百日咳杆菌












 

如何讀生物分類框
百日咳博德特氏杆菌

Bordetella pertussis.jpg


科學分類






























界：
细菌域 Bacteria
門：
变形菌门 Proteobacteria
綱：
β-变形菌纲 Betaproteobacteria
目：
伯克氏菌目 Burkholderiales
科：
产碱菌科 Alcaligenaceae
屬：
博德氏菌属 Bordetella
種：
百日咳博德特氏菌 B. pertussis


二名法

Bordetella pertussis
(Bergey et al. 1923)
Moreno-López 1952

百日咳博德特氏杆菌（Bordetella pertussis）是一种革兰氏阴性、好氧性、博德氏菌属的球杆菌（一说是短杆菌，见参考来源2），而且是百日咳的病原体。与支气管败血博德氏杆菌不同，百日咳杆菌没有能动性。


人类是百日咳博德特氏杆菌的唯一宿主，所以它并非人畜共通传染病病菌。


这种细菌主要通过空气和飞沫传播，潜伏期7－14天。




目录






  • 1 百日咳


  • 2 致病性


  • 3 诊断


  • 4 参考来源


  • 5 外部链接





百日咳


百日咳是一种呼吸系统传染病，症状主要表现为呼吸时带有咳喘声。因病程較长，故名百日咳，而并非一定要患病百日。在疫苗研发之前，全美每年有5,000到10,000人死于该病。根据世界卫生组织的调查，2000年全球有3千9百万人患病，其中约有297,000人死亡。


该病的易感人群主要集中在1岁以下的婴儿，或是处于疫苗失效期的11到18岁的青少年。该病的症状与所谓的普通感冒相似：流鼻涕，打喷嚏，咳嗽，发低烧。患者在咳嗽开始两个星期后的卡它期传染力最强，咳嗽、打喷嚏、甚至说话时都会通过空气传播病菌。这段时期（卡它期）之后，症状恶化，呼吸时带有咳声或是呕吐。成人症状稍缓，主要是长期咳嗽。在带有杂音的呼吸后一阵急咳是该病的典型症状（6个月以下的婴儿可能不会有呼吸杂音）。阵咳有可能持续一分钟以上，并造成 发绀，呼吸暂停或者痉挛。


百日咳博德特氏杆菌由于可以减少淋巴球进入淋巴结，成为了淋巴球增高的因素之一，成人的淋巴球数会超过4000个/μL，而儿童的会超过8000个/μL。


破伤风的疫苗主要是混合型的“百白破”（DTaP）三联混合疫苗 (白喉，破伤风和百日咳)。



致病性


百日咳博德特氏杆菌的致病物质包括了荚膜、菌毛、内毒素和多种生物活性物质。菌毛有利于菌体黏附，荚膜有抗吞噬作用。毒素主要包括五种：百日咳毒素（pertussis toxin）、腺苷酸环化酶毒素（adenylate cyclase toxin）、气管细胞毒素（tracheal cytotoxin）、皮肤坏死毒素以及丝状血凝素（filamentous hemagglutinin）。



诊断


微生物学的检查方法是，取鼻咽拭子样品送至细菌实验室进行革兰氏染色实验。在加入了头孢菌素的博-金培养基（Bordet-Gengou medium，含甘油，马铃薯，血液等）或缓冲炭酵母浸膏（BCYE）上培养，会长出水银样菌落。


该菌是氧化酶阳性，但却是尿素酶、硝酸酶以及柠檬酸阴性，它也无能动性。



参考来源


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  • Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology 4th ed. McGraw Hill. 2004. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)


  • 周正任; 潘兴瑜. 病原生物学. 科学出版社. 2001. ISBN 7-03-009530-8.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)




外部链接



  • 微生物免疫學-Bordetella pertussis(百日咳桿菌)

  • 世卫组织提供的百日咳的资料




  • Baron所著的Medical Microbiology一书中有关博德氏菌属的章节 (美国国家生物技术信息中心的电子书目)。

  • ARUP的参考资料

  • 英国医疗保健中心资料





























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