Monterey Pass

This article is about the geographic location. For the Civil War military engagement, see Fight at Monterey Pass.

Monterey Pass
aliases: Monterey,[1] Monterey Gap,[2] Monterey Springs[2]
South Mountain, with Monterey Pass at top of photo.
Elevation	~1300 ft
Traversed by	Old Pennsylvania Route 16
Location	Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Range	South Mountain
Coordinates	39°44′09″N 77°28′28″W / 39.73583°N 77.47444°W / 39.73583; -77.47444Coordinates: 39°44′09″N 77°28′28″W / 39.73583°N 77.47444°W / 39.73583; -77.47444
Topo map	USGS

Monterey Pass is a 1,300 feet (0.40 km) mountain pass located in Franklin County, southern Pennsylvania.

Contents

• 
  1 Geography
  


• 
  2 History
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 Gettysburg Campaign
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  3 See also
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 External links
  

Geography

The saddle area lies near Happel's Meadow, ^[3] between Monterey Peak (1,663 ft) and Clermont Crag (1627 ft), in the South Mountain Range of the northern Blue Ridge Mountains System.

It is located near Blue Ridge Summit and the historical Mason–Dixon line.

History

Gettysburg Campaign

Main article: Fight at Monterey Pass

It was the site of the July 1863 Fight at Monterey Pass during the Retreat from Gettysburg in the American Civil War.

The first military engagement at Monterey Pass was on June 22, 1863. Captain Robert B. Moorman, commanding Company D of the 14th Virginia Cavalry^[4] was dispatched eastward from the area between Greencastle, Pennsylvania, and Hagerstown, Maryland, to obtain horses reportedly available from local Southern sympathizers.^[5] After the company passed through Leitersburg, Maryland,^[6] and on to Caledonia Furnace; at Monterey the company encountered Bell's Adams County Cavalry^[1] and the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry,^{[citation needed]} both temporarily based in Gettysburg. After a very brief skirmish, the Confederate troops withdrew toward Hagerstown, joining General Richard S. Ewell, who was advancing with a larger force.^[7]

Previous combat in the area included a June 21 engagement at Fairfield, and subsequent engagements prior to the Battle of Gettysburg included the first combat of Adams County, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War.^[8] (Pennsylvania militia^[9] at Fountain Dale on June 28) and at Emmitsburg, Maryland, on June 24.

In addition to the July 4–5 Fight at Monterey Pass, July 4 combat in the area included the Skirmish at Fairfield Gap, Pennsylvania,^[10] and skirmishes near Emmitsburg MD (9.4 miles east), Zora, Pennsylvania, and Waynesboro, Pennsylvania (6.5 miles west).^[7] As late as July 8, Union forces such as Company D, 10th New York Cavalry, were still in the area.^[2]

East Cemetery Hill

Tablet 6 of 9

Army of the Potomac

July 4, 1863

First and Second Brigade, First Cavalry Division marched from

Westminster The Reserve Brigade First Cavalry Division from

Gettysburg en route to Frederick Second Brigade Second Cavalry

Division from Westminster via Emmitsburg to Monterey The Third

Brigade Second Cavalry Division from Gettysburg to Hunterstown and the

Third Cavalry Division from Gettysburg via Emmitsburg to Monterey

Fight at Monterey Gap Pennsylvania

Skirmishes at Fairfield Gap Pennsylvania and near Emmitsburg Md

See also

• Blue Ridge Mountains topics


• Monterey Country Club

References

1. 
   ^ ^ab Nye, Wilbur Sturtevant (1988). Here come the Rebels!. Dayton OH: Press of Morningside Bookshop. pp. 243–44. ISBN 0-89029-780-0..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ ^abc Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Part II --Record-- of Events Vol. 41. Wilmington NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company. p. 427,458. ISBN 1-56837-342-2. July 8. – [Marched to] near Monterey Springs [Gap].
   


3. 
   ^ Washtwp-franklin.org: Happel's Meadow
   


4. 
   ^ Eastern Washington Cavalry Association
   


5. 
   ^ Library of Congress
   


6. 
   ^ Hughes' Iron Works Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
   


7. 
   ^ ^ab Emmitsburg Area Historical Society
   


8. 
   ^ Heritage Tour – 2008. Lindy Bumbaugh, guide. p. 6,12.
   


9. 
   ^ Dyer, Frederick H (1994). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Wilmington NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company. p. 827.
   


10. 
    ^ Army of the Potomac [tablet 6 of 9], on East Cemetery Hill of Gettysburg Battlefield: National Park Service
    

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blue Ridge Mountains.

• Emmitsburg.net: Map of Monterey Pass area military engagements

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