Mariana of Austria

Mariana of Austria
Portrait by Velázquez
Queen consort of Spain
Tenure	7 October 1649 – 17 September 1665
Born	(1634-12-24)24 December 1634 Wiener Neustadt, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	16 May 1696(1696-05-16) (aged 61) Uceda Palace, Madrid, Spain
Burial	El Escorial
Spouse	Philip IV of Spain
Issue	Margaret Theresa, Holy Roman Empress Infanta Maria Ambrosia Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias Infante Ferdinand Thomas Charles Charles II of Spain
Full name Maria Anna
House	Habsburg
Father	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Maria Anna of Spain
Religion	Roman Catholic

Mariana of Austria or Maria Anna (24 December 1634 – 16 May 1696) was Queen of Spain from 1649 until her husband Philip IV died in 1665. She was appointed regent for their three-year-old son Charles II and due to his ill health remained an influential figure until her own death in 1696.

Contents

• 
  1 Early life
  


• 
  2 Queen of Spain
  


• 
  3 Regency
  


• 
  4 Issue
  


• 
  5 Legacy
  


• 
  6 Heraldry and family tree
  


• 
  7 References
  


• 
  8 Sources
  

Early life

Maria Anna and her older brother, Ferdinand, by Frans Luycx, c. 1636

Maria Anna was born on 24 December 1634 in Wiener Neustadt, the second child of Ferdinand of Hungary and Maria Anna of Spain. In 1637, her father became Emperor Ferdinand III on the death of Emperor Ferdinand II.

Her parents had six children, of whom three survived into adulthood. Maria Anna's elder brother, Ferdinand IV of Hungary died in 1654 at the age of 21; her younger brother Leopold succeeded as Emperor in 1658.

Queen of Spain

The Habsburgs preferred to marry within the family to retain their lands and properties, and in 1646 Maria Anna was betrothed to her Spanish cousin Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias, heir to the Spanish crown. When he died three months later, Maria Anna was left without a husband and Philip IV without a male heir. His own wife had died several years before and on 7 October 1649, forty-four-year-old Philip married his fourteen-year-old niece in Navalcarnero, near Madrid. From then on, she was known by her Spanish name 'Mariana.'

The marriage was not a happy one; Mariana was excluded from government, focusing instead on religion and exceptional piety.^[1] Only two of their five children lived into adulthood; the eldest, Margaret Theresa (1651-1673) followed her mother's example in 1666 by marrying her maternal uncle Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Mariana's second daughter, Maria Ambrosia, lived only fifteen days, followed by two sons, Philip Prospero (1657-1661) and Ferdinand Thomas (1658-1659).

Shortly after Philip Prospero's death, on 6 November 1661 Mariana gave birth to her last child, Charles. Unlike his elder sister, he suffered a number of physical disabilities and was known as El Hechizado or "The Bewitched" from the popular belief his ailments were caused by "sorcery." In Charles' case, the so-called Habsburg lip was so pronounced he spoke and ate with difficulty all his life. He did not learn to walk until he was eight and never attended school but foreign observers noted his mental capacities remained intact.^[2]

It has been suggested Charles suffered from the endocrine disease acromegaly and a combination of rare genetic disorders often transmitted through recessive genes, including combined pituitary hormone deficiency and distal renal tubular acidosis.^[3] However, this is speculation; the authors of the most significant study state that 'it has not been demonstrated the disabilities suffered by Charles II were caused by the expression of detrimental recessive alleles inherited from common ancestors.^[4]

Regency

Mariana by Velázquez, 1660.

As Charles was only 3 years old when Philip died on 17 September 1665, Mariana was appointed his regent, advised by a Regency Council, until he became a legal adult at the age of 14. Her competence is difficult to assess; even modern opinions often reflect contemporary views on the role of women and Mariana as a 'foreigner,' while the second half of the 17th century was one of almost continuous crisis for Europe in general, not only Spain.^[5] Recent studies argue she attempted significant reforms but these were compromised by internal political feuds.^[6]

The struggle between 'Austrian' and 'French' factions, respectively led by Mariana and Charles' illegitimate half-brother John of Austria the Younger, was worsened by Spain's division into the Crowns of Castile and Aragon. Each had very different political cultures and traditions, making it hard to enact reforms or collect taxes; government finances were in perpetual crisis and Spain declared bankruptcy nine times between 1557 and 1666, including 1647, 1652, 1661 and 1666.^[7]

Cardinal Juan Everardo Nithard, c. 1674, Mariana's first validos.

Mariana followed the system established by Philip of governing through personal advisors or "validos," the first of whom was Juan Everardo Nithard, an Austrian Jesuit and her personal confessor. Since Philip's will excluded foreigners from the Regency Council, Nithard first had to be naturalised, which caused immediate resentment.^[8] The new government was faced with the long-running Portuguese Restoration War and the War of Devolution with France; Spain declared bankruptcy in 1662 and 1666, making reductions in military spending a matter of extreme urgency. In 1668, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war with France while the Treaty of Lisbon accepted the restoration of the Crown of Portugal and loss of the Portuguese Empire.^[9]

These concessions were an acceptance of reality and in many ways Aix-La-Chapelle was a diplomatic triumph, since France returned most of its gains but many nobles saw it as a humiliation. John instigated a revolt in Aragon and Catalonia, forcing Marianna to dismiss Nithard in February 1669 and replace him with Fernando de Valenzuela. When Charles came of age in 1675, John used the opportunity to dismiss Valenzuela but he was restored in 1677 when the Regency was reinstated due to Charles's ill-health.

Mariana, as a widow, in her later years, by Claudio Coello, c. 1685–1693

The Franco-Dutch War in 1672 dragged Spain into another expensive war with France and John finally gained control of government in 1678. He died in September 1679, one of his last acts being to arrange a marriage between Charles and 17-year-old Marie Louise of Orléans in November 1679. Mariana was once more restored as regent, although her influence over Charles was diminished by his new wife.

The 1683-84 War of the Reunions was followed in 1688 by the outbreak of the Nine Years' War. In February 1689, Marie Louise died; as with many deaths of the period, there were allegations she was poisoned but modern assessments of her symptoms conclude the cause was almost certainly appendicitis. To replace her, Mariana selected Maria Anna of Neuburg, one of 12 children, whose eldest sister Eleonore was the third wife of Emperor Leopold, making her aunt to future emperors Joseph I and Charles VI. From Marianna's perspective, these Austrian connections and the family's record of fertility made her an ideal choice.^[10]

However, Charles' second marriage was also childless; by that time, he was almost certainly impotent, his autopsy later revealing he had only one atrophied testicle.^[11] As his health declined, internal struggles over the succession became increasingly bitter, with the leadership of the pro-French faction passing to Fernández de Portocarrero, Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo.

Under the influence of the 'Austrians,' in 1690 Spain joined the Grand Alliance coalition against France, which proved a disastrous decision. The state declared bankruptcy once again in 1692 and by 1696, France occupied most of Catalonia; Mariana retained power with the support of German auxiliaries under Maria Anna's brother Charles Philip, many of whom were expelled after Mariana's death.^[12] She died on 16 May 1696 at the Uceda Palace in Madrid, at the age of sixty-one; the cause is thought to have been breast cancer.^[13]

Issue

Her daughter Margaret Theresa in Velázquez's masterpiece Las Meninas.

Las Meninas detail; Mariana and Philip appear reflected in a mirror.

• 
  Margaret Theresa (12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673), first wife of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
  


• Maria Ambrosia de la Concepción (7 December 1655 – 21 December 1655)


• 
  Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias (28 November 1657 – 1 November 1661)


• Ferdinand Thomas Charles (23 December 1658 – 22 October 1659)


• 
  Charles II of Spain (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700)

Legacy

Mariana supported the 1668 mission led by Diego Luis de San Vitores and Saint Pedro Calungsod to convert the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam and the Mariana Islands to Christianity.

The Portrait of Mariana painted by Diego Velázquez was commissioned by Philip and is the only known full-length painting of her. The original is in the Prado Museum in Madrid; a copy was sent to her father Ferdinand and is held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Several other portraits of her were made, including Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo's Queen Mariana of Spain in Mourning, 1666. She also appears as a detail in Velasquez' masterpiece Las Meninas which features her daughter Margaret Theresa.

Heraldry and family tree

Coat of arms of Mariana of Austria as Queen Consort

Coat of arms of Mariana of Austria as Queen Dowager

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Ancestors of Mariana of Austria

16. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor[20] 8. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria[16] 17. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary[20] 4. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor[14] 18. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria[21] (= 20, 30) 9. Maria Anna of Bavaria[16] (= 15, ≠ 5) 19. Anna of Austria[21] (= 21, 31) 2. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor[14] 20. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria[22] (= 18, 30) 10. William V, Duke of Bavaria[17] 21. Anna of Austria[22] (= 19, 31) 5. Maria Anna of Bavaria[14] (≠ 9) 22. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine[23] 11. Renata of Lorraine[17] 23. Christina of Denmark[23] 1. Mariana of Austria 24. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor[24] 12. Philip II of Spain[18] 25. Isabella of Portugal[24] 6. Philip III of Spain[15] 26. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor[25] 13. Anna of Austria[18] 27. Maria of Austria[25] 3. Maria Anna of Austria[15] 28. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 16) 14. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria[19] (= 8) 29. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (= 17) 7. Margaret of Austria[15] 30. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (= 18, 20) 15. Maria Anna of Bavaria[19] (= 9, ≠ 5) 31. Anna of Austria (= 19, 21)

References

1. 
   ^ Graziano, Frank (2004). Wounds of Love: The Mystical Marriage of Saint Rose of Lima. OUP. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0195136403..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ Onnekink, David (ed) Mijers, Esther (ed), Rule, John (2017). The Partition Treaties, 1698-1700; A European View in Redefining William III: The Impact of the King-Stadholder in International Context. Routledge. pp. 91–108. ISBN 1138257966.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
   


3. 
   ^ Callaway, Ewen (19 April 2013). "Inbred Royals Show Traces of Natural Selection". Nature News. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
   


4. 
   ^ Gonzalo, Alvarez, Ceballos, Francisco; Quintero Celsa (2009). "The Role of Inbreeding in the Extinction of a European Royal Dynasty". PLOS. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005174. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
   


5. 
   ^ de Vries, Jan (2009). "The Economic Crisis of the 17th Century" (PDF). Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 40 (2): 151–194. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
   


6. 
   ^ Mitchell, Sylvia Z (2013). Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth- Century Europe. University of Miami Scholarly Repository. pp. 19–21. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
   


7. 
   ^ Jon Cowans (2003). Modern Spain: A Documentary History. U. of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0-8122-1846-9.
   


8. 
   ^ Storrs, Christopher (2006). The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665-1700. OUP Oxford. p. 154. ISBN 0199246378.
   


9. 
   ^ Barton, Simon (2009). A History of Spain. Palgrave. ISBN 0230200125.
   


10. 
    ^ Rommelse, Gijs (2011). Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750). Routledge. p. 224. ISBN 1409419134.
    


11. 
    ^ García-Escudero López, Ángel, Arruza Echevarría A, Padilla Nieva and R. Puig Giró1, Padilla Nieva, Jaime, Puig Giró, Ramon (2009). "Charles II; from spell to genitourinary pathology". History of Urology. 62 (3): 182.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
    


12. 
    ^ Storrs, Christopher (2006). The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665-1700. OUP Oxford. p. 158. ISBN 0199246378.
    


13. 
    ^ Graziano, Frank (2003). Wounds of Love : The Mystical Marriage of Saint Rose of Lima. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–107. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
    


14. 
    ^ ^abc Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 24 – via Wikisource.
    


15. 
    ^ ^abc Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 23 – via Wikisource.
    


16. 
    ^ ^ab Eder, Karl (1961), "Ferdinand II.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 83–85; (full text online)
    


17. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 23 – via Wikisource.
    


18. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.
    


19. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.
    


20. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
    


21. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.
    


22. 
    ^ ^ab Sigmund Ritter von Riezler (1897), "Wilhelm V. (Herzog von Bayern)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 717–723
    


23. 
    ^ ^ab Cartwright, Julia Mary (1913). Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine, 1522-1590. New York: E. P. Dutton. pp. 536–539.
    


24. 
    ^ ^ab  Kurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
    


25. 
    ^ ^ab Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
    

Sources

• Barton, Simon; A History of Spain; (Palgrave, 2009);


• Cruz, Anna; Early Modern Habsburg Women: Transnational Contexts, Cultural Conflicts, Dynastic Continuities; (Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2013);


• De Vries, Jan; The Economic Crisis of the 17th Century; (Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2009);


• Graziano, Frank; Wounds of Love : The Mystical Marriage of Saint Rose of Lima; (OUP, 2003);


• Mitchell, Sylvia Z; Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth- Century Europe; (University of Miami, 2013);


• Rommelse, Gijs; Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750) (Routledge, 2011);


• Rule, John; The Partition Treaties, 1698-1700; A European View in Redefining William III; (Routledge, 2011);


• Storrs, Christopher; The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665-1700 (OUP Oxford, 2006);

Mariana of Austria House of Habsburg Born: 23 December 1634 Died: 16 May 1696
Spanish royalty
Vacant Title last held by Elisabeth of France	Queen consort of Spain 7 October 1649 – 17 September 1665	Vacant Title next held by Marie Louise of Orléans

v t e Spanish royal consorts

Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano (2014–present) Sophía of Greece and Denmark (1975–2014) Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1906–1931) Maria Christina of Austria (1879–1885) Mercedes of Orléans (1878) Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo (1870–1873) Francis, Duke of Cádiz (1846–1868) Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1829–1833) Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony (1819–1829) Maria Isabel of Portugal (1816–1818) Julie Clary (1808–1813) Maria Luisa of Parma (1788–1808) Maria Amalia of Saxony (1759–1760) Barbara of Portugal (1746–1758) Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (1724) Elisabeth Farnese (1714–1724, 1724–1746) Maria Luisa of Savoy (1701–1714) Maria Anna of Neuburg (1690–1700) Marie Louise of Orléans (1679–1689) Mariana of Austria (1649–1665) Élisabeth of France (1621–1644) Margaret of Austria (1598–1611) Anna of Austria (1570–1580) Élisabeth of France (1559–1568) Mary I of England (1556–1558) Isabella of Portugal (1526–1539)

v t e Austrian archduchesses by birth
1st generation	none
2nd generation	Archduchess Helena Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
3rd generation	Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
4th generation	Eleanor, Queen of Portugal/France* Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway* Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia* Catherine, Queen of Portugal*
5th generation	Elisabeth, Queen of Poland Maria, Holy Roman Empress* Anna, Duchess of Bavaria Archduchess Isabella* Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Archduchess Magdalena Catherine, Queen of Poland Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua Archduchess Margaret Joanna, Princess of Portugal* Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara Archduchess Ursula Archduchess Helena Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
6th generation	Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Hetherlands* Catherine Michelle, Duchess of Savoy* Archduchess Maria* Anna, Queen of Spain Elisabeth, Queen of France Archduchess Maria (1555–56) Archduchess Maria (1564) Archduchess Margaret (1567–1633) Archduchess Eleanor (1568–80) Archduchess Maria (1562–67) Archduchess Anna Eleanor Archduchess Maria (1584–1649) Anna, Holy Roman Empress Anna, Queen of Poland Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania Archduchess Catherine Renata Archduchess Elisabeth (1577–86) Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana Archduchess Eleanor (1582–1620) Margaret, Queen of Spain Constance, Queen of Poland Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
7th generation	Archduchess Christine Anna, Queen of France* Archduchess Maria Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress* Archduchess Anna Mauritia Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria Archduchess Margarita Francisca* Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland Archduchess Maria Eleanor Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
8th generation	Archduchess Maria Margarita* Archduchess Margarita Maria Catalina* Archduchess Maria Eugenia* Archduchess Isabella Maria Teresa* Maria Anna, Queen of Spain Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia* Maria Theresa, Queen of France* Archduchess Maria Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress* Archduchess Theresia Maria Josepha Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate Archduchess Maria Ambrosia de la Concepción* Archduchess Maria Magdalena
9th generation	Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia Archduchess Anna Maria Archduchess Maria Josepha Archduchess Christina Archduchess Maria Elisabeth Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal Archduchess Maria Theresa Archduchess Maria Josepha Archduchess Maria Magdalena Archduchess Maria Margaretha
10th generation	Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa Maria Anna, Princess Charles Alexander of Lorraine Archduchess Maria Amalia
11th generation	Archduchess Maria Elisabeth^ Archduchess Maria Anna^ Archduchess Maria Carolina^ Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen^ Archduchess Maria Elisabeth^ Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma^ Archduchess Maria Carolina^ Archduchess Johanna^ Archduchess Maria Josepha^ Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples^ Marie Antonia, Queen of France^
12th generation	Archduchess Maria Theresa Archduchess Marie Christine Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony^ Archduchess Maria Anna^ Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia# Archduchess Maria Josepha# Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria# Maria Clementina, Hereditary Princess of Naples^ Archduchess Maria Amalia^ Archduchess Maria Antonia# Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria#
13th generation	Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth Marie Louise, Empress of the French Archduchess Carolina Ferdinande^ Archduchess Maria Caroline Archduchess Caroline Ludovika Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil Clementina, Princess of Salerno Archduchess Maria Luisa^ Archduchess Alexandrine Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia^ Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony Archduchess Maria Anna Archduchess Amalia Theresa Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord# Archduchess Hermine Archduchess Franziska Archduchess Maria Caroline Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón# Archduchess Maria Caroline Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
14th generation	Archduchess Maria Anna Archduchess Maria Carolina^ Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria^ Archduchess Maria Maximiliana^ Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani^ Archduchess Maria Theresia^ Archduchess Maria Cristina^ Archduchess Maria Anna^ Maria Theresa, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg Archduchess Mathilda Maria Christina, Queen of Spain Archduchess Maria Eleonora Archduchess Elisabeth Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis Archduchess Elisabeth Henriette Archduchess Klotilde Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria#
15th generation	Archduchess Sophie Gisela, Princess Leopold of Bavaria Archduchess Marie Valerie Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg Archduchess Maria Annunziata Elisabeth, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein Archduchess Maria Antonietta^ Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony^ Anna, Princess of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein^ Archduchess Margareta^ Archduchess Germana^ Archduchess Agnes^ Archduchess Maria Theresa^ Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha^ Archduchess Maria Antonietta^ Maria Immaculata, Duchess of Württemberg^ Archduchess Henriette^ Maria Christina, Princess Emmanuel of Salm-Salm Maria Anna, Princess Elias of Bourbon Parma Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst Archduchess Natalie Archduchess Stephanie Archduchess Gabrielle Isabella, Princess Georg of Bavaria Alice, Baroness Waldbott of Bassenheim Archduchess Eleonora, Mrs. Alfons von Kloss Renata, Princess Hieronymus Radziwill Mechthildis, Princess Olgierd Czartoryski Archduchess Gisele Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Magdalena
16th generation	Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg^ Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg^ Archduchess Dolores^ Maria Inmaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri^ Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio^ Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez^ Archduchess Assunta, Mrs. Joseph Hopfinger^ Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil^ Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg^ Gertrud, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg^ Archduchess Maria Elisabeth^ Archduchess Agnes^ Archduchess Margarethe, Mrs. Alexander Cech Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg Archduchess Anna Theresia Archduchess Maria Kynga, Mrs. Joachim Krist
17th generation	Descent of Charles I : Archduchess Adelheid Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg Elisabeth, Princess Heinrich of Liechtenstein Tuscany : Elisabeth, Edle Hubert von Braun^ Alice, Baroness Vittorio Manno^ Marie Antoinette, Baroness of Proff in Irnich^ Archduchess Marie Christine^ Archduchess Walburga, Mrs. Carlos Tasso^ Archduchess Verena^ Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Roland Huber^ Agnes, Baroness Peter of Fürstenberg^ Maria Ileana, Countess Adam Kottulinski^ Alexandra, Baroness Viktor of Baillou^ Maria Magdalena, Baroness of Holzhausen^ Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. Friedrich Sandhofer^ Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein^ Archduchess Maria Margaretha^ Archduchess Ludovica^ Archduchess Allix^ Josepha, Countess Clemens of Waldstein-Wartenberg^ Valerie, Margravine of Baden^ Alberta, Baroness Alexander of Kottwitz-Erdödy^ Theresa, Princess Rasso of Bavaria^ Maria Inmakulata, Countess Reinhart of Hoensbroech^ Palatines : Archduchess Monika, Mrs. Charles de Rambures Archduchess Marie Christine, Mrs. Raymond van der Meide Archduchess Maria, Mrs. Wilhelm de Witt Margherita, Countess Benedikt of Piatti
18th generation	Descent of Charles I : Andrea, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg Monika, Duchess of Maqueda Michaela, Countess Hubertus of Kageneck Archduchess Gabriela, Mrs. Christian Meister Walburga, Countess Archibald Douglas Maria Beatrix, Countess Riprand of Arco-Zinneberg# Isabella, Countess Andrea Czarnocki-Lucheschi# Maria del Pilar, Edle Vollrad-Joachim von Poschinger Kinga, Baroness Wolfgang of Erffa Archduchess Marie Adelheid, Mrs. Jaime Corcuerra Archduchess Viridis, Mrs. Karl Dunning-Gribble Archduchess Alexandra, Mrs. Héctor Riesle Maria Constanza, Princess of Auersperg-Trautson Maria Anna, Princess Peter Galitzine Catharina, Countess Maximiliano Secco d'Aragona Descent of Maximilian : Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. James Litchfield Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz Archduchess Marie Christine, Mrs. Clemens Guggenberg Tuscany : Archduchess Marie Bernadette, Mrs. Rupert Wolff^ Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Niall Brooks^ Archduchess Alicia^ Archduchess Maria Christina^ Archduchess Margaretha, Mrs. Andreas Baumgartner^ Archduchess Marie Valerie, Mrs. Martin Josef Wagner^ Archduchess Hedwig^ Archduchess Veronika^ Palatines : Archduchess Johanna Archduchess Elisabeth Archduchess Celina Archduchess Maria Floriana Archduchess Sofía Archduchess Anna Carolina Archduchess Theresa Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Ladislaya
19th generation	Descent of Charles I : Archduchess Eleonore Archduchess Gloria Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Hilda Archduchess Maria Laura#° Archduchess Luisa Maria#° Archduchess Laetitia Maria#° Archduchess Helen# Archduchess Sophia Archduchess Maria Theresa Archduchess Margherite Archduchess Priscilla Archduchess Marie des Neiges Marie Christine, Countess Rodolphe of Limburg-Stirum Archduchess Gabriella Archduchess Antonia Archduchess Isabelle Archduchess Carlotta Descent of Maximilian : Archduchess Katharina Archduchess Amaya Archduchess Paulina Archduchess Lara Archduchess Leonie Tuscany : Archduchess Tatyana^ Archduchess Anabella^ Archduchess Tara^ Archduchess Valentina^
20th generation	Descent of Charles I : Archduchess Zita Archduchess Anežka Archduchess Anna Archduchess Maria Stella * Archduchess Anna Astrid
* also an infanta of Spain ^ also a princess of Tuscany # also a princess of Modena ° also a princess of Belgium

Authority control	BNF: cb146227326 (data) GND: 118781863 ISNI: 0000 0001 1781 1430 LCCN: n98032592 SELIBR: 209412 SNAC: w6cs06mq SUDOC: 095309020 ULAN: 500354572 VIAF: 122242870 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 122242870

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