5-HT receptor

The 5-HT_1B receptor as an example of a metabotropic serotonin receptor. Its crystallographic structure in ribbon representation

5-hydroxytryptamine receptors or 5-HT receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.^[1][2][3] They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand.

The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine / norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, as well as many hormones, including oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, and substance P, among others. The serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. The serotonin receptors are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, including many antidepressants, antipsychotics, anorectics, antiemetics, gastroprokinetic agents, antimigraine agents, hallucinogens, and entactogens.^[4]

Serotonin receptors are found in almost all animals and are even known to regulate longevity and behavioral aging in the primitive nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.^[5][6]

Contents

• 
  1 Classification
  
  
  
  • 
    1.1 Families
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 Subtypes
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  2 Expression patterns
  


• 
  3 5-HT₁-like
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 External links
  

Classification

5-hydroxytryptamine receptors or 5-HT receptors, or serotonin receptors are found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.^[1][2]
They can be divided into 7 families of G protein-coupled receptors except for the 5-HT₃ receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, which activate an intracellular second messenger cascade to produce an excitatory or inhibitory response.
In 2014, a novel 5-HT receptor was isolated from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, and named pr5-HT₈. It does not occur in mammals and shares relatively low similarity to the known 5-HT receptor classes.^[7]

Families

Family	Type	Mechanism	Potential
5-HT1	Gi/Go-protein coupled.	Decreasing cellular levels of cAMP.	Inhibitory
5-HT2	Gq/G11-protein coupled.	Increasing cellular levels of IP3 and DAG.	Excitatory
5-HT3	Ligand-gated Na+ and K+ cation channel.	Depolarizing plasma membrane.	Excitatory
5-HT4	Gs-protein coupled.	Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.	Excitatory
5-HT5	Gi/Go-protein coupled.[8]	Decreasing cellular levels of cAMP.	Inhibitory
5-HT6	Gs-protein coupled.	Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.	Excitatory
5-HT7	Gs-protein coupled.	Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.	Excitatory

Subtypes

The 7 general serotonin receptor classes include a total of 14 known serotonin receptors.^[9] The specific types have been characterized as follows:^[10][11][12]

Overview of serotonin receptors
Receptor	First cloned	Gene(s)	Distribution						Function	Agonists	Antagonists	Uses of drugs that act on this receptor
			Blood vessels	CNS	GI Tract	Platelets	PNS	Smooth Muscle
5-HT1A	1987	HTR1A	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Addiction [13][14][15] Aggression[16] Anxiety[17] Appetite[18] Autoreceptor Blood Pressure[19][20] Cardiovascular Function[21] Emesis[22] Heart Rate[19][20] Impulsivity[23] Memory[24][25] Mood[26] Nausea[22] Nociception[27] Penile Erection[28] Pupil Dilation[29] Respiration[30] Sexual Behavior[31] Sleep[32] Sociability[33] Thermoregulation[34] Vasoconstriction[35]	Selective (for 5-HT1A over other 5-HT receptors) Vilazodone (Viibryd) F-15,599 (research compound, highly potent and selective for 5-HT1A) Flesinoxan (potent, EC50 = 24 nM) Gepirone (partial agonist, Ki = 70 nM) Haloperidol Ipsapirone (partial agonist, Ki = 12.1 nM) Quetiapine Trazodone (SARI, selective in the sense that on all other 5-HT receptors it acts as either an antagonist or has no action. Kd = 78nM) Yohimbine (unselective partial agonist) Tandospirone (potent and selective partial agonist) Nonselective 5-CT (potent - Ki = 250±50 pM) 8-OH-DPAT (potent) Aripiprazole (atypical antipsychotic) Asenapine (atypical antipsychotic) Buspirone[36] (partial agonist) Vortioxetine (high-efficacy partial agonist)[37] Ziprasidone (Partial agonist, Ki = 3.4 nM) Methylphenidate (weak agonist)	BMY 7378 Cyanopindolol Iodocyanopindolol Lecozotan Methiothepin Methysergide[38] NAN-190 Nebivolol Nefazodone WAY-100,135 WAY-100,635 Mefway	Analgesics (agonists) Antidepressants (post-synaptic receptor agonists and pre-synaptic autoreceptor antagonists serve as antidepressants) Anxiolytics[39] (antagonist)
5-HT1B	1992	HTR1B	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Addiction [40] Aggression[16] Anxiety[41][42][43] Autoreceptor Learning[44] Locomotion[45] Memory[44] Mood[43] Penile Erection[28] Sexual Behavior[31] Vasoconstriction	5-CT CGS-12066A CP-93,129 CP-94,253 Dihydroergotamine Eltoprazine Ergotamine Methysergide RU 24969 TFMPP Triptans[36] (antimigraine[36]) Zolmitriptan Eletriptan Sumatriptan Vortioxetine (partial agonist, Ki = 33 nM)[37]	Alprenolol AR-A000002 Asenapine Cyanopindolol GR-127,935 Iodocyanopindolol Isamoltane Metergoline Methiothepin Oxprenolol Pindolol Propranolol SB-216,641 Yohimbine	Migraines (e.g. triptans)
5-HT1D	1991	HTR1D	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Anxiety[46][47] Autoreceptor Locomotion[45] Vasoconstriction	5-CT CP-135,807 Dihydroergotamine Ergotamine Methysergide Triptans[36] (antimigraine[36]) Almotriptan Eletriptan Frovatriptan Naratriptan Rizatriptan Sumatriptan Zolmitriptan Yohimbine	BRL-15572 GR-127,935 Ketanserin Metergoline Methiothepin Rauwolscine Ritanserin Vortioxetine (Ki = 54 nM)[37] Ziprasidone	Migraines (e.g. triptans)
5-HT1E	1992	HTR1E	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No		BRL-54443		None known
5-HT1F	1993	HTR1F	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Migraine	BRL-54443 Lasmiditan LY-334,370 Naratriptan Eletriptan		None known
5-HT2A	1988	HTR2A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Addiction (potentially modulating) [48] Anxiety[49] Appetite Cognition Imagination Learning Memory Mood Perception Sexual Behavior[50] Sleep[51] Thermoregulation[52] Vasoconstriction[53]	25I-NBOMe (Full agonist) 2C-B 5-MeO-DMT BZP Bufotenin DMT DOM Ergonovine Lisuride LSD Mescaline Myristicin PNU-22394 (Partial agonist)[54][55][56] Psilocin Psilocybin TFMPP (partial agonist or antagonist)	Atypical antipsychotics Clozapine[36] Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone Aripiprazole Asenapine Amitriptyline Clomipramine Cyproheptadine Eplivanserin Etoperidone Haloperidol Hydroxyzine Iloperidone Ketanserin[36] (antihypertensive[36]) Methysergide Mianserin Mirtazapine Nefazodone Pimavanserin Pizotifen Ritanserin Trazodone Yohimbine	Atypical antipsychotics (antagonist) Psychedelics (agonists) NaSSAs (antidepressants and anxiolytics; they serve as antagonists at this site) Treating serotonin syndrome (antagonists; e.g. cyproheptadine) Sleeping aid (antagonists; e.g. trazodone)
5-HT2B	1992	HTR2B	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Anxiety[57][58][59] Appetite[60] Cardiovascular Function GI Motility[61] Sleep[51] Vasoconstriction	6-APB (full agonist) BW-723C86 Fenfluramine MDMA Norfenfluramine PNU-22394 (Partial agonist)[54][55][56] Ro60-0175 Methylphenidate (weak agonist)	Agomelatine Asenapine BZP Ketanserin Methysergide Ritanserin RS-127,445 Tegaserod Yohimbine	Migraines (antagonists)
5-HT2C	1988	HTR2C	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Addiction. (potentially modulating)[48] Anxiety[62][63][64] Appetite GI Motility[65] Heteroreceptor for norepinephrine and dopamine Locomotion Mood[63][64] Penile Erection[66][67] Sexual Behavior[50] Sleep[68] Thermoregulation[52] Vasoconstriction	A-372,159 AL-38022A Aripiprazole Ergonovine Lorcaserin PNU-22394 (Full agonist)[54][55][56] Ro60-0175 TFMPP Trazodone[36] (hypnotic[36]) YM-348	Agomelatine[36] (antidepressant[36]) Amitriptyline Asenapine Clomipramine Clozapine[36] (antipsychotic[36]) Cyproheptadine Dimebolin Eltoprazine Etoperidone Fluoxetine Haloperidol Iloperidone Ketanserin[36] (antihypertensive[36]) Lisuride Methysergide[69] Mianserin Mirtazapine Nefazodone Olanzapine Paroxetine Quetiapine Risperidone Ritanserin SB-242084 Tramadol Trazodone Ziprasidone	Antidepressant (antagonists; e.g. agomelatine, fluoxetine, mirtazapine) Orexigenic (e.g. mirtazapine, clozapine and olanzapine; antagonists) Anorectic (Lorcaserin; agonist) Antipsychotic (Vabicaserin; agonists)
5-HT3	1993	HTR3A HTR3B HTR3C HTR3D HTR3E	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Addiction Anxiety Emesis GI Motility[70] Learning[71] Memory[71] Nausea	2-Methyl-5-HT BZP Quipazine RS-56812	Alosetron Several antiemetics[36] Dolasetron Ondansetron[36] Granisetron Tropisetron Clozapine Memantine Metoclopramide Mianserin Mirtazapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Vortioxetine (Ki = 3.7 nM)[37]	Antiemetic
5-HT4	1995	HTR4	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Anxiety[72][73] Appetite[74][75] GI Motility Learning[76][77] Memory[76][77][78] Mood[79][80] Respiration[81]	5-MT BIMU-8 Cinitapride Cisapride[36] (gastroprokinetic) Dazopride Metoclopramide Mosapride Prucalopride RS-67333 Renzapride Tegaserod Zacopride	L-Lysine[72] Piboserod	Gastroprokinetics (e.g. Tegaserod)
5-HT5A	1994	HTR5A	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Autoreceptor Locomotion[82] Sleep[83]	5-CT Ergotamine Valerenic Acid (partial agonist)[83]	Asenapine Dimebolin Methiothepin Ritanserin SB-699,551 SB-699,551-A	None thus far
5-HT5B	1993	HTR5BP	No	No	No	No	No	No	Functions in rodents, pseudogene in humans			None thus far
5-HT6	1993	HTR6	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Anxiety[84][85] Cognition[86] Learning[87] Memory[87] Mood[85][88]	EMD-386,088 EMDT	Amitriptyline Aripiprazole Asenapine Clomipramine Clozapine Dimebolin EGIS-12233 Haloperidol Iloperidone MS-245 Olanzapine Ro04-6790 SB-258,585 SB-271,046[89] SB-357,134 SB-399,885	Antidepressant (antagonists and agonists) Anxiolytic (antagonists and agonist) Nootropic (antagonists) Anorectic (antagonists)
5-HT7	1993	HTR7	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Anxiety[90][91] Autoreceptor Memory[92][93] Mood[90][91] Respiration[30][94] Sleep[90][94][95] Thermoregulation Vasoconstriction	5-CT 8-OH-DPAT Aripiprazole (weak partial agonist)[96] AS-19 E-55888 RA-7	Amitriptyline Asenapine Clomipramine Clozapine EGIS-12233 Haloperidol Iloperidone Imipramine Ketanserin Mirtazapine Olanzapine Ritanserin Risperidone SB-269,970 Vortioxetine (Ki = 19 nM)[37]	Antidepressant (antagonists) Anxiolytics (antagonists) Nootropic (antagonists)

Note that there is no 5-HT_1C receptor since, after the receptor was cloned and further characterized, it was found to have more in common with the 5-HT₂ family of receptors and was redesignated as the 5-HT_2C receptor.^[97]

Very nonselective agonists of 5-HT receptor subtypes include ergotamine (an antimigraine), which activates 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1B, D2 and norepinephrine receptors.^[36] LSD (a psychedelic) is a 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT5A, 5-HT5, 5-HT6 agonist.^[36]

Expression patterns

The genes coding for serotonin receptors are expressed across the mammalian brain. Genes coding for different receptors types follow different developmental curves. Specifically, there is a developmental increase of HTR5A expression in several subregions of the human cortex, paralleled by a decreased expression of HTR1A from the embryonic period to the post-natal one.
^[98]

5-HT₁-like

A number of receptors were classed as "5-HT₁-like" - by 1998 it was being argued that, since these receptors were "a heterogeneous population of 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7" receptors the classification was redundant.^[99]

References

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External links

• 
  Serotonin+Receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)


• 
  "5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
  


• 
  Rubenstein LA, Lanzara RG (2005-02-16). "Activation of G protein-coupled receptors entails cysteine modulation of agonist binding". Cogprints. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  


• 
  Paterson LM, Kornum BR, Nutt DJ, Pike VW, Knudsen GM (2013). "5-HT radioligands for human brain imaging with PET and SPECT". Med Res Rev. 33 (1): 54–111. doi:10.1002/med.20245. PMC 4188513. PMID 21674551.
  

v t e Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
Class A: Rhodopsin-like Neurotransmitter Adrenergic α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3 Purinergic Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14) Serotonin (all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7) Other Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9) Metabolites and signaling molecules Eicosanoid CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane Other Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate Peptide Neuropeptide B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2) Other Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin A B Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2) Miscellaneous Orphan GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183) Other Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)
Class B: Secretin-like Adhesion ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7) Orphan GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157) Other Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)
Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone Taste TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor) Other Calcium-sensing receptor GABAB (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)
Class F: Frizzled & Smoothened Frizzled Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) Smoothened Smoothened

v t e Ion channel, cell surface receptor: ligand-gated ion channels
Cys-loop receptors	5-HT/serotonin 5-HT3 A B C D E GABA GABAA α1 α2 α3 α4 α5 α6 β1 β2 β3 γ1 γ2 γ3 δ ε π θ GABAA-ρ ρ1 ρ2 ρ3 Glycine α1 α2 α3 α4 β Nicotinic acetylcholine monomers: α1 α2 α3 α4 α5 α6 α7 α9 α10 β1 β2 β3 β4 δ ε pentamers: (α3)2(β4)3 (α4)2(β2)3 (α7)5 (α1)2(β4)3 - Ganglion type (α1)2β1δε - Muscle type Zinc Zinc-activated
Ionotropic glutamates	Ligand-gated only AMPA (1 2 3 4) Kainate 1 2 3 4 5 Voltage- and ligand-gated NMDA 1 2A 2B 2C 2D 3A 3B L1A L1B ‘Orphan’ GluD δ1 δ2
ATP-gated channels	Purinergic receptors P2X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

v t e Serotonin receptor modulators
5-HT1	5-HT1A Agonists: 8-OH-DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants (e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione, vilazodone, vortioxetine) Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, lurasidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone) Azapirones (e.g., buspirone, eptapirone, gepirone, perospirone, tandospirone) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY-14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide) F-11461 F-12826 F-13714 F-14679 F-15063 F-15599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Lesopitron LY-293284 LY-301317 mCPP MKC-242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU-24969 S-14506 S-14671 S-15535 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) SSR-181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MT, bufotenin, DMT, indorenate, N-Me-5-HT, psilocin, psilocybin) TGBA01AD U-92016A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine Antagonists: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., iloperidone, risperidone, sertindole) AV965 Beta blockers (e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, cyanopindolol, iodocyanopindolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindobind, pindolol, propranolol, tertatolol) BMY-7378 CSP-2503 Dotarizine Ergolines (e.g., metergoline) Flopropione GR-46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) MPPF NAN-190 Robalzotan S-15535 SB-649915 SDZ 216-525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH-301 WAY-100135 WAY-100635 Xylamidine Unknown/unsorted: Acetryptine Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine)) 5-HT1B Agonists: CGS-12066A CP-93129 CP-94253 CP-122,288 CP-135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide) mCPP RU-24969 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g., avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan) TFMPP Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-MT, DMT) Vortioxetine Antagonists: AR-A000002 Beta blockers (e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, propranolol, tertatolol) Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g., metergoline) GR-127935 Isamoltane LY-393558 Metitepine (methiothepin) SB-216641 SB-224289 SB-236057 Yohimbine Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., cabergoline, ergometrine (ergonovine), lisuride) 5-HT1D Agonists: CP-122,288 CP-135807 CP-286601 Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LSD, methysergide) GR-46611 L-694247 L-772405 mCPP PNU-109291 PNU-142633 Serotonin (5-HT) TGBA01AD Triptans (e.g., almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan) Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-Et-DMT, 5-MT, 5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine, DMT) Antagonists: Alniditan BRL-15572 Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g., metergoline) GR-127935 Ketanserin LY-310762 LY-367642 LY-393558 LY-456219 LY-456220 Metitepine (methiothepin) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone Unknown/unsorted: Acetryptine Ergolines (e.g., lisuride, lysergol, pergolide) 5-HT1E Agonists: BRL-54443 Ergolines (e.g., methysergide) Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g., eletriptan) Tryptamines (e.g., tryptamine) Antagonists: Metitepine (methiothepin) Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine), lysergol, methylergometrine (methylergonovine) 5-HT1F Agonists: BRL-54443 CP-122,288 Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, lysergol, methylergometrine (methylergonovine) methysergide) Lasmiditan LY-334370 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g., eletriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g., 5-MT) Antagonists: Mianserin Metitepine (methiothepin)
5-HT2	5-HT2A Agonists: 25H/NB series (e.g., 25I-NBF, 25I-NBMD, 25I-NBOH, 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25TFM-NBOMe, 2CBCB-NBOMe, 25CN-NBOH, 2CBFly-NBOMe) 2Cs (e.g., 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-21) 2C-B-FLY 2CB-Ind 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET, 5-MeO-DiPT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DPT, 5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g., 5-Cl-αMT, 5-Fl-αMT, 5-MeO-αET, 5-MeO-αMT, α-Me-5-HT, αET, αMT) AL-34662 AL-37350A Bromo-DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM) Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g., 1P-LSD, ALD-52, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ergine (LSA), ergometrine (ergonovine), ergotamine, lisuride, LA-SS-Az, LSB, LSD, LSD-Pip, LSH, LSP, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), pergolide) Flumexadol Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, MMDA) O-4310 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 PNU-22394 PNU-181731 RH-34 Phenethylamines (e.g., lophophine, mescaline) Piperazines (e.g., BZP, quipazine, TFMPP) Serotonin (5-HT) TCB-2 TFMFly Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine) Antagonists: 5-I-R91150 5-MeO-NBpBrT AC-90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines (e.g., cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, perlapine) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amperozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, brexpiprazole, carpipramine, clocapramine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, gevotroline, iloperidone, lurasidone, melperone, mosapramine, ocaperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, zicronapine, ziprasidone, zotepine) Cinanserin CSP-2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML-010 Landipirdine LY-393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin (VVZ-149) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin Roluperidone S-14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, triazoledione, trazodone) SR-46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, prochlorperazine, setoperone, spiperone, spiramide, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., dihydroergotamine, nicergoline) 5-HT2B Agonists: 4-Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines (e.g., chlorphentermine, cloforex, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, levofenfluramine, norfenfluramine) BW-723C86 DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM) Ergolines (e.g., cabergoline, dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide) Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, [MMDA (drug) Antagonists: Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, N-desalkylquetiapine (norquetiapine), N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine), olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone) Cyproheptadine EGIS-7625 Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, lisuride, LY-53857, LY-272015, mesulergine) Ketanserin LY-393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine (methiothepin) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX-08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS-127445 Sarpogrelate SB-200646 SB-204741 SB-206553 SB-215505 SB-221284 SB-228357 SDZ SER-082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine) TIK-301 Yohimbine Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine)) 5-HT2C Agonists: 2Cs (e.g., 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-21) 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET, 5-MeO-DiPT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DPT, 5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g., 5-Cl-αMT, 5-Fl-αMT, 5-MeO-αET, 5-MeO-αMT, α-Me-5-HT, αET, αMT) A-372159 AL-38022A Alstonine CP-809101 Dimemebfe DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM) Ergolines (e.g., ALD-52, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergine (LSA), ergotamine, lisuride, LA-SS-Az, LSB, LSD, LSD-Pip, LSH, LSP, pergolide) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, MMDA) MK-212 Org 12962 Org 37684 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 Phenethylamines (e.g., lophophine, mescaline) Piperazines (e.g., aripiprazole, BZP, mCPP, quipazine, TFMPP) PNU-22394 PNU-181731 Ro60-0175 Ro60-0213 Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine) Vabicaserin WAY-629 WAY-161503 YM-348 Antagonists: Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, zotepine) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR-260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS-102221 S-14671 SB-200646 SB-206553 SB-221284 SB-228357 SB-242084 SB-243213 SDZ SER-082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine) TIK-301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine, pimozide, pipamperone, thioridazine) Xylamidine Unknown/unsorted: Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine), methylergometrine (methylergonovine))
5-HT3–7	5-HT3 Agonists: Alcohols (e.g., butanol, ethanol (alcohol), trichloroethanol) m-CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines (e.g., BZP, mCPP, quipazine) RS-56812 Serotonin (5-HT) SR-57227 SR-57227A Tryptamines (e.g., 2-Me-5-HT, 5-CT, bufotenidine (5-HTQ)) Volatiles/gases (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane) YM-31636 Antagonists: Alosetron Arazasetron AS-8112 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron (MDL-72222) Bupropion Cilansetron CSP-2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Hydroxybupropion ICS-205930 Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine) Volatiles/gases (e.g., nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, xenon) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron Unknown/unsorted: LY-53857 Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine) 5-HT4 Agonists: 5-MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ-033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX-03140 Renzapride RS-67333 RS-67506 Serotonin (5-HT) Tegaserod Velusetrag Zacopride Antagonists: GR-113808 GR-125487 L-Lysine Piboserod RS-39604 RS-67532 SB-203186 SB-204070 5-HT5A Agonists: Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), ergotamine, LSD) Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT) Valerenic Acid Antagonists: Asenapine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-699551 Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., metergoline, methysergide) Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine) 5-HT6 Agonists: Ergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide) Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g., 2-Me-5-HT, 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-MT, Bufotenin, E-6801, E-6837, EMD-386088, EMDT, LY-586713, N-Me-5-HT, tryptamine) WAY-181187 WAY-208466 Antagonists: ABT-354 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, tiospirone) AVN-101 AVN-211 AVN-322 AVN-397 BGC20-760 BVT-5182 BVT-74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS-12233 GW-742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Metitepine (methiothepin) MS-245 PRX-07034 Ritanserin Ro 04-6790 Ro 63-0563 SB-258585 SB-271046 SB-357134 SB-399885 SB-742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine) Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), bromocriptine, lergotrile, pergolide) Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine) 5-HT7 Agonists: 8-OH-DPAT AS-19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines (e.g., LSD) LP-12 LP-44 RU-24969 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g., frovatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT, 5-MT, bufotenin, N-Me-5-HT) Antagonists: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, tiospirone, ziprasidone, zotepine) Butaclamol DR-4485 EGIS-12233 Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), amesergide, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole) JNJ-18038683 Ketanserin LY-215840 Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-258719 SB-258741 SB-269970 SB-656104 SB-656104A SB-691673 SLV-313 SLV-314 Spiperone SSR-181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine) Typical antipsychotics (e.g., acetophenazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, loxapine, pimozide) Vortioxetine Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., lisuride, pergolide) Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine)
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators Adrenergics Dopaminergics Melatonergics Monoamine reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins

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