simpsons: Night of the Living Treehouse of Horror N/A N/A N/A
GBC
March 26 Zone of the Enders N/A N/A PS2 N/A
March 27 Rocket Power: Gettin' Air N/A N/A N/A
GBC
March 28
Pokémon Stadium 2
 N/A N64 N/A N/A
March 27 Strikers 1945 II N/A PS1 N/A N/A
March 30 Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine N/A N/A N/A
GBC
March 30 Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo N/A N64 (EU) N/A N/A
April 6 Snoopy Tennis N/A N/A N/A
GBC
April 8 Dr. Mario 64 N/A N64 N/A N/A
April 11 Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble N/A N/A N/A
GBC
April 12 The Simpsons Wrestling N/A PS1 N/A N/A
April 16 Batman: Chaos in Gotham N/A N/A N/A
GBC
April 23 Silpheed: The Lost Planet N/A N/A PS2 N/A
April 30 The Adventures of Cookie & Cream N/A N/A PS2 N/A
April 30 Mars Matrix: Hyper Solid Shooting N/A N/A DC N/A
May 7 Mario Party 3 N/A N64 N/A N/A
May 8 Myst III: Exile PC N/A PS2 N/A
May 14 Crazy Taxi N/A N/A PS2 N/A
May 16 Giga Wing 2 N/A N/A DC N/A
May 16 Project Justice N/A N/A DC N/A
May 18 Atlantis The Lost Empire: Trial by Fire Win N/A N/A N/A
May 21 Cool Boarders N/A N/A PS2 N/A
May 22 Red Faction N/A N/A PS2 N/A
May 28 Crazy Taxi 2 N/A N/A DC N/A
May 29 Shrek: Fairy Tale Freakdown N/A N/A N/A
GBC
May 30 Bejeweled PC N/A N/A N/A
May 30 Spider-Man 2: The Sinister Six N/A N/A N/A
GBC
June 8 Castlevania: Circle of the Moon N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 10 Super Mario Advance N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 ChuChu Rocket! N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 Earthworm Jim N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 F-Zero: Maximum Velocity N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 Konami Krazy Racers N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 Rayman Advance N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 11 Super Mario Advance N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 14 Atlantis: The Lost Empire N/A PS1 N/A N/A
June 18 Twisted Metal: Black N/A N/A PS2 N/A
June 19 Sonic Adventure 2 N/A N/A DC N/A
June 20 Time Crisis: Project Titan N/A PS1 N/A N/A
June 21 Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal PC N/A N/A N/A
June 22 Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis PC N/A N/A N/A
June 27 Anachronox Win N/A N/A N/A
June 29 Bomberman Tournament N/A N/A N/A
GBA
June 29 Final Fantasy Chronicles N/A PS1 N/A N/A
July 1 Tomb Raider: Curse of the Sword N/A N/A N/A
GBC
July 8 Dark Angel: Vampire Apocalypse N/A N/A PS2 N/A
July 10 Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec N/A N/A PS2 N/A
July 16 Jurassic Park III: The DNA Factor N/A N/A N/A
GBA
July 14 Mega Man Legends PC N/A N/A N/A
July 17 City Crisis N/A N/A PS2 N/A
July 19 Final Fantasy X N/A N/A
PS2 (JAP)		 N/A
July 23 Extermination N/A N/A PS2 N/A
July 23 Max Payne PC N/A N/A N/A
July 28 Rune: Viking Warlord N/A N/A PS2 N/A
July 29
Pokémon Crystal (North America)		 N/A N/A N/A
GBC
July 30 Tweety and the Magic Gems N/A N/A N/A
GBA
August 1 Golden Sun N/A N/A N/A
GBA
August 7 WWF Betrayal N/A N/A N/A
GBA
August 8 Shogun: Total War: Mongol Invasion PC N/A N/A N/A
August 19 Madden NFL 2002 N/A PS1 PS2 N/A
August 20 Armored Core 2: Another Age N/A N/A PS2 N/A
August 21 Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura PC N/A N/A N/A
August 27 Mario Kart: Super Circuit N/A N/A N/A
GBA
August 27 Dave Mirra Freestyle BMX 2 N/A N/A PS2 N/A
August 28 ESPN Final Round Golf 2002 N/A N/A N/A
GBA
August 29 Alchemy PC N/A N/A N/A
September 10 Advance Wars N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 10 Jurassic Park III: Park Builder N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 10 Portal Runner N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 11 The World Is Not Enough N/A N/A N/A
GBC
September 13 Heavy Metal: Geomatrix N/A N/A DC N/A
September 13 Ooga Booga N/A N/A DC N/A
September 15 Power Rangers Time Force N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 15 Klonoa: Empire of Dreams N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 17 Arctic Thunder N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 21 SpongeBob SquarePants: SuperSponge N/A PS1 N/A N/A
September 24 Monster Rancher 3 N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 24 Phantasy Star Online Version 2 N/A N/A DC N/A
September 24 Silent Hill 2 N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 24 SpyHunter N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 24 SpongeBob SquarePants: Operation Krabby Patty PC N/A N/A N/A
September 25 X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 26 Bass Strike N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 26 Dexter's Laboratory: Deesaster Strikes! N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 26 Final Fight One N/A N/A N/A
GBA
September 26 Kessen II N/A N/A PS2 N/A
September 30 Ico N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 1 NASCAR Thunder 2002 N/A PS1
PS2, Xbox
 N/A
October 1 Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 1 Time Crisis II N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 1 Yanya Caballista: City Skater N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 2 Lego Island 2: The Brickster's Revenge N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 4 Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase N/A PS1 N/A N/A
October 5 The Wild Thornberrys: Chimp Chase N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 8 Castlevania Chronicles N/A PS1 N/A N/A
October 10 Dark Age of Camelot PC N/A N/A N/A
October 12 Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 15 Lady Sia N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 17 Devil May Cry N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 18 E.T.: Digital Companion N/A N/A N/A
GBC
October 21 Stronghold PC N/A N/A N/A
October 22 Grand Theft Auto III N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 28 Doom N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 28 Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 N/A PS1
PS2, Nintendo GameCube
 N/A
October 29 Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex N/A N/A
PS2, Xbox, GC
 N/A
October 29 Spyro: Season of Ice N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 30 Aliens versus Predator 2 PC N/A N/A N/A
October 30 Boxing Fever N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 30 Civilization III PC N/A N/A N/A
October 30 Mega Man Xtreme 2 N/A N/A N/A
GBC
October 30 Monsters, Inc. Scream Team PC PS1 PS2 N/A
October 30 Super Street Fighter II Turbo Revival N/A N/A N/A
GBA
October 31 Soul Reaver 2 N/A N/A PS2 N/A
October 31 Mega Man Battle Network N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 1 Ace Combat 04: Shattered Skies N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 1 Burnout N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 1 Dragon Warrior VII N/A PS1 N/A N/A
November 1 FIFA Football 2002 N/A PS1 PS2 N/A
November 3 Rocket Power: Dream Scheme N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 5 SpongeBob SquarePants: SuperSponge N/A PS1 N/A
GBA
November 5 SSX Tricky N/A N/A
PS2, GC, Xbox
 N/A
November 7 Jackie Chan Adventures: Legend of the Dark Hand N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 9 Project Gotham Racing N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 11 Golden Sun N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 12 Empire Earth PC N/A N/A N/A
November 12 Gradius Advance N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 12 Survivor N/A Win N/A N/A
November 13 007: Agent Under Fire N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 13 Cubix: Robots for Everyone - Race 'n Robots N/A N/A N/A
GBC
November 14 Harvest Moon 3 GBC N/A N/A N/A
GBC
November 13 Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 14 Shrek N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 15 Dead or Alive 3 N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 15 Halo: Combat Evolved N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 15 Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone PC PS1 N/A GBC, GBA
November 15 Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 15 Cel Damage N/A N/A
Xbox, PS2, GC
 N/A
November 17 NHL Hitz 2002 N/A N/A GCN N/A
November 17 Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader N/A N/A GC N/A
November 18 Crazy Taxi N/A N/A GC N/A
November 18 Super Monkey Ball N/A N/A GC N/A
November 18 IL-2 Sturmovik PC N/A N/A N/A
November 18 WWF Road to Wrestlemania N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 19 Wario Land 4 N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 19 WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 20 FreQuency N/A N/A PS2 N/A
November 20 Return to Castle Wolfenstein PC N/A N/A N/A
November 20 Frogger: The Great Quest N/A PS2 N/A N/A
November 21 Ecks vs. Sever N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 21 Star Wars Episode I: Jedi Power Battles N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 21 Super Smash Bros. Melee N/A N/A
GCN (NTSC-J)		 N/A
November 22 Mr. Driller G N/A
PS1 (NTSC-J)		 N/A N/A
November 23 Gothic PC N/A N/A N/A
November 24 Frogger's Adventures: Temple of the Frog N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 25 Azurik: Rise of Perathia N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 26 Jurassic Park III: Island Attack N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 26 Star Wars: Starfighter N/A N/A Xbox N/A
November 26 Twisted Metal: Small Brawl N/A PS1 N/A N/A
November 27 Extreme-G 3 N/A N/A GCN N/A
November 27 Lego Racers 2 N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 28 Cruis'n Velocity N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 29 Rampage Puzzle Attack N/A N/A N/A
GBA
November 30 Dokapon: Monster Hunter N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 1 Breath of Fire N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 1 M&M's Blast! N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 3 Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance N/A N/A PS2 N/A
December 3 Pikmin N/A N/A GC N/A
December 3 Super Smash Bros. Melee N/A N/A
GC (NTSC-U)		 N/A
December 3 Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy N/A N/A PS2 N/A
December 4 Mega Man X6 N/A PS1 N/A N/A
December 5 American Bass Challenge N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 7 Cel Damage N/A N/A GCN N/A
December 7 Evil Twin: Cyprien's Chronicles N/A N/A
PS2 (PAL & EU)		 N/A
December 9 The Flintstones: Big Trouble in Bedrock N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 12 Mortal Kombat Advance N/A N/A N/A
GBA
December 12 Shadow Hearts N/A N/A PS2 N/A
December 17 Luigi's Mansion N/A N/A GC N/A
December 17
Dark Rift (North America)		 N/A N64 N/A N/A
December 18 Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure N/A N/A GCN N/A
December 19 Wizardry: Tale of the Forsaken Land N/A N/A PS2 N/A
December 20 Final Fantasy X N/A N/A
PS2 (US)		 N/A
December 20 Giants: Citizen Kabuto N/A N/A PS2 N/A
December 21 Silent Hill 2: Director's Cut N/A N/A Xbox N/A
December 21 Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 N/A N/A N/A
GBA


Trends



Video game consoles


The dominant video game consoles in 2001 were:



  • Sony's PlayStation 2

Additionally, Nintendo released the Nintendo GameCube on September 14 in Japan (U.S. on November 18 and in Europe on May 3, 2002). Microsoft released the Xbox video game console in the U.S. on November 15 (in Europe on March 14, 2002).






  • The Nintendo GameCube







  • The Microsoft Xbox






Handheld game systems


The dominant handheld systems in 2001 were:



  • Nintendo's Game Boy Color

Additionally, Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance (GBA) in Japan on March 21 (in the U.S. on June 11 and Europe on June 22).






  • The Game Boy Advance






Video game sales


According to the NPD Group, Grand Theft Auto III was the top selling console video game in 2001 in the United States with just under two million sold; the top 10 selling console video games in 2001 in the United States ranked by units sold were:[2]









































































Top Grossing Video Games of 2001
Rank
 Title
 Platform
 Publisher
1 Grand Theft Auto III PS2
Rockstar Games
2 Madden NFL 2002
PS1-PS2
Electronic Arts
3 Pokémon Crystal GBC
Nintendo
4 Mario Kart: Super Circuit GBA
Nintendo
5 Super Mario Advance GBA Nintendo
6 Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec PS2
Sony
7 Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone PS1
Activision
8 Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 PS1 Activision
9 Pokémon Silver GBC Nintendo
10 Wario Land 4 GBA NIntendo


Personal computer game sales


According to the NPD Group, the top 10 selling personal computer games in 2001 in the United States ranked by units sold were:[2]






























































Top Grossing Computer Games of 2001
Rank
 Title
 Publisher
1 The Sims
Electronic Arts
2 RollerCoaster Tycoon
Infogrames
3 Harry Potter & The Sorcerer's Stone Electronic Arts
4 Diablo II: Lord of Destruction
Vivendi Universal
5 The Sims: House Party Electronic Arts
6 The Sims: Livin' Large Electronic Arts
7 The Sims: Hot Date Electronic Arts
8 Diablo II Vivendi Universal
9 Sim Theme Park Electronic Arts
10 Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings
Microsoft


Highest critically reviewed games (Metacritic)

















































































































Number
 Video Game
 Publisher
 Platform
 Release Date
 Average score
 Number of reviews
 Refs
1
Halo: Combat Evolved
Microsoft Game Studios
Xbox
 November 14
 97
 68 reviews
 [3]
2
Grand Theft Auto III
Rockstar Games
PlayStation 2
 October 22
 97
 56 reviews
 [4]
3
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3
Activision
PlayStation 2
 October 28
 97
 34 reviews
 [5]
4
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
Konami
PlayStation 2
 November 12
 96
 42 reviews
 [6]
5
Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec
Sony Computer Entertainment
PlayStation 2
 July 9
 95
 55 reviews
 [7]
6
Devil May Cry
Capcom
PlayStation 2
 October 16
 94
 37 reviews
 [8]
7
Madden NFL 2002
EA Sports
PlayStation 2
 August 19
 94
 23 reviews
 [9]
8
Mario Kart Super Circuit
Nintendo
Game Boy Advance
 August 26
 93
 24 reviews
 [10]
9
Paper Mario
Nintendo
Nintendo 64
 February 5
 93
 15 reviews
 [11]
10
NBA 2K2
Sega
Dreamcast
 October 24
 93
 12 reviews
 [12]


References





  1. ^ "Attendance and Stats". IGN. Retrieved May 21, 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab "NPD REPORTS ANNUAL 2001 U.S. INTERACTIVE ENTERTAINMENT SALES SHATTER INDUSTRY RECORD" (Press release). Port Washington, New York: NPD Group. February 7, 2002. Archived from the original on August 14, 2004. Retrieved January 27, 2015.


  3. ^ "Reviews for Halo: Combat Evolved". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  4. ^ "Reviews for Grand Theft Auto III". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  5. ^ "Reviews for Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  6. ^ "Reviews for Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  7. ^ "Reviews Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  8. ^ "Reviews for Devil May Cry". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  9. ^ "Reviews for Madden NFL 2002". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  10. ^ "Reviews for Mario Kart Super Circuit". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  11. ^ "Reviews for Paper Mario". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.


  12. ^ "Reviews for NBA 2K2". Metacritic. Retrieved January 13, 2015.










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Information security

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This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
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Volkswagen Group MQB platform

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The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
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刘萌萌

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body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 刘萌萌 女演员 罗马拼音 Liu Meng Meng 英文名 Cya 国籍   中国 民族 汉族 出生 ( 1989-10-16 ) 1989年10月16日 （ 29歲）   中国辽宁省大连市 职业 演员、艺人 语言 汉语 教育程度 沈阳音乐学院 北京电影学院表演系进修班 活跃年代 2011年至今 唱片公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 经纪公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 网站 刘萌萌 官方微博 刘萌萌 （1989年10月16日 － ），汉族，中国演员，2010年参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》而出道至今，凭借电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角走红。北京电影学院10级表演系（进修班）毕业。 目录 1 主要经历 2 影视作品 2.1 电视剧 2.2 电影 2.3 综艺节目 3 参考文献 4 外部链接 主要经历 1989年，出生于辽宁省大连市一个工人家庭； 2006年，考入沈阳音乐学院舞蹈系本科班学习； 2010年，参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》演艺新秀比赛而出道 [1] ；進入北京电影学院表演系进修班 2011年，出演电视剧《隋唐演义》“琼花公主”一角色； 2012年，担任电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角并开始走红 [2] ； 2013年，担任电视剧《利箭纵横》《利剑行动》 [3] 女主角“林筱雨” 2014年，参加江苏卫视真人秀栏目《花样年华》 [4] 备受瞩目 [5] 。 影视作品 电视剧 首播年份 剧名 角色 备注 2012 《爱情公寓3》 诺澜 2012 《利箭行动》 林筱雨 2013 《隋唐演义》 琼花公主 2013 《决战燕子门》 马晓婉 2014 《利箭纵横》 林筱雨 2014 《屌丝日记》 林洛霏 網絡劇 2014 《爱情公寓4》 诺澜 ...
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