Hypertrophy














Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy.svg
Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number
Classification and external resources
MeSH D006984
[edit on Wikidata]


Hypertrophy (/haɪˈpɜːrtrəfi/, from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.[1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.[2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.


Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart.[3]Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).




Gallery




Forensic post-mortem examination of a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, showing thickening of the cardiac muscle.











-plasia and -trophy



  • Anaplasia (structural differentiation loss within a cell or group of cells).


  • Aplasia (organ or part of organ missing)


  • Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate)


  • Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells)


  • Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation)


  • Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype)


  • Metaplasia (conversion in cell type)


  • Prosoplasia (development of new cell function)


  • Desmoplasia (connective tissue growth)



  • Atrophy (reduced functionality of an organ, with decrease in the number or volume of cells)


  • Hypertrophy (increase in the volume of cells)


  • Hypotrophy (decrease in the volume of cells)

  • Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue)


  • Dystrophy (any degenerative disorder resulting from improper or faulty nutrition)

  • v

  • t

  • e





See also



  • Athlete's heart


  • Ventricular hypertrophy (including left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy)

  • Muscle hypertrophy

  • List of biological development disorders



References





  1. ^ Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Updated by Linda J. Vorvick. 8/14/15.Hyperplasia


  3. ^ Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8




External links


  • University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy








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