兒茶酚胺（拉丁語：Catecholamine）是具有兒茶酚核的（苯乙）胺類化合物的統稱，是由腎上腺產生的一類應激擬交感「鬥或逃」（Fight or Flight）激素。最重要的兒茶酚胺是腎上腺素（Epinephrine）、去甲腎上腺素（正腎上腺素）和多巴胺（Dopamine），均是從苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸合成。去甲腎上腺素在中樞神經系統內分布廣泛，含量較多，而腎上腺素含量則較少。多巴胺主要集中在錐體外系部位，也是一種神經介質。它們是重要的典型的腎上腺素受體激動劑。不少精神興奮劑也是兒茶酚胺的類似物。
^Broadley KJ. The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines. Pharmacol. Ther. March 2010, 125 (3): 363–375. PMID 19948186. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005.
^Lindemann L, Hoener MC. A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. May 2005, 26 (5): 274–281. PMID 15860375. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007.
^Wang X, Li J, Dong G, Yue J. The endogenous substrates of brain CYP2D. Eur. J. Pharmacol. February 2014, 724: 211–218. PMID 24374199. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.025. The highest level of brain CYP2D activity was found in the substantia nigra ... The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the contribution of the alternative CYP2D-mediated dopamine synthesis to the concentration of this neurotransmitter although the classic biosynthetic route to dopamine from tyrosine is active. ... Tyramine levels are especially high in the basal ganglia and limbic system, which are thought to be related to individual behavior and emotion (Yu et al., 2003c). ... Rat CYP2D isoforms (2D2/2D4/2D18) are less efficient than human CYP2D6 for the generation of dopamine from p-tyramine. The Km values of the CYP2D isoforms are as follows: CYP2D6 (87–121 μm) ≈ CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D18 > CYP2D4 (256 μm) for m-tyramine and CYP2D4 (433 μm) > CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D6 > CYP2D18 (688 μm) for p-tyramine
外部链接
MeSH（醫學主題詞）上面的Catecholamines（美式英语）
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编
神经递质
氨基酸
丙氨酸
天冬氨酸
环丝氨酸
二甲基甘氨酸
γ-氨基丁酸
谷氨酸
甘氨酸
亚牛磺酸
犬尿喹啉酸
N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸
肌氨酸
丝氨酸
牛磺酸
甜菜碱
内源大麻素（英语：Endocannabinoid_system）
2-AG
2-AGE (Noladin醚)
AEA (Anandamide)
NADA
OAE (Virodhamine)
油酸酰胺
PEA (棕榈酰胺乙醇)
RVD-Hpα（英语：RVD-Hpα）
Hemopressin（英语：Hemopressin）
气体递质（英语：Gaseous signaling molecules）
一氧化碳
硫化氢
一氧化氮
一氧化二氮
单胺
多巴胺
肾上腺素
褪黑素
N-乙酰血清素
去甲肾上腺素
血清張力素
嘌呤
腺苷
二磷酸腺苷
一磷酸腺苷
三磷酸腺苷
痕量胺
3-Iodothyronamine（英语：3-Iodothyronamine）
5-MeO-DMT
蟾毒色胺
DMT
NMT
真蛸胺
苯乙胺
脱氧肾上腺素
甲碘胺
色胺
酪胺
其他
1,4-BD
乙酰胆碱
GBL
GHB
組織胺
另见：Template:神经肽
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论
编
周圍神經系統索引
描述
神經系統
神經組織
顱
三叉
頸叢（英语：Template:Cervical plexus）
臂叢（英语：Template:Brachial plexus）
腰骶叢
體感覺
脊神經（英语：Template:Spinal nerves）
自律神經（英语：Template:Autonomic nervous system）
生理
反射（英语：Template:Reflex）
蛋白質（英语：Template:Nerve tissue protein）
神經遞質
運輸蛋白
發育（英语：Template:Development of nervous system）
滋養因子（英语：Template:Neurotrophins）
疾病
自律神經（英语：Template:Autonomic diseases）
先天（英语：Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system）
損傷（英语：Template:Neurotrauma）
腫瘤與癌症
其他（英语：Template:PNS diseases of the nervous system）
症狀
齊名（英语：Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system）
†References for all endogenous human TAAR1 ligands are provided at List of trace amines
‡References for synthetic TAAR1 agonists can be found at TAAR1（英语：TAAR1） or in the associated compound articles. For TAAR2 and TAAR5 agonists and inverse agonists, see TAAR for references.
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th
Farm Security Administration Farm Security Administration logo Agency overview Formed September 1, 1937 ( 1937-09-01 ) Preceding agencies Resettlement Administration Federal Emergency Relief Administration Dissolved 1946 Superseding agency Farmers Home Administration Key documents Farm Security Act Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act The Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States. It succeeded the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937). [1] The FSA stressed "rural rehabilitation" efforts to improve the lifestyle of sharecroppers, tenants, very poor landowning farmers, and a program to purchase submarginal land owned by poor farmers and resettle them in group farms on land more suitable for efficient farming. Critics, including the Farm Bureau, strongly opposed the FSA as an experiment in collectivizing agriculture—that is, in bringing
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