Superintendent of the United States Military Academy








Logo of the Military Academy


The Superintendent of the United States Military Academy is its commanding officer. This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. The officer appointed is, by tradition, a graduate of the United States Military Academy, commonly known as "West Point". However, this is not an official requirement for the position.


The Superintendency had often been a stepping stone to higher prominence in the Army. Four Superintendents became Chief of Staff of the Army: Hugh Lenox Scott, Douglas MacArthur, Maxwell Davenport Taylor, and William Westmoreland. The list of Superintendents includes five Medal of Honor recipients: Oliver Otis Howard, Douglas MacArthur, Albert Leopold Mills, John McAllister Schofield, John Moulder Wilson. Many Superintendents later became Commanding Generals, such as Joseph Gardner Swift. The post is now a terminal assignment in the Army; as a condition for detail to the position, officers are required by law to acknowledge that they will retire at the end of their appointment.[1] This formulation was meant to secure the independence of Superintendents from unlawful command influence; however, in practice the resulting "lame duck" status restricts their power and influence in the Army. There has been discussion about reverting to the previous system or recalling a retired officer to fill the post.


The billet carries the rank of lieutenant general, and is not counted against the Army's statutory limit on the number of active-duty officers above the rank of major general. For example, General Andrew Goodpaster originally retired from active duty as a full general, was recalled to assume the superintendency as a lieutenant general, and reverted to his four-star rank upon his second retirement.




Contents






  • 1 Superintendents


  • 2 See also


  • 3 References





Superintendents



Note: "Class year" refers to the alumnus's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.

A "—" in the Class year column indicates a Superintendent who is not an alumnus of the Academy.





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































#
Start
End
Name
Class year
Notability
References
1
1801
1803

Jonathan Williams
 —

Colonel; Chief of Engineers; he vacated (rather than resigned) in June 1803, returning to the Superintendency in April 1805; elected to the Fourteenth United States Congress in 1815

[2][3][4]

(acting)
1803
1805

Decius Wadsworth
 —

Colonel; appointed 1st Chief of Ordnance in 1812; invented Wadsworth's cipher in 1817

[5][6][7]
2
1805
1812

Jonathan Williams
 —

Colonel; Chief of Engineers; he vacated (rather than resigned) in June 1803, returning to the Superintendency in April 1805; elected to the Fourteenth United States Congress in 1815

[2][4]
3
1812
1814

Joseph Gardner Swift
1802

Brigadier general; first graduate of the Academy; Chief of Engineers

a[›][4]
4
1814
1817

Alden Partridge
1806

Captain; served as Acting Superintendent and Professor of Engineering; his administration was regarded as unsatisfactory and negligent to duties; when Sylvanus Thayer was appointed, Partridge refused to relinquish command and was court-martialed; he was sentenced to be cashiered in November 1817, and resigned from the Army in April 1818

a[›][8]
5
1817
1833

Sylvanus Thayer
1808

Brigadier general; "Father of West Point"; emphasized engineering; founded engineering schools; helped found the Academy's Association of Graduates; Sylvanus Thayer Award created by the Academy in his honor

a[›][9][10]
6
1833
1838

René Edward De Russy
1812

Brigadier general; military engineer; Union Army veteran

a[›][11]
7
1838
1845

Richard Delafield
1818

Major general; Chief of Engineers; American Civil War veteran; served as 7th, 11th, and 13th Superintendents

a[›][4]
8
1845
1852

Henry Brewerton
1819

Brigadier general; military engineer; Union Army veteran

a[›][12]
9
1852
1855

Robert E. Lee
1829

Colonel USA; graduated second in his class at the Academy, without demerits; son George Washington Custis Lee, class of 1854, graduated first in class; served in Confederate States Army ( 1861–1865); President, Washington and Lee University (1865–70)

a[›][13]
10
1855
1856

John Gross Barnard
1833

Major general; military engineer; Union Army veteran

a[›][14]
11
1856
1861

Richard Delafield
1818

Major general; Chief of Engineers; Union Army veteran; served as 7th, 11th, and 13th Superintendents

a[›][4]
12
1861
1861

Pierre Gustave Toutant (P.G.T.) Beauregard
1838

General CSA; military engineer; ordered the firing of shots at Fort Sumter, South Carolina that started the Civil War

a[›][15]
13
1861
1861

Richard Delafield
1818

Major general; Chief of Engineers; Union Army veteran; served as 7th, 11th, and 13th Superintendents

a[›][4]
14
1861
1864

Alexander Hamilton Bowman
1825

Lieutenant Colonel; military engineer; son Charles Stuart Bowman graduated from the Academy, class of 1860

a[›][16]
15
1864
1864

Zealous Bates Tower
1841

Major general; military engineer; Union Army veteran

a[›][17]
16
1864
1866

George Washington Cullum
1833

Brigadier general; military engineer; wrote Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. in 1891 and developed the Cullum number system

a[›][18]
17
1866
1871

Thomas Gamble Pitcher
1845

Brigadier general; veteran of Battle of Harper's Ferry, Mexican–American War, and the Civil War

a[›][19]
18
1871
1876

Thomas H. Ruger
1854

Major general; military engineer and lawyer; veteran of Civil War; military engineer and lawyer; military Governor of Georgia (1868)

a[›][20]
19
1876
1881

John McAllister Schofield
1853

Lieutenant general; recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions leading an attack at the Battle of Wilson's Creek; Superintendent of the Academy (1876–81); Commanding General of the United States Army (1888–95)

a[›][21]
20
1881
1882

Oliver Otis Howard
1854

Major general; recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions leading an attack at the Battle of Seven Pines despite wound which resulted in the loss of his right arm; led the campaign against Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce tribe; founder of Howard University

a[›][22]
21
1882
1887

Wesley Merritt
1860

Major general; veteran of the Civil War and Spanish–American War; first Military Governor of the Philippines

a[›][21]
22
1887
1889

John Parke
1849

Major general; military engineer; Union Army veteran

a[›][23]
23
1889
1893

John Moulder Wilson
1860

Brigadier general; recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Malvern Hill though acutely ill; Chief of Engineers (1897–1901)

a[›][4]
24
1893
1898

Oswald Herbert Ernst
1864

Major general; military engineer; Union Army and Spanish–American War veteran

a[›][24]
25
1898
1906

Albert Leopold Mills
1879

Major general; recipient of the Medal of Honor for continuing to lead his men at the Battle of San Juan Hill despite being shot in the head and temporarily blinded; appointed Superintendent to West Point by President McKinley, which carried automatic promotion from First Lieutenant to Colonel

a[›][25][26]
26
1906
1910

Hugh L. Scott
1876

Major general; learned to speak many western Native American languages; Chief of Staff of the Army (1914–17)

a[›][27]
27
1910
1912

Thomas Henry Barry
1877

Major general; cavalry and infantry officer; veteran of Indian Wars, China Relief Expedition, and Philippine–American War

a[›][28]
28
1912
1916

Clarence Page Townsley
1881

Major general; coastal artillery officer; commanded 30th Infantry Division during World War I

a[›][29]
29
1916
1917

John Biddle
1881

Major general; military engineer; World War I veteran

a[›][30]
30
1917
1919

Samuel Escue Tillman
1869

Brigadier general; recalled from retirement during World War I to serve as superintendent; refused to add military aviation to the curriculum; instructor at the Academy for more than 30 years; author of numerous books on chemistry and geology

a[›][31]
31
1919
1922

Douglas MacArthur
1903

General of the Army, Field Marshal in the Philippine Army; United States occupation of Veracruz; Second Battle of the Marne, Battle of Saint-Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne Offensive during World War I; commander of the 42nd Infantry Division; established Honor Code, and intramural sports at the U.S. Military Academy; brigade commander in the Philippine Division; commander of the Philippine Department; Chief of Staff of the United States Army (1930–35); recipient of the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Bataan, commander of the South West Pacific Area during World War II; Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers during the Occupation of Japan; Korean War; grandson of Wisconsin Governor Arthur MacArthur, Sr.; son of Lieutenant General and Medal of Honor recipient Arthur MacArthur, Jr.

a[›][32][33]
32
1922
1925

Fred Winchester Sladen
1890

Major general; Superintendent of Fort McHenry National Monument (1931–32)

a[›][34]
33
1926
1927

Merch Bradt Stewart
1896

Brigadier general; infantry officer; Spanish–American War veteran; commander 175th Infantry Brigade during World War I

a[›][35]
34
1927
1928

Edwin Baruch Winans
1891

Major general; instructor at military schools; commended for leadership of the 10th Cavalry Regiment

a[›][36]
35
1929
1932

William Ruthven Smith
1892

Major general; artillery and infantry officer; commanded 36th Infantry Division during World War I

a[›][37]
36
1932
1938

William Durward Connor
1897

Major general; awarded two Silver Stars; Commandant of Army War College
a[›]
37
1938
1940

Jay Leland Benedict
1904

Major general; artillery and staff officer; Army General Staff during World War II

a[›][38]
38
1940
1942

Robert L. Eichelberger
1909

General; American Expeditionary Force Siberia; commanded Eighth United States Army in World War II

a[›][39]
39
1942
1945

Francis Bowditch Wilby
1905

Major general; Chief of Staff of First United States Army (1939–41)

a[›][40]
40
1945
1949

Maxwell Davenport Taylor
1922

General; developed the phrasing of the Cadet Honor Code at the Academy; commander of 101st Airborne Division (1944–45); Chief of Staff of the Army (1955–59); Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1962–64); United States Ambassador to South Vietnam (1964–65)

a[›][41]
41
1949
1951

Bryant Edward Moore
August 1917

General; commanded 8th Infantry Division killed in a helicopter crash on 24 February 1951 while commanding the IX Corps during the Korean War

a[›][42]
42
1951
1954

Frederick Augustus Irving
April 1917

Major general; commander 24th Infantry Division during World War II

a[›][43]
43
1954
1956

Blackshear M. Bryan
1922

Lieutenant general; commanded Prisoner of War Division for all the United States during World War II; commanded First United States Army (1957–60); his son, Blackshear M. Bryan, Jr., class of 1954, was killed in Vietnam

a[›][44]
44
1956
1960

Garrison H. Davidson
1927

Lieutenant general; Academy football coach (1933–37); combat engineer during World War II and the Korean War; helped construct The Pentagon

a[›][45]
45
1960
1963

William Westmoreland
1936

General; Distinguished Eagle Scout; given the Pershing Sword for the most able cadet upon graduation from the Academy; commander 101st Airborne Division; commander Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (1964–68); Chief of Staff of the Army (1968–72)

a[›][46]
46
1963
1966

James Benjamin Lampert
1936

Lieutenant general; combat engineer during World War II; early pioneer of nuclear weapons and nuclear power, served as General Leslie Groves' executive officer as part of the Manhattan Project after World War II; his father, James G. B. Lampert, class of 1910 was killed in World War I

a[›][47]
47
1966
1969

Donald V. Bennett
1940

General; Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (1969–72); commander United States Army Pacific (1972–74)

a[›][48]
48
1969
1970

Samuel William Koster
1942

Major General but demoted to Brigadier General and denied a promotion to Lieutenant General for covering up the My Lai Massacre

a[›][49]
49
1970
1974

William Allen Knowlton
January 1943

General; World War II and Vietnam War veteran; his daughter married General David Petraeus who was a cadet while Knowlton was Superintendent; Chief of Staff for United States European Command (1974–76)

a[›][50]
50
1974
1977

Sidney Bryan Berry
1948

Lieutenant general; Korean and Vietnam War veteran, wounded twice in Vietnam; Superintendent during the time women were first admitted to the Academy; Commissioner of Public Safety for the state of Mississippi (1980–84)

a[›][51]
51
1977
1981

Andrew Jackson Goodpaster
1939

General; 8th Infantry Division (1961–62); Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (1969–74); Commander in Chief of the United States European Command (CINCEUR) (1969–74); retired then became Superintendent, then retired a second time

a[›][52]
52
1981
1986

Willard Warren Scott, Jr.
1948

Lieutenant general; commander 25th Infantry Division (1976–78); commander V Corps (1980–81)

a[›][53]
53
1986
1991

Dave Richard Palmer
1956

Lieutenant general; military historian; instructor at the Academy and the Vietnamese National Military Academy
[54]
54
1991
1996

Howard D. Graves
1961

Lieutenant general; Rhodes Scholar; military engineer; Chancellor of the Texas A&M University System (1999–2003)
[55]
55
1996
2001

Daniel William Christman
1965

Lieutenant general; graduated first in his class in 1965; Senior Vice President for International Affairs, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; four-time recipient of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal.
[56]
56
2001
2006

William James Lennox, Jr.
1971

Lieutenant general; artillery and staff officer; Deputy Commanding General Eighth United States Army; doctorate in literature from Princeton University
[57]
57
2006
2010

Franklin Lee Hagenbeck
1971

Lieutenant general; commander 10th Mountain Division (2001–03)
[58]
58
2010
2013

David H. Huntoon
1973

Lieutenant general; Director of the Army Staff; Former Commandant of the U.S. Army War College
[59]
59
2013
2018

Robert L. Caslen
1975

Lieutenant general; chief of staff for Combined Joint Task Force-180 (CJTF-180) in Afghanistan from May through September 2002; Chief of the Office of Security Cooperation for Iraq
[60]
60
2018


Darryl A. Williams
1983

Lieutenant general; Managed U.S. response to the West African Ebola virus epidemic in 2016; Commander of NATO Allied Land Command (2016–2018); First black superintendent in the academy's history
[61]




Jonathan Williams (1801–03), (1805–12)



Joseph Swift (1812–14)



Sylvanus Thayer (1817–1833)



Robert E. Lee (1852–55)



Richard Delafield (1856–61)



George Cullum (1864–66)



John Schofield (1876–81)



Douglas MacArthur (1919–22)



Maxwell Taylor (1945–49)



Garrison Davidson (1956–60)



William Westmoreland (1960–63)



Daniel Christman (1996–2001)



Franklin Hagenbeck (2006–10)




See also




  • List of Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy

  • List of Superintendents of the United States Air Force Academy







References


General

^ a: Special Collections: Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy. West Point, NY: United States Military Academy Library. 1950..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


Inline citations




  1. ^ Dwyer, Jim (3 January 2009). "Willard W. Scott Jr. Is Dead at 82; Led West Point Through Change". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-13.


  2. ^ ab "Williams, Jonathan, (1750–1815)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2009-04-06.


  3. ^ "Williams, Jonathan Mss". Lilly Library Manuscript Collections. Indiana University. Retrieved 2009-04-06.


  4. ^ abcdefg "Commanders of the Corps of Engineers". United States Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original on 22 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-31.


  5. ^ Cohen, Fred (1995). "A Short History of Cryptography". Fred Cohen & Associates. Retrieved 2009-04-09.


  6. ^ Ambrose, Stephen E. (1969). Duty, Honor, Country: A History of West Point. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 28–29, 34. ISBN 0-8018-6293-0. Retrieved 2009-04-09.


  7. ^ Crackle, Theodore (2003). West Point: A Bicentennial History (Illustrated ed.). Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. pp. 60–66. ISBN 0-7006-1294-7.


  8. ^ "Alden Partridge". United States Military Academy. 31 January 2002. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06.


  9. ^ "Sylvanus Thayer (1785–1872) Class Of 1808". West Point in the Making of America. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-04-07.


  10. ^ "The Sylvanus Thayer Award". West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2009.


  11. ^ "Civil War Defenses of Washington". National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  12. ^ Boatner III, Mark Mayo (1988) [1959]. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay. p. 84. ISBN 0-8129-1726-X.


  13. ^ Freeman, Douglas S. (1934). R.E. Lee, A Biography. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 301, 375–95, 425, 476, 602, . Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  14. ^ "Civil War Defenses of Washington". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  15. ^ Williams, T. Harry (1955). P.G.T. Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 2–47, 91–168, 203–07. ISBN 0-8071-1974-1.


  16. ^ Johnson, Frederick Charles (1889). The Historical Record. 3. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania: Press of the Wilkes-Barre Record. pp. 111–112. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  17. ^ "Zealous Bates Tower". Aztec Club. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  18. ^ "Culllum Society". West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.


  19. ^ "Thomas Gamble Pitcher". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  20. ^ "Georgia Governors' Gravesites Field Guide, 1776–2003" (PDF). Georgia Historic Preservation Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2006. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  21. ^ ab Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 472–473. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.


  22. ^ "Medal of Honor Recipients, Civil War (A–L)". Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2009-04-04.


  23. ^ "Col. John G. Parke" (PDF). The New York Times. 18 December 1900. Retrieved 2009-04-20.


  24. ^ Leonard, John W.; Marquis, Albert Nelson (1913). Who's who in America. III. Chicago, IL: A.N. Marquis & Co. pp. 655–656. Retrieved 2009-04-20.


  25. ^ "Medal of Honor Recipients War With Spain". Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2009-04-12.


  26. ^ "Gen. A.L. Mills, Ill 12 Hours, Dies" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-12.


  27. ^ "Hugh Lenox Scott". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved 2009-04-21.


  28. ^ "General T.H. Barry Dies In Washington" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 December 1919. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  29. ^ "Past USMA & WPAOG Leadership" (PDF). West Point Association of Graduates. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
    [permanent dead link]



  30. ^ "Col. Biddle To West Point". The New York Times. 18 May 1916. Retrieved 2009-04-29.


  31. ^ "Tillman, Samuel Escue". The Mineralogical Record. 2009. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.


  32. ^ "Medal of Honor Recipients World War II (M-S)". Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 2009-04-02.


  33. ^ Thompson, Paul (24 July 2005). "Douglas MacArthur: Born to Be a Soldier". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 14 August 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.


  34. ^ Sladen, Joseph Alton; Sweeney, Edwin Russell (1997). Making Peace With Cochise: The 1872 Journal of Captain Joseph Alton Sladen. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. xiii. ISBN 0-8061-2973-5. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  35. ^ "At West Point". Time. 17 October 1927.


  36. ^ "Major General Edwin B. Winans". Brigham Young University. Retrieved 2009-04-21.


  37. ^ "Smith, William Ruthven". Texas State Historical Association. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  38. ^ "Jay Leland Benedict". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  39. ^ "Robert Lawrence Eichelberger". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved 2009-04-22.


  40. ^ "Gen. Francis B. Wilby, 82, Dies; Headed West Point During War". The New York Times. 21 November 1965.


  41. ^ Krebs, Albin (21 April 1987). "Maxwell D. Taylor, Soldier and Envoy, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-22.


  42. ^ "Death on the Han". Time. 5 March 1951. Retrieved 2009-04-22.


  43. ^ "Frederick Augustus Irving" (PDF). Bowdoin College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 2009-04-23.


  44. ^ "New Command Team In Korea". Time. 5 March 1951. Retrieved 2009-04-24.


  45. ^ Ray, Max (1980). The History of the First United States Army From 1918 to 1980. Fort Meade MD: First United States Army. pp. 120, 124.


  46. ^ "Obituary: General William Westmoreland". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
    [dead link]



  47. ^ Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan (2001). Keystone: The American Occupation of Okinawa and U.S.–Japanese Relations. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. p. 185. ISBN 0-89096-969-8. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  48. ^ Bartelt, Eric S. (9 December 2005). "Former Superintendent dies". United States Military Academy. Retrieved 2009-04-24.


  49. ^ Stout, David (11 February 2006). "Gen. S.W. Koster, 86, Who Was Demoted After My Lai, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-24.


  50. ^ "Hollister Knowlton Betrothed To David H. Petraeus, a Cadet". The New York Times. 12 May 1974. p. GN57. Retrieved 2009-04-24.


  51. ^ "What Price Honor?". Time. 7 June 1976. Retrieved berry. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)


  52. ^ "General Andrew J. Goodpaster, USA". NATO. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-24.


  53. ^ "United States Army, V Corps Leaders". V Corps. 27 June 2008. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  54. ^ "2005 Distinguished Graduate Award: David R. Palmer". West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2009.


  55. ^ Eric Pace (16 September 2003). "Gen. Howard D. Graves, 64; Led West Point and Texas A&M". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-04.


  56. ^ "Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman". West-Point.org. Retrieved 2009-04-19.


  57. ^ Hamburger, Andrea (19 July 2002). "USMA celebrates St. Cyr's bicentennial". United States Military Academy. Retrieved 2009-04-25.


  58. ^ John Doherty (28 February 2006). "New Point leader named". Times Herald-Record. Retrieved 22 September 2013.


  59. ^ "Lt. Gen. David H. Huntoon Jr. Becomes New Superintendent of West Point". Fox News. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2013.


  60. ^ Mike Strasser (17 July 2013). "Caslen assumes command of West Point". U.S. Army. Retrieved 22 September 2013.


  61. ^ West Point gets 1st black superintendent in 216-year history Retrieved 6th July, 2018















Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Lambak Kiri

章鱼与海女图