Sadri language




"Gawari" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Gavari, Gawri, or Gauri.










































Sadri
Nagpuri
Sadani
Native to India
Region
Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha
Ethnicity Nagpuri people
Native speakers
 5.1 million (2011 census)[1][2]
Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.
Language family

Indo-European

  • Indo-Iranian

    • Indo-Aryan

      • Eastern

        • Bihari
          • Sadri
Early form

Prakrit
Writing system
Devanagari, Kaithi, Eastern Nagari, Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
sck – Sadri
sdr – Oraon Sadri
Glottolog
sada1242[3]

Sadri (Nagpuri) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It is sometimes considered a Hindi dialect.[4] It is the native language of the Sadan or Nagpuri people, an ethno-linguistic group of the Chota Nagpur region.[2] In addition to native speakers, Sadri is also used as a lingua franca by members of a large number of tribal groups such as the Kharia, Munda, Bhumij, and Kurukh, many of whom have adopted Sadri as their first language.[4] It spoken by many Tea-tribes of Assam, West Bengal and Bangladesh.[5] According to the 2011 Census, there were 5,108,691 speakers of the Nagpuri language, including 4,345,677 identifying as "Sadan/Sadri" and 763,014 as "Nagpuria". [1]




Contents






  • 1 Etymology


  • 2 Geographical Distribution


  • 3 History


  • 4 Script


  • 5 Vocabulary


  • 6 Media


    • 6.1 Literature




  • 7 Sample phrases


  • 8 Alternate names


  • 9 See also


  • 10 References





Etymology


The origin of Sadani/Sadri and other related terms is somewhat obscure. Probably the term "Sadan" derive from nisaada, referring to an ethnic group of North India.
[4] The name Nagpur is probably taken from Nagvanshi, who ruled in this part of the country. [6]



Geographical Distribution


Nagpuri language is chiefly spoken in western Chota Nagpur Plateau region of west-central Jharkhand in districts such as Latehar, Lohardaga, Chatra, Palamu, Garhwa, Gumla, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti, West Singhbhum, North-east Chhattisgarh in district Jashpur, Surguja, Northern Odisha in Sundargarh and south-west Bihar in Aurangabad district.[5][2]



History


Nagpuri language evolved from Prakrit languages. Its literary tradition started around 17th century. During reign of Nagvanshi and kings of Ramgarh, several Nagpuri poems written in Devanagari and Kaithi script.
[7]



Script


In past, either Devanagari or Kaithi script were use in writing Nagpuri poems.
[7] In present,
Nagpuri is commonly written in the Devanagari script, an abugida. Devanagari consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants and written from left to right.[8]



Vocabulary


The main source Nagpuri lexicon is Prakrit and Sanskrit. During the medieval period contact with North India resulted in introduction of some Persian words.



Media



Literature


During reign of Nagvanshi Kings and kings of Ramgarh several Nagpuri poems written in Devanagari and Kaithi script.
[7]


Nagpuri, taught at Ranchi University and other universities of Jharkhand. Many Sadri magazines have published in various parts of India including in Ranchi, Shillong, Dooars and Tarai regions of West Bengal.



Sample phrases





































































































































Phrases Transliteration English Translation
मोर नाम महेश हेके। Mor naam Mahesh heke My name is Mahesh.
तोयं कैसन आहीस्? Toen kaiisan aahis? How are you ?
मौं ठीक आहों। Moen thik aahon I am fine.
हं Hon Yes
नीहीं Nihin No
का? Ka? What?
के? Ke? Who?
काकरे? Kakare? Why?
कैसन? Kaisan? How?
कोन? Kon? Which?
कतई खने? Katai khane? When?
हीयां आओ Hian aao Come here
मोैं घर जात होंं। Moen ghar jat hon I am going to home.
मौं खा हों। Moen khaa hon I have eaten.
मौं खाए रहों। Moen Khae rohon I had eaten.
तोयं आबे। Toen aabe You will come.
हामे लीखत ही। Hame likhot hi We are writing.
हामे लीख ही। Hame likh hi We have written.
उगो आवेला। Oogo aawela He/She come.
उ छोणा गो आवत हे। Oo Chhonra go aawot he That boy is coming.
उगो आवत रेहे। Oogo aawot rehe He/She was coming.
उगो खेली। Oogo kheli He/She will play.
उमन रोटी खा हैं। Ooman roti kha hain They have eaten bread.
उमन गेलैं। Ooman gelain They went.
उमन घर जाबैं। Ooman ghar jabain They will go home.


Alternate names


Alternate names of dialects include: Sadani, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri, Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Nagpuri, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari, Gauuari, Jharkhandhi.[9][10][11]



See also


  • List of languages by number of native speakers in India


References





  1. ^ ab "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abc "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-26.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sadani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


  4. ^ abc "Sadani / Sadri". www.southasiabibliography.de.


  5. ^ ab "Sadri". Ethnologue.


  6. ^ Sir John Houlton, Bihar, the Heart of India, pp. 127-128, Orient Longmans, 1949.


  7. ^ abc "Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry". www.telegraphindia.com.


  8. ^ "Sadani / Sadri". www.southasiabibliography.de.


  9. ^
    "Sadri (Language code 'sck')". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  10. ^
    "Oraon Sadri (Language code 'sdr')". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  11. ^ "Ethnologue report for language code: sck". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-08-25.












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