Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ
Leader	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Founded	24 February 1975
Dissolved	15 August 1975
Merger of	Awami League, Communist Party of Bangladesh, National Awami Party (Mozaffar) and Jatiyo League
Headquarters	Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ideology	Bengali nationalism Socialism One Party State
Politics of Bangladesh Political parties Elections

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ "Bangladesh Worker-Peasant's People's League"; বাকশাল) was a political front comprising Bangladesh Awami League, Communist Party of Bangladesh, National Awami Party (Mozaffar) and Jatiyo League.^[1]

The political platform was floated as the national party of Bangladesh with an announcement made by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 24 February 1975, after the theory of Second Revolution was placed and the fourth amendment of the constitution was made on 25 January 1975.^[2] In addition, with the presidential order, all other political parties were outlawed with the formation of BaKSAL.^[3]

The party advocated state socialism as a part of the group of reforms under the theory of Second Revolution. BaKSAL was the decision making council to achieve the objectives of the Second Revolution.^[4]

BaKSAL was dissolved after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.^[5]

With the end of BaKSAL, all the political parties who merged themselves with BaKSAL including Awami League became independent political parties.

Contents

• 
  1 Background
  


• 
  2 Formation
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 Executive Committee
    
  
  
  • 
    2.2 Central Committee
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  3 Activities
  


• 
  4 Dissolution
  


• 
  5 Legacy
  


• 
  6 References
  

Background

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his Awami League won a landslide victory in the 1973 election. Backing for the government waned, however, as supporters became disillusioned by widespread corruption.^[6] In the face of growing unrest, on 28 December 1974 Mujibur Rahman declared a state of emergency, which gave him the power to ban any political group.^[7] He pushed the Fourth Amendment to the constitution through parliament on 25 January 1975. It dissolved all political parties and gave him the authority to institute one-party rule.^[8][9][10]

Formation

On 24 February 1975, Mujib formed a new party, Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL), which all MPs were required to join.^[6][11] Any MP who missed a parliamentary session, abstained, or failed to vote with the party would lose their seat.^[12] All civilian government employees, professionals, and trade union leaders were pressed to join the party.^[6] All other political organisations were banned.^[12] Most Awami League politicians and many from other parties joined BaKSAL, seeing no other way to retain any political power.^[6] The Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party, Purbo Bangla Sammobadi Dal-Marxbadi-Leninbadi (East Bengal Communist Party Marxist–Leninist), East Pakistan Communist Party, and Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) did not join BaKSAL. According to political science professor Talukder Maniruzzaman, BASKSAL was in practice "the Awami League under a different name".^[13]

BaKSAL, the new national party, was scheduled to replace officially the nation's other political organisations, whether those political parties agreed or not, and associations on 1 September 1975.

Organizationally, President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the BaKSAL chairman, appointed for the national party a fifteen-member executive committee, a 120-member central committee, and five front organisations, namely, Jatiya Krishak League, Jatiya Sramik League, Jatiya Mahila League, Jatiya Juba League and Jatiya Chhatra League (peasants, workers, women, youth, and students respectively).^[13] All members of the executive committee and central committee were to enjoy the status of ministers. BaKSAL was also designed to overhaul the administrative system of the country to make it people-oriented.

Executive Committee

1. 
   Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Chairman)


2. 
   Syed Nazrul Islam (Secretary General)


3. 
   Muhammad Mansur Ali (Secretary General)


4. Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman


5. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad


6. Abdul Malek Ukil


7. Professor M. Yousuf Ali
   


8. Manaranjan Dhar


9. Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury


10. Sheikh Abdul Aziz


11. Mohiuddin Ahmed


12. Gazi Golam Mostafa


13. Zillur Rahman


14. Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani


15. Abdur Razzaq

Central Committee

1. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman


2. Syed Nazrul Islam


3. Muhammad Mansur Ali


4. Abdul Malik Ukil


5. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad


6. A.H.M Kamaruzzaman


7. Kazi Linchon


8. Mahmudullah


9. Abdus Samad Azad


10. M. Yousuf Ali


11. Phani Bhushan Majumder


12. Kamal Hossain


13. Sohrab Husin


14. Abdul Mannan


15. Abdur Rab Serniabat


16. Manaranjan Dhar


17. Abdul Matin


18. Asaduzzanan


19. Md Korban Ali


20. Dr. Azizul Rahman Mallik
    


21. Dr. Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury
    


22. Tofael Ahmed


23. Shah Moazzam Hossain


24. Abdul Momin Talukdar


25. Dewan Farid Gazi


26. Professor Nurul Islam Choudhry


27. Taheruddin Thakur


28. Moslemuddin Khan


29. Professor Abu Sayeed


30. MD Nurul Islam Manju


31. KM Obaidur Rahman


32. Dr. Khitish Chandra Mandal
    


33. Reazuddin Ahmad


34. M. Baitullah


35. 
    Rahul Quddus (Secretary)


36. Zillur Rahman


37. Mohiuddin Ahmad MP


38. Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani


39. Abdur Razzaq


40. Sheikh Shahidul Islam


41. Anwar Choudhry


42. Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury


43. Taslima Abed


44. Abdur Rahim


45. Abdul Awal


46. Lutfur Rahman


47. A.K. Muzibur Rahman


48. Dr. Mofiz Choudhry


49. Dr. Allauddin


50. Dr. Ahsanul Haq


51. Raushan Ali


52. Azizur Rahman Akkas


53. Sheikh Abdul Aziz


54. Salahuddin Yusuf


55. Michael Sushil Adhikari


56. Kazi Abdul Hakim


57. Mollah Jalaluddin


58. Shamsuddin Mollah


59. Gour Chandra Bala


60. Gazi Ghulam Mustafa


61. Shamsul Haq


62. Shamsuzzoha


63. Rafiqueuddin Bhuiya


64. Syed Ahmad


65. Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan


66. Nurul Haq


67. Kazi Zahirul Qayyum


68. Capt.(Retd) Sujjat Ali
    


69. M.R. Siddiqui


70. MA Wahab


71. 
    Chittaranjan Sutar,


72. Sayeda Razia Banu


73. Ataur Rahman Khan


74. Khandakar Muhammad Illyas


75. Mong Pru Saire


76. Professor Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury


77. Ataur Rahman


78. Pir Habibur Rahman


79. Syed Altaf Hossain


80. Muhammad Farhad


81. Matia Chowdhury


82. Hazi Danesh


83. 
    Taufiq Inam (Secretary)


84. Nurul Islam (Secretary)


85. 
    Fayezuddin Ahmed (Secretary)


86. Mahbubur Rahman (Secretary)


87. Abdul Khaleque


88. Muzibul Haq (Secretary)


89. Abdur Rahim (Secretary)


90. Moinul Islam (Secretary)


91. 
    Sayeeduzzaman (Secretary)


92. Anisuzzaman (Secretary)


93. Dr. A Sattar (Secretary)


94. M.A Samad (Secretary)


95. Abu Tahir (Secretary)


96. Al Hossaini (Secretary)


97. Dr Tajul Hossain (Secretary)


98. Motiur Rahman. Chairman. TCB


99. Maj. Gen K.M. Safiullah
    


100. Air Vice Marshal Abdul Karim Khandker


101. Commodore M.H. Khan
     


102. Maj Gen. Khalilur Rahman
     


103. A.K. Naziruddin Ahmed


104. Dr. Abdul Matin Chowdhury
     


105. Dr. Mazharul Islam
     


106. Dr. Sramul Haq


107. Badal Ghosh


108. ATM Syed Hossain


109. Nurul Islam


110. Dr. Nilima Ibrahim
     


111. Dr. Nurul Islam PG Hospital
     


112. 
     Obaidul Huq Editor Observer
     


113. 
     Anwar Hossain Manju Editor Ittefaq
     


114. Mizanur Rahman BPI


115. Manawarul Islam


116. Abu Thaer Bhuiyan


117. Brig. A. N. M. Nuruzzaman DG Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini
     


118. Kamruzzaman teachers Association


119. Dr. Mazhar Ali Kadri
     

Activities

Many restrictive regulations coming from the BaKSAL included the promulgation of the Newspaper Ordinance (June 1975; Annulment of Declaration) under which the declarations of all but four state owned newspapers were annulled. The Fourth Amendment was a direct attack on the press freedom which allowed only four newspapers (Dainik Bangla, Bangladesh Observer, The Daily Ittefaq, and Bangladesh Times – these four newspapers were, in fact, owned and managed by the State) to continue their publication and banned the rest of the press and newspaper industries. It brought the whole news media completely under the absolute control of the government.^[14]

Dissolution

The party carried out independently until 1991, when almost all of its party leaders deserted the organisation to merge with the Bangladesh Awami League.^[15]

Legacy

Lawrence Lifschultz wrote in the Far Eastern Economic Review in 1974 that Bangladeshis thought that "the corruption and malpractices and plunder of national wealth" was "unprecedented".^[16]

References

1. 
   ^ Rono, Haider Akbar Khan (2010). Śatābdī pēriẏē শতাব্দী পেরিয়ে (in Bengali). Taraphadara prakashani. p. 335. ISBN 984-779-027-2..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ Ahmed, Moudud (2015). Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. University Press Limited. p. 284. ISBN 978-984-506-226-8.
   


3. 
   ^ Mitra, Subrata Kumar; Enskat, Mike; Spiess, Clemens (2004). Political parties of South Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 226.
   


4. 
   ^ "Bangladesh: The Second Revolution". Time. 10 February 1975. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
   


5. 
   ^ "Bangabandhu: a forbidden name for 16yrs". The Daily Star. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
   


6. 
   ^ ^abcd Khan, Zillur R. (2001). "From Mujib to Zia, Elite Politics in Bangladesh". In Ahmed, Rafiuddin. Religion, Identity & Politics: Essays on Bangladesh. International Academic Publishers. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-1-58868-081-5. ... landslide victory of the Awami League in the 1973 elections ... [those] who were earlier inspired by the charisma of Sheikh Mujib grew increasingly restive in view of what they viewed as widespread corruption ... making it mandatory for members of parliament to join the single national party, called the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL), if they wanted to retain their seats ... most Awami Leaguers, and many others from the other parties, decided to join the BaKSAL. Between Mujib's BaKSAL and total political oblivion, few were left with any choice ... All higher bureaucrats, professional people and trade union leaders were urged to join.
   


7. 
   ^ "State of emergency announced in Dacca". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. 29 December 1974. p. 6A. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
   


8. 
   ^ "Sheikh Assumes Absolute Rule in Bangladesh". The Blade. Toledo, Ohio. Associated Press. 26 January 1975. p. 1. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
   


9. 
   ^ "Mujib names his Govt". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press-Reuter. 28 January 1975. p. 4. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
   


10. 
    ^ "Bangladesh President Takes Over". The Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. United Press International. 24 February 1975. p. 8. Retrieved 4 January 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
    
    


11. 
    ^ "'Second Revolution' Is Sham: No Real Change Seen in Bangladesh". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. Los Angeles Times News Service. 28 February 1975. p. 6. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
    
    


12. 
    ^ ^ab "One man, one party govern Bangladesh". The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 January 1975. p. 1. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
    


13. 
    ^ ^ab Maniruzzaman, Talukder (February 1976). "Bangladesh in 1975: The Fall of the Mujib Regime and Its Aftermath". Asian Survey. University of California Press. 16 (2): 119–129. doi:10.1525/as.1976.16.2.01p0153p. JSTOR 2643140.
    


14. 
    ^ Dowlah, Caf (2016-10-19). The Bangladesh Liberation War, the Sheikh Mujib Regime, and Contemporary Controversies. Lexington Books. p. 124. ISBN 9781498534192.
    


15. 
    ^ "Near East & South Asia: Bangladesh" (PDF). JPRS Report. 1: 10. 12 September 1991. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
    


16. 
    ^ "Tread Warily to the Dream". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 6 February 2010.
    

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v t e Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Bangladesh Liberation War	East Pakistan Muslim Students' League Awami League Six point movement Agartala Conspiracy Case Pakistani general election, 1970 7th March Speech Declaration of Independence Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mujib Bahini
Sheikh Mujib Administration	1st cabinet 2nd cabinet 3rd cabinet 4th cabinet Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Family	Sheikh–Wazed family Sheikh Lutfar Rahman Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Sheikh Kamal Sheikh Jamal Sheikh Hasina Sheikh Rehana Sheikh Russel Sajeeb Wazed Saima Wazed Tulip Siddiq Sultana Kamal M. A. Wazed Miah
Family relatives	Abdur Rab Serniabat Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani Sheikh Fazlul Karim Fazle Noor Taposh
Legacy	The Unfinished Memoirs Karagarer Rojnamcha The Black Coat Mujibnagar Mujib Coat Namesakes
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