Damocloid




Damocloids are a class of minor planets such as 5335 Damocles and 1996 PW that have Halley-family or long-period highly eccentric orbits typical of periodic comets such as Halley's Comet, but without showing a cometary coma or tail. David Jewitt defines a damocloid as an object with a Tisserand's parameter relative to Jupiter of 2 or less (TJ ≤ 2),[1] while Akimasa Nakamura defines this group with the following orbital criterion:[2]




  • q < 5.2 AU, a > 8.0 AU, and e > 0.75,

  • or alternatively, i > 90°


However, this definition that does not focus on Jupiter excludes objects such as (127546) 2002 XU93, 2003 WG166, and 2004 DA62.[3]


Using the Tisserand's parameter with respect to Jupiter of 2 or less, there are currently 155 damocloid candidates.[4] Of these objects, 122 have orbital observation arcs greater than 30 days providing reasonably decent orbits.[5][1] Their average radius is eight kilometers assuming an albedo of 0.04. The albedos of four damocloids have been measured, and they are among the darkest objects known in the Solar System. Damocloids are reddish in color, but not as red as many Kuiper-belt objects or centaurs. Other damocloids include: 2013 BL76, 2012 DR30, 2008 KV42, (65407) 2002 RP120, and 20461 Dioretsa.


Retrograde objects such as Halley's Comet and damocloid (343158) 2009 HC82 can have relative velocities to Earth of 81 km/s (290,000 km/h).[6]




Contents






  • 1 Origin


  • 2 List


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Origin


Damocloids are thought to be nuclei of Halley-type comets that have lost all their volatile materials due to outgassing and become dormant. Such comets probably originate from the Oort cloud. This hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that a number of objects thought to be damocloids (and assigned minor-planet provisional designations) subsequently showed a coma and were confirmed to be comets: C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS), C/2002 CE10 (LINEAR), C/2002 VQ94 (LINEAR), C/2004 HV60 (Spacewatch) and possibly others. Another strong indication of cometary origin is the fact that some damocloids have retrograde orbits, unlike any other minor planets. (Objects with an inclination beyond 90 degrees up to 180 degrees are in a retrograde orbit and orbit in the opposite direction of other objects.)



List



This is a list of 17 numbered and 132 unnumbered bodies from the JPL SBDB as of November 2018, that meet Akimasa Nakamura's criteria for being classified as a damocloid, that is, either a retrograde orbit, or the following orbital elements: q < 5.2 AU, a > 8.0 AU, and e > 0.75 (also see § top). Tisserand's parameter with respect to Jupiter (TJupiter) is also given. Akimasa Nakamura's criteria and a TJupiter of less than 2 are largely equivalent as only a few listed bodies do not meet the defined TJupiter threshold. Most damocloids are also listed on MPC's list of other unusual minor planets.[7] The orbital data is sourced from JPL numbered and unnumbered element files, and excludes comets and hyperbolic bodies such as ʻOumuamua.




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Designation

a
(AU)

e

i
(°)
Orbital criteria and classes

q
(AU)

Q
(AU)

Unusual

Catalog
Refs

Cls

Retro

TJupiter

TJ ≤ 2

5335 Damocles
11.83
0.866
61.7

CEN

1.154

Green tickY
1.58
22.08

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(15504) 1999 RG33
9.38
0.774
34.9
CEN

1.950

Green tickY
2.12
16.65

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

20461 Dioretsa
23.9
0.9
160.4
CEN

Green tickY
-1.547

Green tickY
2.4
45.4

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(65407) 2002 RP120
53.92
0.954
119

TNO

Green tickY
-0.834

Green tickY
2.45
105.39

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(154783) 2004 PA44
14.21
0.76
3.3

CEN

2.510

3.41
25.01

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(330759) 2008 SO218
8.11
0.564
170.3
CEN

Green tickY
-1.391

Green tickY
3.54
12.69

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(336756) 2010 NV1
290.08
0.968
140.7

TNO

Green tickY
-2.902

Green tickY
9.4
570.76


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(342842) 2008 YB3
11.62
0.441
105.1

CEN

Green tickY
-0.249

Green tickY
6.5
16.74


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(343158) 2009 HC82
2.53
0.807
154.4

NEO

Green tickY
1.317

Green tickY
0.49
4.57


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(434620) 2005 VD
6.67
0.252
172.9

CEN

Green tickY
-1.396

Green tickY
5
8.35

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(459870) 2014 AT28
10.92
0.404
165.6
CEN

Green tickY
-2.091

Green tickY
6.51
15.33


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(468861) 2013 LU28
180.92
0.952
125.4

TNO

Green tickY
-2.065

Green tickY
8.73
353.12


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(471325) 2011 KT19
35.6
0.33
110.1
TNO

Green tickY
-1.551

Green tickY
23.84
47.35


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(514107) 2015 BZ509
5.14
0.38
163

other

Green tickY
-0.746

Green tickY
3.19
7.09

unusual

LoMP

JPL · MPC

(518151) 2016 FH13
24.53
0.614
93.6

CEN

Green tickY
0.000

Green tickY
9.46
39.6


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(523797) 2016 NM56
72.7
0.855
144

TNO

Green tickY
-3.063

Green tickY
10.52
134.88


LoMP

JPL · MPC

(523800) 2017 KZ31
53.4
0.795
161.7
TNO

Green tickY
-3.595

Green tickY
10.96
95.84


LoMP

JPL · MPC

1996 PW
253.36
0.99
30
TNO

1.713

Green tickY
2.49
504.23

unusual


JPL · MPC

1997 MD10
26.46
0.942
59.5

CEN

0.965

Green tickY
1.53
51.39

unusual


JPL · MPC

1998 QJ1
11.25
0.814
23.6
CEN

2.027

2.09
20.41

unusual


JPL · MPC

1998 WU24
15.15
0.906
42.4
CEN

1.412

Green tickY
1.43
28.87

unusual


JPL · MPC

1999 LE31
8.13
0.466
151.8
CEN

Green tickY
-1.309

Green tickY
4.34
11.91

unusual


JPL · MPC

1999 XS35
17.78
0.947
19.4

NEO

1.417

Green tickY
0.95
34.62



JPL · MPC

2000 AB229
52.78
0.956
68.4

TNO

0.786

Green tickY
2.32
103.24

unusual


JPL · MPC

2000 DG8
10.76
0.794
129.2

CEN

Green tickY
-0.622

Green tickY
2.22
19.31

unusual


JPL · MPC

2000 HE46
23.63
0.899
158.5
CEN

Green tickY
-1.518

Green tickY
2.39
44.88

unusual


JPL · MPC

2000 KP65
90.6
0.963
45.7

TNO

1.620

Green tickY
3.31
177.9

unusual


JPL · MPC

2002 RN109
546.7
0.995
58.1
TNO

1.082

Green tickY
2.69
1090.71

unusual


JPL · MPC

2003 UY283
33.31
0.895
18.9
TNO

2.289

3.49
63.13

unusual


JPL · MPC

2003 WN188
14.4
0.847
26.9

CEN

1.940

Green tickY
2.21
26.59

unusual


JPL · MPC

2004 CM111
33.84
0.851
4.7

TNO

2.821

5.03
62.65

unusual


JPL · MPC

2004 NN8
98.33
0.976
165.5
TNO

Green tickY
-1.779

Green tickY
2.36
194.31

unusual


JPL · MPC

2005 HL3
11.28
0.832
35.7

CEN

1.787

Green tickY
1.89
20.67

unusual


JPL · MPC

2005 NP82
5.87
0.478
130.5
CEN

Green tickY
-0.326

Green tickY
3.07
8.67

unusual


JPL · MPC
2005 OE
62.88
0.952
67.5

TNO

0.897

Green tickY
3.03
122.73

unusual


JPL · MPC

2005 SB223
29.43
0.905
91.3

CEN

Green tickY
0.131

Green tickY
2.78
56.09

unusual


JPL · MPC

2005 TJ50
9.24
0.589
110.2
CEN

Green tickY
-0.183

Green tickY
3.8
14.68

unusual


JPL · MPC

2005 VX3
914.86
0.996
112.2

TNO

Green tickY
-0.943

Green tickY
4.11
1825.61

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 BZ8
9.6
0.803
165.3

CEN

Green tickY
-1.023

Green tickY
1.89
17.31

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 EX52
42.51
0.94
150.1

TNO

Green tickY
-1.572

Green tickY
2.56
82.46

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 LM1
37.18
0.9
172.1
TNO

Green tickY
-2.166

Green tickY
3.71
70.66

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 RG1
25.4
0.921
133.4

CEN

Green tickY
-0.982

Green tickY
2.02
48.78

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 RJ2
9.67
0.762
164.6
CEN

Green tickY
-1.165

Green tickY
2.3
17.05

unusual


JPL · MPC

2006 SO134
19.51
0.831
4.2
CEN

2.416

3.3
35.73

unusual


JPL · MPC

2007 DA61
488
0.995
76.6

TNO

0.479

Green tickY
2.68
973.33

unusual


JPL · MPC

2007 VW266
5.44
0.39
108.3

other

Green tickY
0.364

Green tickY
3.32
7.56

unusual


JPL · MPC

2008 BN18
30.42
0.914
28.8

TNO

1.888

Green tickY
2.61
58.24

unusual


JPL · MPC

2008 KV42
41.68
0.493
103.4
TNO

Green tickY
-1.016

Green tickY
21.12
62.24



JPL · MPC

2008 SE82
19.31
0.836
17.4

CEN

2.289

3.18
35.45

unusual


JPL · MPC

2008 WA95
14.04
0.877
60.1
CEN

1.155

Green tickY
1.72
26.36

unusual


JPL · MPC

2009 AU16
23.64
0.918
69.7
CEN

0.806

Green tickY
1.95
45.33

unusual


JPL · MPC

2009 DD47
47.98
0.954
107.5

TNO

Green tickY
-0.439

Green tickY
2.22
93.73

unusual


JPL · MPC

2009 FW23
11.52
0.855
86.6

CEN

0.544

Green tickY
1.67
21.38

unusual


JPL · MPC

2009 QY6
12.46
0.834
137.7
CEN

Green tickY
-0.844

Green tickY
2.07
22.86

unusual


JPL · MPC

2009 YS6
20.15
0.92
147.8
CEN

Green tickY
-1.045

Green tickY
1.61
38.69

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 BK118
389.15
0.984
143.9

TNO

Green tickY
-2.450

Green tickY
6.09
772.2



JPL · MPC

2010 CG55
31.95
0.91
146.2
TNO

Green tickY
-1.545

Green tickY
2.87
61.02

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 EB46
31.45
0.952
156.6
TNO

Green tickY
-1.213

Green tickY
1.5
61.4

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 EJ104
21.65
0.901
41.5

CEN

1.568

Green tickY
2.15
41.16

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 EQ169
2.05
0.102
91.6

MBA

Green tickY
2.501

1.84
2.26



JPL · MPC

2010 GW64
63.23
0.941
105.2

TNO

Green tickY
-0.537

Green tickY
3.72
122.73

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 GW147
167.17
0.968
99.8
TNO

Green tickY
-0.457

Green tickY
5.39
328.95



JPL · MPC

2010 JH124
69.58
0.963
53.4
TNO

1.257

Green tickY
2.6
136.55

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 JC147
14.63
0.763
41.7

CEN

1.974

Green tickY
3.47
25.78

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 LG61
6.84
0.801
123.7
CEN

Green tickY
-0.002

Green tickY
1.36
12.32

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 OR1
26.94
0.924
143.9
CEN

Green tickY
-1.211

Green tickY
2.04
51.83

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 OM101
26.05
0.919
118.8
CEN

Green tickY
-0.652

Green tickY
2.12
49.98

unusual


JPL · MPC

2010 PO58
13.14
0.779
121.4
CEN

Green tickY
-0.641

Green tickY
2.9
23.38

unusual


JPL · MPC

2011 MM4
21.17
0.473
100.5
CEN

Green tickY
-0.402

Green tickY
11.16
31.18



JPL · MPC

2011 OR17
267.62
0.988
110.5

TNO

Green tickY
-0.744

Green tickY
3.11
532.13

unusual


JPL · MPC

2011 SP25
19.55
0.884
109.1

CEN

Green tickY
-0.326

Green tickY
2.27
36.83

unusual


JPL · MPC

2011 UR402
18.68
0.779
24.6
CEN

2.438

4.12
33.24

unusual


JPL · MPC

2011 WS41
38.31
0.946
141.6

TNO

Green tickY
-1.248

Green tickY
2.08
74.54

unusual


JPL · MPC

2012 HD2
62.83
0.959
146.9
TNO

Green tickY
-1.562

Green tickY
2.56
123.11

unusual


JPL · MPC

2012 KA51
224.45
0.978
70.7
TNO

0.928

Green tickY
4.91
444

unusual


JPL · MPC

2012 TL139
29.95
0.883
160

CEN

Green tickY
-1.947

Green tickY
3.52
56.38

unusual


JPL · MPC

2012 YO6
6.31
0.478
106.9
CEN

Green tickY
0.262

Green tickY
3.29
9.33

unusual


JPL · MPC

2012 YE8
9.37
0.592
136.1
CEN

Green tickY
-1.003

Green tickY
3.83
14.92

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 BN27
66.39
0.976
101.8

TNO

Green tickY
-0.238

Green tickY
1.57
131.22

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 BL76
966.43
0.991
98.6
TNO

Green tickY
-0.529

Green tickY
8.35
1924.5



JPL · MPC

2013 HS150
26.15
0.894
96.5

CEN

Green tickY
-0.027

Green tickY
2.78
49.52

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 JD4
12.11
0.865
73
CEN

0.877

Green tickY
1.63
22.59

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 LA2
7.51
0.594
175.2
CEN

Green tickY
-1.233

Green tickY
3.05
11.97

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 LD16
80.96
0.968
154.7

TNO

Green tickY
-1.713

Green tickY
2.55
159.37

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 LG29
16.99
0.791
15.4

CEN

2.438

3.55
30.43

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 NS11
12.63
0.787
130.3
CEN

Green tickY
-0.832

Green tickY
2.69
22.56

unusual


JPL · MPC

2013 YG48
8.19
0.752
61.3
CEN

1.430

Green tickY
2.03
14.34

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 CW14
27.7
0.846
170.7
CEN

Green tickY
-2.244

Green tickY
4.28
51.13

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 JJ57
6.99
0.293
95.9
CEN

Green tickY
0.515

Green tickY
4.95
9.04

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 MH55
27.54
0.838
91.5
CEN

Green tickY
0.124

Green tickY
4.45
50.63

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 PP69
21.33
0.942
93.7

NEO

Green tickY
0.157

Green tickY
1.25
41.42



JPL · MPC

2014 SQ339
28.52
0.903
128.5

CEN

Green tickY
-1.073

Green tickY
2.78
54.26

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 UV114
6.36
0.385
170.5
CEN

Green tickY
-1.195

Green tickY
3.91
8.81

unusual


JPL · MPC

2014 XS3
73.56
0.956
101.4

TNO

Green tickY
-0.366

Green tickY
3.25
143.86

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 AO44
22.11
0.836
139.9

CEN

Green tickY
-1.495

Green tickY
3.62
40.6

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 BH311
9.17
0.729
94.5
CEN

Green tickY
0.424

Green tickY
2.49
15.85

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 FK37
196.82
0.975
156.1

TNO

Green tickY
-2.481

Green tickY
4.96
388.69

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 RK245
80.62
0.966
91.6
TNO

Green tickY
0.007

Green tickY
2.76
158.49

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 RE277
20.23
0.764
1.6

CEN

2.799

4.77
35.69

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 RL277
34.59
0.85
3.1

TNO

2.862

5.19
63.99

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 TN178
54.65
0.956
91.1
TNO

Green tickY
0.059

Green tickY
2.38
106.92

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 TS350
140.72
0.964
58.1
TNO

1.497

Green tickY
5.05
276.39



JPL · MPC

2015 XN63
19.91
0.932
19.7

CEN

1.601

Green tickY
1.36
38.45

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 XX351
14.58
0.854
159.1
CEN

Green tickY
-1.269

Green tickY
2.13
27.03

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 XR384
36.95
0.903
157.5

TNO

Green tickY
-1.971

Green tickY
3.57
70.34

unusual


JPL · MPC

2015 YY18
19.46
0.831
118.2

CEN

Green tickY
-0.751

Green tickY
3.29
35.63

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 CO264
48.39
0.938
129.8

TNO

Green tickY
-1.250

Green tickY
3.02
93.76

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 DF2
5.58
0.415
166.8

CEN

Green tickY
-0.904

Green tickY
3.27
7.9

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 EJ203
67.77
0.96
171

TNO

Green tickY
-1.928

Green tickY
2.73
132.81

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 JK24
13.07
0.661
152.3

CEN

Green tickY
-1.709

Green tickY
4.43
21.71

unusual


JPL · MPC
2016 LS
13.33
0.607
114.3
CEN

Green tickY
-0.658

Green tickY
5.24
21.41



JPL · MPC

2016 PN66
31.24
0.907
105.1

TNO

Green tickY
-0.371

Green tickY
2.9
59.57

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 PO66
49.66
0.996
53.1

NEO

0.442

Green tickY
0.21
99.12



JPL · MPC

2016 TK2
9.18
0.551
92.3

CEN

Green tickY
0.477

Green tickY
4.12
14.24

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 TP93
7.47
0.56
138.3
CEN

Green tickY
-0.787

Green tickY
3.29
11.65

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 US109
36.14
0.949
87.2

TNO

0.226

Green tickY
1.86
70.43

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 VY17
11.17
0.851
148.5

CEN

Green tickY
-0.846

Green tickY
1.66
20.67

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 WS1
14.42
0.882
53
CEN

1.305

Green tickY
1.7
27.15

unusual


JPL · MPC

2016 YB13
5.46
0.408
139.7

other

Green tickY
-0.475

Green tickY
3.24
7.69

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 AX13
28.59
0.883
137.2

CEN

Green tickY
-1.434

Green tickY
3.35
53.83

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 BD86
5.5
0.475
159.2
CEN

Green tickY
-0.746

Green tickY
2.89
8.11

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 CW32
192.52
0.985
152.4

TNO

Green tickY
-1.856

Green tickY
2.96
382.08

unusual


JPL · MPC
2017 EE
17.92
0.884
73.9

CEN

0.772

Green tickY
2.08
33.76



JPL · MPC

2017 EM4
33.39
0.921
83.4

TNO

0.382

Green tickY
2.65
64.13

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 GD8
43.28
0.947
74.9
TNO

0.601

Green tickY
2.28
84.28

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 JB6
32.47
0.883
160.9
TNO

Green tickY
-2.058

Green tickY
3.81
61.13

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 MZ4
66.39
0.952
65.8
TNO

0.973

Green tickY
3.18
129.6

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 MB7
3043.15
0.999
55.7
TNO

1.476

Green tickY
4.46
6081.84

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 NM2
14.66
0.624
101.3

CEN

Green tickY
-0.158

Green tickY
5.51
23.81



JPL · MPC

2017 OX68
58.97
0.971
94.7

TNO

Green tickY
-0.046

Green tickY
1.74
116.21

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 PY24
17.36
0.924
71.8

CEN

0.736

Green tickY
1.31
33.41

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 QO33
34.63
0.858
148.8

TNO

Green tickY
-2.121

Green tickY
4.93
64.33

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 RR2
17.21
0.849
88.6

CEN

0.350

Green tickY
2.61
31.82

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 SV13
9.67
0.792
113.2
CEN

Green tickY
-0.118

Green tickY
2.01
17.32

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 SN33
271.64
0.993
152

TNO

Green tickY
-1.465

Green tickY
1.84
541.43

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 UW51
134.55
0.977
144.2
TNO

Green tickY
-1.731

Green tickY
3.13
265.97

unusual


JPL · MPC

2017 UX51
30.11
0.747
90.5
TNO

Green tickY
0.144

Green tickY
7.61
52.61



JPL · MPC

2017 UR52
380.39
0.997
108.2

NEO

Green tickY
-0.418

Green tickY
1.24
759.54



JPL · MPC

2018 AS18
12.99
0.872
63

CEN

1.102

Green tickY
1.66
24.33

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 DE4
32.52
0.927
81.3

TNO

0.443

Green tickY
2.39
62.64

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 DF4
100.02
0.984
68.2
TNO

0.632

Green tickY
1.6
198.44

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 DO4
25.87
0.907
160.5

CEN

Green tickY
-1.569

Green tickY
2.41
49.34

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 KH3
94.51
0.961
46.9

TNO

1.670

Green tickY
3.7
185.32

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 MP8
365.95
0.99
68.3
TNO

0.908

Green tickY
3.83
728.07

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 PL28
19.57
0.863
74.2

CEN

0.800

Green tickY
2.69
36.45

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 SQ13
161.41
0.982
91

TNO

Green tickY
-0.004

Green tickY
2.97
319.85

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 TL6
8.22
0.79
170.9

CEN

Green tickY
-0.888

Green tickY
1.72
14.72

unusual


JPL · MPC

2018 WB1
7.93
0.719
152.1
CEN

Green tickY
-0.861

Green tickY
2.23
13.63



JPL · MPC

Designation

a
(AU)

e

i
(°)
Orbital criteria and classes

q
(AU)

Q
(AU)

Unusual

Catalog
Refs

Cls

Retro

TJupiter

TJ ≤ 2

back to top WWC arrow up.png




See also


  • Extinct comet


References





  1. ^ ab David Jewitt (August 2013). "The DAMOCLOIDS". UCLA, Department of Earth and Space Sciences. Retrieved 2014-02-14..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em} (2013 list / 2011 list / 2010 list)


  2. ^ Akimasa Nakamura and bas (2 May 2009). "List of Damocloids (Oort cloud asteroids)". Lowell Observatory. Retrieved 15 February 2017.


  3. ^ Jewitt, David (2005). "A first look at the Damocloids" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 530–538. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..530J. doi:10.1086/426328. Retrieved 2011-02-13.


  4. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: asteroids and T-Jupiter <= 2". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 2017-02-20. Search parameters used: Limited by object type/group: Asteroids and T-Jupiter <= 2


  5. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: asteroids and T-Jupiter <= 2 and data-arc span > 30 (d)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 2017-11-07.


  6. ^ "NEO Close-Approaches (Between 1900 and 2200)". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program. Retrieved 2012-06-22. (sorted by descending relative velocity, dist<0.5AU = "215,221 close-Earth approaches")


  7. ^ "List Of Other Unusual Objects". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 November 2018.




External links


  • David Jewitt, A first look at the Damocloids, January 2005









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