Bridge over Troubled Water (song)





















































"Bridge over Troubled Water"
Bridge Over Troubled Water single.jpg

Single by Simon & Garfunkel
from the album Bridge over Troubled Water
B-side "Keep the Customer Satisfied"
Released January 20, 1970 (1970-01-20)
Format 7"
Recorded November 9, 1969
Genre

  • Pop

  • gospel
Length 4:55
Label Columbia
Songwriter(s) Paul Simon
Producer(s)

  • Roy Halee

  • Paul Simon

  • Art Garfunkel

Simon & Garfunkel singles chronology





"The Boxer"
(1969)
 "Bridge over Troubled Water"
(1970)
 "Cecilia"
(1970)

Music video

"Bridge over Troubled Water" (audio) on YouTube
Audio sample


"Bridge over Troubled Water"


  • file

  • help




"Bridge over Troubled Water" is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel. Produced by the duo and Roy Halee, the song was released as the follow-up single to "The Boxer" in January 1970. The song is featured on their fifth studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water (1970). Composed by singer-songwriter Paul Simon, the song is performed on piano and carries the influence of gospel music. The original studio recording employs elements of Phil Spector's "Wall of Sound" technique using L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew.[1][2]


It was the last song recorded for their fifth and final album, but the first fully completed.[3] The song's instrumentation was recorded in California while the duo's vocals were cut in New York.[3][4][5][6] Simon felt his partner, Art Garfunkel, should sing the song solo, an invitation Garfunkel initially declined but later accepted.[7] Session musician Larry Knechtel performs piano on the song, with Joe Osborn playing bass guitar and Hal Blaine closing out the song with drums. The song won five awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards in 1971, including Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.


The song became Simon & Garfunkel's biggest hit single, and it is often considered their signature song. It was a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks, and it also topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and New Zealand. It was a top five hit in eight other countries as well, eventually selling over six million copies worldwide, making it among the best-selling singles. It became one of the most performed songs of the twentieth century, with over 50 artists, among them Elvis Presley and Aretha Franklin, covering the song. It was ranked number 48 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.




Contents






  • 1 Background


  • 2 Commercial performance


  • 3 Awards


  • 4 Charts and certifications


    • 4.1 Weekly charts


    • 4.2 Year-end charts


    • 4.3 Certifications


    • 4.4 US chart performance


    • 4.5 UK chart performance




  • 5 Covers


    • 5.1 Aretha Franklin


    • 5.2 Elvis Presley


    • 5.3 Linda Clifford


    • 5.4 Cantonese version


    • 5.5 Dami Im version


    • 5.6 Artists for Grenfell Tower charity single


      • 5.6.1 Artists


      • 5.6.2 Vocals


      • 5.6.3 Instruments


      • 5.6.4 Charts




    • 5.7 Other notable covers




  • 6 Notes


    • 6.1 References


    • 6.2 Sources




  • 7 External links





Background


"Bridge over Troubled Water" was composed by Paul Simon very quickly, so much so that he asked himself, "Where did that come from? It doesn't seem like me." [7] The title lyric was inspired by Claude Jeter's line "I'll be your bridge over deep water if you trust in me," which Jeter sang with his group, the Swan Silvertones, in the 1958 song "Mary Don't You Weep."[8] According to gospel producer and historian Anthony Heilbut, Simon acknowledged his debt to Jeter in person, and handed Jeter a check.[9] Simon wrote the song initially on guitar but transposed it to the piano to better reflect the gospel influence and suit Garfunkel's voice.[3]


Simon told his partner, Art Garfunkel, that Garfunkel should sing it alone, the "white choirboy way".[7] Garfunkel felt it was not right for him;[3] he liked Simon's falsetto on the demo and suggested that Simon sing. At the suggestion of Garfunkel and producer Roy Halee, Simon wrote an extra verse and a "bigger" ending, though he felt it was less cohesive with the earlier verses.[10] The final verse was written about Simon's then-wife Peggy Harper, who had noticed her first gray hairs ("Sail on, silvergirl").[11][12] It does not refer to a drug abuser's hypodermic needle, as is sometimes claimed.[13] The verse was Garfunkel's idea, but Simon has never cared for it.[14]


"Bridge over Troubled Water" was the final track to be recorded for the album but the first completed, with an additional two weeks of post-production.[3] Simon initially composed the song in G major, but arranger and composer Jimmie Haskell transposed the song to E-flat major to suit Garfunkel's voice.[15] The song was recorded in California, to make it easier for Garfunkel to go to Mexico to film Catch-22.[6] Simon wanted a gospel piano sound, and hired session musician Larry Knechtel. Joe Osborn played the two bass guitars, one high and the other low. A horn section rounded off the song. The drums were played by Hal Blaine in an echo chamber to achieve a hall effect and Los Angeles session percussionist Gary Coleman played the Vibraphone. The arranger, Jimmy Haskell, labeled the string arrangement as "Like a Pitcher of Water".[16]


Simon and Garfunkel returned to New York to record the vocals.[17][4][3] The vocal style in "Bridge over Troubled Water" was inspired by Phil Spector's technique in "Old Man River" by The Righteous Brothers.[18] After two months the song was finished. Simon said it sounded like the Beatles' "Let It Be", stating in a Rolling Stone interview: "They are very similar songs, certainly in instrumentation."[19]


As their relations frayed preceding their 1970 breakup, Simon began to feel jealous that he allowed Garfunkel to sing it solo:


.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}

He felt I should have done it, and many times on a stage, though, when I'd be sitting off to the side and Larry Knechtel would be playing the piano and Artie would be singing "Bridge", people would stomp and cheer when it was over, and I would think, "That's my song, man..."[7]



Commercial performance


Despite the song's five-minute length, Columbia decided to service "Bridge Troubled Water" to pop radio. Bob Dylan had previously landed a song past the three-minute barrier on AM radio with "Like a Rolling Stone" in 1965, which played into Columbia's decision.[20] It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on February 28, 1970, and stayed at the top of the chart for six weeks. "Bridge over Troubled Water" also topped the adult contemporary chart in the US for six weeks.[21]Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1970.[22]


The song was certified gold for over one million copies in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America,[23] and the song has sold over six million copies worldwide, making it among the best-selling singles.[24][25]



Awards


The single won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year in the Grammy Awards of 1971, with its album also winning several awards in the same year.



Charts and certifications











US chart performance


"Bridge over Troubled Water" entered the Billboard Hot 100 top 40 at no.13 on February 9 1970. It jumped to no.3 the following week before climbing to no.1.
During a six week run at the top - the most for any single that year - Simon and Garfunkel held off strong competition from Creedence Clearwater Revival ("Travelin' Band") and The Jaggerz ("The Rapper"). Then, on 11 April, the song fell to no.5 - replaced by The Beatles' "Let It Be". "Bridge over Troubled Water" concluded a 13 week run in the US top 40 on 9 May as their follow-up hit "Cecilia" began its rise to no.4.



UK chart performance


As in the US, "Bridge over Troubled Water" made its UK top 40 bow at no.13, on 28 February 1970. The song climbed steadily over the next four weeks before claiming no.1 on 28 March. During a three week stay at the top, it held off strong competition from Mary Hopkin with "Knock, Knock Who's There?" and "Can't Help Falling In Love" by Andy Williams.
Then, on 18 April, the song fell to no.2 - replaced by "All Kinds of Everything" by Dana.
In total, "Bridge over Troubled Water" spent seventeen weeks in the UK top 40 (concluding on 27 June).



Covers


"Bridge over Troubled Water" has been covered by over 50 artists,[47] including Elvis Presley and Willie Nelson. Merry Clayton recorded a version in gospel style on her 1970 album Gimme Shelter.[48] A cover recorded by Johnny Cash and Fiona Apple for Cash's American IV: The Man Comes Around album was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2003.[49]



Aretha Franklin


Aretha Franklin's gospel-inspired cover version was released in March 1971 on Atlantic 45-2796 and reached number one on the US R&B chart and number six on the pop chart.[50] The single was certified gold by the RIAA selling two million copies and later won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in the 1972 awards. The single is 3:18 in length. The longer studio version, 5:31 in length, that appears on numerous compilations was first released on Franklin's 1971 compilation Aretha's Greatest Hits. Her version was included on Greatest Moments, Volume III: Various Artists. Franklin also debuted her version at the 1971 Grammy Awards.



Elvis Presley


Elvis Presley recorded it in Nashville on June 5, 1970, and it was released on the 1970 album That's the Way It Is (with a false audience fade-out). He included it in his set list for his next engagement in Las Vegas, which included the filming of the 1970 documentary Elvis: That's the Way It Is,[51] and the song was included in the original theatrical release (included version is from the August 11 dinner show). During that summer season in Vegas, Paul Simon attended one of the shows, and, after seeing Elvis perform the song, he was reported to have said, "That's it, we might as well all give up now."[52] Presley continued to use this song throughout his live performances, including his final live appearance in Indianapolis on June 26, 1977. Another live performance was seen in the Golden Globe-winning documentary Elvis on Tour, filmed at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina, on April 14, 1972. Elvis even sang it at one of his Madison Square Garden Shows back in June 1972.


On the studio version, Robert Matthew Watson wrote in his book Heartbreak Hotel: "Presley's outstanding singing is not disguised. This is a fabulous version, burning with sincerity and power, and finding depths not revealed by the composers."



Linda Clifford






































"Bridge over Troubled Water"

Single by Linda Clifford
from the album Let Me Be Your Woman
B-side "Hold Me Close"
Released 1979
Format 7" single
Genre Disco
Length
4:08 (7" version)
10:20 (Album version)
Label
RSO/Curtom
Songwriter(s) Paul Simon
Producer(s) Gil Askey

Linda Clifford, Curtis Mayfield's protegee signed on his Curtom label, released an up-tempo disco version of "Bridge over Troubled Water" on her album Let Me Be Your Woman in March 1979. This epic version (10:20 in length) was produced by Gil Askey (jazz trumpet player and musical director for many Motown acts) and mixed by Jimmy Simpson, brother of Valerie Simpson from Ashford and Simpson. The song has two originalities, the first one being a 132 bpm tempo (considered the ideal tempo for disco dancing) when the Simon and Garfunkel original is 82 bpm and Aretha Franklin's cover is 76 bpm. It was the first time that this song was covered with a fast tempo. It also has a highly original "Brazilian cuica on a disco beat" break. It became a US disco #11, pop #41, R&B #49 and UK #28.[53]



Cantonese version


A rewriting of the song with Cantonese lyrics ("Many hearts prevail" – zh:滔滔千里心) was collectively sung by many Hong Kong singers for public shows in Hong Kong to raise funds after the Eastern China flood of 1991. In 2009 it was also used in the Artistes 88 Fund Raising Campaign for the victims of Typhoon Morakot.[54]



Dami Im version


Dami Im covered this song during the Family Heroes-themed sixth live show of the fifth season of Australian X Factor on September 29, 2013.[55] Im's performance of the song debuted at number 15 on the Australian Singles Chart. Im later released a version of the song on her self-titled album,[56] which debuted at number 1 in Australia, and was certified Platinum.[57]



Artists for Grenfell Tower charity single






































"Bridge over Troubled Water"
Grenfell Single.jpg

Single by Artists for Grenfell
Released June 21, 2017
Format

  • Digital download

  • charity single
Recorded June 2017
Genre Pop
Length 3:53
Label Syco
Songwriter(s) Paul Simon
Producer(s)

  • Graham Stack

  • Tokio Myers

  • Trevor Horn

To raise money for the families of the victims of the Grenfell Tower fire in June 2017 and for The London Community Foundation, Simon Cowell arranged the recording and release of a charity single on June 21, 2017.[58] London-born grime artist Stormzy featured prominently, having written a fresh 16-line intro to the song which specifically referenced the tragedy. The recording reached number one on the UK Singles Chart on June 23, 2017.[59]



Artists


The song was performed by the following artists (in order of appearance):[58]



Vocals




  • Stormzy

  • Robbie Williams

  • James Blunt

  • Rita Ora

  • Craig David


  • Dan Smith (of Bastille)

  • Liam Payne

  • Emeli Sandé


  • Kelly Jones (of Stereophonics)

  • Paloma Faith

  • Louis Tomlinson

  • Labrinth

  • Jorja Smith

  • WSTRN

  • Leona Lewis

  • Jessie J

  • James Arthur


  • Roger Daltrey (of The Who)

  • Ella Eyre

  • Anne-Marie

  • Ella Henderson

  • Louisa Johnson

  • 5 After Midnight

  • Angel


  • Carl Barât (of The Libertines)

  • Deno

  • Donae'o

  • Dua Lipa

  • Fleur East


  • Gareth Malone and The Choir for Grenfell

  • Geri Halliwell

  • Gregory Porter

  • Jessie Ware

  • John Newman


  • Jon McClure (of Reverend and The Makers)

  • London Community Gospel Choir

  • Matt Goss

  • Matt Terry

  • Mr Eazi

  • Nathan Sykes

  • Omar

  • Pixie Lott

  • Ray BLK

  • Raye

  • Shakka

  • Shane Filan

  • Tom Grennan


  • Tony Hadley (of Spandau Ballet)

  • Tulisa




Instruments




  • Brian May (of Queen) – guitar


  • Nile Rodgers – guitar


  • Tokio Myers – piano


  • Pete Townshend (of The Who) – guitar



Charts



















































Chart (2017)
 Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[60]
 53
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[61]
 32
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[62]
 26
Finland Download (Latauslista)[63]
 23
France (SNEP)[64]
 111
Hungary (Single Top 40)[65]
 31
Ireland (IRMA)[66]
 25
New Zealand Heatseekers (RMNZ)[67]
 4

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[68]
 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[69]
 28

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[59]
 1


Other notable covers




  • The Supremes recorded the song for New Ways but Love Stays (1970), their second studio album by the Jean Terrell-led post Diana Ross-incarnation of the Supremes.


  • Buck Owens and the Buckaroos covered the song in 1971. The version reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in March 1971.


  • Roberta Flack covered the song on her album Quiet Fire (1971).


  • BeBe & CeCe Winans covered the song in 1988 for their album Heaven, which was released as a promo single in 1989.

  • In 1991, P.J.B. featuring Hannah and Her Sisters, a US group assembled by Pete Bellotte and fronted by British singer Hannah Jones, released a dance cover which reached number 21 on the UK Singles Chart.[70]


  • Willie Nelson covered the song in the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.[71]

  • In 2002, Johnny Cash and Fiona Apple covered the song for Cash's album American IV: The Man Comes Around. This version was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2003.

  • In 2005, Anthony Callea covered the song as part of a double A-sided single with "Rain". It reached number one in Australia.


  • Mary J. Blige, David Foster, and Andrea Bocelli performed the song on January 31, 2010, during the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony, in the context of raising awareness for the victims of the Haiti earthquake.[72] This version reached number 75 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

  • On December 9, 2013, Tessanne Chin covered the song on season 5 of NBC's singing competition The Voice for the semifinal round. The song went to the number one spot on iTunes within 12 hours, with her becoming the first contestant to achieve the top chart position at the end of an applicable voting window that season.[73]

  • "A Bridge over You", a charity single recorded and released independently by the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Choir, the choir of the Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust located in south-east London, was a mashup of "Bridge over Troubled Water" by Simon & Garfunkel and Coldplay's 2005 single "Fix You", with additional arrangement by the choir's conductor, Peter Mitchell. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart at Christmas 2015.



Notes





References





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Sources


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}



  • Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-43363-8.


  • Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. ISBN 978-1-59486-427-8.




External links




  • Video recording of "Bridge over Troubled Water" on YouTube, Paul Simon, composer; sung by Art Garfunkel


  • Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics











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Information security

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This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
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Volkswagen Group MQB platform

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The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
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刘萌萌

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body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 刘萌萌 女演员 罗马拼音 Liu Meng Meng 英文名 Cya 国籍   中国 民族 汉族 出生 ( 1989-10-16 ) 1989年10月16日 （ 29歲）   中国辽宁省大连市 职业 演员、艺人 语言 汉语 教育程度 沈阳音乐学院 北京电影学院表演系进修班 活跃年代 2011年至今 唱片公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 经纪公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 网站 刘萌萌 官方微博 刘萌萌 （1989年10月16日 － ），汉族，中国演员，2010年参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》而出道至今，凭借电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角走红。北京电影学院10级表演系（进修班）毕业。 目录 1 主要经历 2 影视作品 2.1 电视剧 2.2 电影 2.3 综艺节目 3 参考文献 4 外部链接 主要经历 1989年，出生于辽宁省大连市一个工人家庭； 2006年，考入沈阳音乐学院舞蹈系本科班学习； 2010年，参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》演艺新秀比赛而出道 [1] ；進入北京电影学院表演系进修班 2011年，出演电视剧《隋唐演义》“琼花公主”一角色； 2012年，担任电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角并开始走红 [2] ； 2013年，担任电视剧《利箭纵横》《利剑行动》 [3] 女主角“林筱雨” 2014年，参加江苏卫视真人秀栏目《花样年华》 [4] 备受瞩目 [5] 。 影视作品 电视剧 首播年份 剧名 角色 备注 2012 《爱情公寓3》 诺澜 2012 《利箭行动》 林筱雨 2013 《隋唐演义》 琼花公主 2013 《决战燕子门》 马晓婉 2014 《利箭纵横》 林筱雨 2014 《屌丝日记》 林洛霏 網絡劇 2014 《爱情公寓4》 诺澜 ...
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