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Springfield, Ohio
| Springfield, Ohio | ||
|---|---|---|
| City | ||
| City of Springfield | ||
 Fountain Square, Arcue Building in background. | ||
| ||
| Nickname(s): The Home City, The Rose City (City of Roses), The Champion City, The Field | ||
 Location within the state of Ohio | ||
 Location of Springfield in Clark County | ||
| Coordinates: 39°55′37″N 83°48′15″W / 39.92694°N 83.80417°W / 39.92694; -83.80417Coordinates: 39°55′37″N 83°48′15″W / 39.92694°N 83.80417°W / 39.92694; -83.80417 | ||
| Country | United States | |
| State | Ohio | |
| County | Clark | |
| Founded | 1801 | |
| Incorporated | 1827 (village) | |
| – | 1850 (city) | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Warren R. Copeland (D) | |
| Area[1] | ||
| • City | 25.50 sq mi (66.04 km2) | |
| • Land | 25.29 sq mi (65.50 km2) | |
| • Water | 0.21 sq mi (0.54 km2) | |
| Elevation | 978 ft (298 m) | |
| Population (2010)[2] | ||
| • City | 60,608 | |
| • Estimate (2012[3]) | 60,147 | |
| • Density | 2,396.5/sq mi (925.3/km2) | |
| • Metro | 138,333 | |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) | |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) | |
| ZIP Codes | 45501–45506 | |
| Area code(s) | 937 | |
| FIPS code | 39-74118[4] | |
GNIS feature ID | 1065370[5] | |
| Website | www.ci.springfield.oh.us | |
Springfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Clark County.[6] The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River, Buck Creek and Beaver Creek, approximately 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton. Springfield is home to Wittenberg University, a liberal arts college.
As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,608.[7] The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 138,333 residents.[8] and the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH Combined Statistical Area had 1,072,891 residents.[9] The Little Miami Scenic Trail, a paved rail-trail which is almost 80 miles long, goes from the Buck Creek Scenic Trailhead in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio (near Cincinnati), and is popular with hikers and cyclists.
In 1983, Newsweek featured Springfield in its 50th-anniversary issue, entitled, "The American Dream." It chronicled the impact of the past 50 years on five local families. In 2004, Springfield was chosen as an "All-America City." In the 2010s, Springfield was one of the lowest-ranking cities in the state and nation for indicators such as health, happiness and well-being.[10][11][12][13]
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
3 Demographics
3.1 2010 census
3.2 Crime
4 Education
5 Media
6 Notable people
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History
The villages of Peckuwe and Piqua were located near today's Springfield, Ohio, at 39° 54.5′ N, 83° 54.68′ W and 39° 54.501′ N, 83° 54.682′ W respectively, and were home to the Peckuwe and Kispoko Divisions of the Shawnee Tribe until the Battle of Piqua, August 8, 1780. The Piqua Sept of Ohio Shawnee Tribe has placed a traditional cedar pole in commemoration, located "on the southern edge of the George Rogers Clark Historical Park, in the lowlands in front of the park's 'Hertzler House'."[14][15]
Springfield was founded by James Demint, a former teamster from Kentucky, in 1801. When Clark County was created from parts of Champaign, Madison and Greene counties, Springfield, named for Springfield, Massachusetts—which, at the time, was important for hosting the U.S. Federal Springfield Armory; enduring the Attack on Springfield during King Philip's War in 1675; and Shays' Rebellion in 1787—beat out the village of New Boston as the county seat in 1818[16] by two votes in the state legislature.
Springfield traces its early growth to the National Road, which ended in Springfield for approximately 10 years as politicians wrangled over the path it would continue. Dayton and Eaton wanted the road to veer south after Springfield, but President Andrew Jackson made the final decision to have the road continue straight west to Richmond, Indiana.[17]
Springfield around 1830
Springfield around 1900
Clark County Courthouse in downtown Springfield
Old City Hall, now the Clark County Heritage Center
During the mid-and-late 19th century, Springfield was dominated by industrialists including Oliver S. Kelly, Asa S. Bushnell, James Leffel, P. P. Mast and Benjamin H. Warder. Asa S. Bushnell built the Springfield, Ohio Bushnell Building[18] where the patent attorney to the Wright Brothers, Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr., wrote the 1904 patent to cover the invention of the airplane. To promote the products of his agricultural equipment company, P. P. Mast started Farm & Fireside magazine. Mast’s publishing company – Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick – grew to become Crowell-Collier Publishing Company best known for Collier's Weekly. In 1894, The Kelly Springfield Tire Company was founded.
At the turn of the 20th century, Springfield became known as the "Home City." Several lodges including the Masonic Lodge, Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows built homes for orphans and aged members of their order. Springfield also became known as "The Champion City." a reference to the Champion Farm Equipment brand manufactured by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company, which was later absorbed into International Harvester in 1902. International remains in Springfield as Navistar International, a producer of medium to large trucks.
In 1902 A.B. Graham, then the superintendent of schools for Springfield Township in Clark County, established a "Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Club." Approximately 85 children from 10 to 15 years of age attended the first meeting on January 15, 1902, in Springfield, Ohio, in the basement of the Clark County Courthouse. This was the start of what would be called the "4-H Club" within a few years, quickly growing to a nationwide organization. (4-H stands for "Head, Heart, Hands, and Health").[19] The first "projects" included food preservation, gardening and elementary agriculture. Today, the Courthouse still bears a large 4H symbol under the flag pole at the front of the building to commemorate its part in founding the organization. The Clark County Fair is the second largest fair in the state (only the Ohio State Fair is larger) in large part to 4H remaining very popular in the area.
On March 7, 1904, over a thousand residents formed a lynch mob, stormed the jail and removed prisoner Richard Dixon, a black man accused of murdering police officer Charles B. Collis. Richard Dixon was shot to death and then hung from a pole on the corner of Fountain and Main Street, where the mob continued to shoot his lifeless body. The mob then proceeded to burn much of the black area of town.[20] In February 1906, another mob formed and again burned the black section of town known as "the levee".[21]
Sixty years later, Springfield was the first city in Ohio to have a black mayor, Robert Henry.[22]
From 1916 to 1926, 10 automobile companies operated in Springfield. Among them: The Bramwell, Brenning, Foos, Frayer-Miller, Kelly Steam, Russell-Springfield, and Westcott. The Westcott, known as the car built to last, was a six-cylinder four-door sedan manufactured by Burton J. Westcott of the Westcott Motor Car Company. Burton and Orpha Westcott however, are better known for having contracted the world-renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design their home in 1908 at 1340 East High Street. The Westcott House, a sprawling two-story stucco and concrete house has all the features of Wright's prairie style including horizontal lines, low-pitched roof, and broad eaves. It is the only Frank Lloyd Wright prairie style house in the state of Ohio. The property was purchased in 2000 by the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy (Chicago, IL), and as part of a prearranged plan, the house was then sold to a newly formed local Westcott House Foundation. The Westcott House Foundation managed the extensive 5-year, $5.3 million restorations, the house was fully restored to its original glory in October 2005, when it officially opened to the public for guided tours.
In 1954, Willie Mosconi set the straight pool high run world record at the East High Billiard Club.
International Harvester (now Navistar International), a manufacturer of farm machinery and later trucks, became the leading local industry after Springfield native William Whiteley invented the self-raking reaper and mower, in 1856. It held that position, along with Crowell-Collier Publishing, throughout most of the next century. Crowell-Collier closed its magazines in 1957 and sold its Springfield printing plant.[23]
Geography
Springfield is located at 39°55′37″N 83°48′15″W / 39.92694°N 83.80417°W / 39.92694; -83.80417 (39.927067, −83.804131).[24]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.50 square miles (66.04 km2), of which, 25.29 square miles (65.50 km2) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km2) is water.[1] The Clarence J. Brown Reservoir is located on the northeast outskirts of Springfield.
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1810 | 593 | — | |
| 1820 | 1,868 | 215.0% | |
| 1830 | 1,080 | −42.2% | |
| 1840 | 2,062 | 90.9% | |
| 1850 | 5,108 | 147.7% | |
| 1860 | 7,002 | 37.1% | |
| 1870 | 12,652 | 80.7% | |
| 1880 | 20,730 | 63.8% | |
| 1890 | 31,895 | 53.9% | |
| 1900 | 38,253 | 19.9% | |
| 1910 | 46,921 | 22.7% | |
| 1920 | 60,840 | 29.7% | |
| 1930 | 68,743 | 13.0% | |
| 1940 | 70,662 | 2.8% | |
| 1950 | 78,508 | 11.1% | |
| 1960 | 82,723 | 5.4% | |
| 1970 | 81,926 | −1.0% | |
| 1980 | 72,563 | −11.4% | |
| 1990 | 70,487 | −2.9% | |
| 2000 | 65,358 | −7.3% | |
| 2010 | 60,608 | −7.3% | |
| Est. 2017 | 59,208 | [25] | −2.3% |
[4][26][27][28][29] | |||
As of the 2000 census,[4] the median income for a household in the city was $32,193, and the median income for a family was $39,890. Males had a median income of $32,027 versus $23,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,660. 16.9% of the population and 13.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 23.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census,[7] there were 60,608 people, 24,459 households, and 14,399 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,693.7 people per square mile (1,039.6/km²). There were 28,437 housing units at an average density of 1,263.9 per square mile (487.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.2% White, 18.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.
There are 24,459 households of which 26.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% are married couples living together, 18.6% have a female householder with no spouse present, 5.9% have a male householder with no spouse present, and 41.1% are non-families. Of all households, 34.1% are made up of individuals and 13.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.38, and the average family size is 3.01.
In the population is spread out with 24.4% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females, there are 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 86.2 males.
Crime
From 2012 through 2014, the city experienced a 21% increase in violent crime; from 618 per 100,000 persons to 750. Also during those years, occurrences of murder and non-negligent manslaughter steadily increased; from 5 to 7.[30][31][32] In 2015, Springfield's violent crime reached a 14-year high.[33][34]
Education
Springfield Public Schools enroll 8,604 students in public primary and secondary schools.[35] The district operates 16 public schools including ten elementary schools, three middle schools, one high school, and one alternative school.
Springfield is also home to Nightingale Montessori, a small private school using the methods from Dr. Montessori. The school was founded over thirty years ago and has been educating many from Springfield, Clark County and other surrounding counties such as Greene, Clinton, Champaign, Franklin, Madison, and Logan. The school accepts the Ed Choice scholarship, The Jon Peterson Scholarship, and the Autism Scholarship. Students are admitted as early as 2 1/2 years old through high school.
Also located in Springfield is the Global Impact STEM Academy, an early-college middle school and high school certified in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics curriculum.[36] It was founded in 2013.[36]
Wittenberg University
Springfield is home to two institutions of higher learning, Wittenberg University, and Clark State Community College.
Wittenberg University is a Lutheran university that was founded in Springfield in 1845. It is a four-year private liberal arts university. It has approximately 1800 students and a faculty of approximately 140. It is situated on a campus of one hundred and fourteen rolling acres, shaded by many majestic trees. It is one of the most highly rated liberal arts universities in the nation, offering more than seventy majors, which include those in the sciences as well as in the arts. Wittenberg has more than one hundred fifty campus organizations, which include ten national fraternities and sororities. It has its own WUSO radio station and newspaper. The University is best known for its music department and its athletic endeavors. Wittenberg is also distinguished by its active interdisciplinary programs such as East Asian Studies and Russian Area Studies. Recently majors in Management, Communication, Education are also becoming popular. The University made significant renovations to its science facilities with the opening of the Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center in 2003.
The city is also home to Clark State Community College. Clark State Community College was founded in 1962 under the name of the Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program as a technical education college for Clark County, Ohio and the surrounding area. It changed its name in 1966 to Clark County Technical Institute. The Ohio Board of Regents accredited it as Ohio's first technical college. It is now called Clark State Community College and has more than one thousand students. It offers courses in business, health, public services, engineering technologies, agriculture and general studies.
The Clark County Public Library operates three public libraries within the city of Springfield.[37]
Media
The city is served by one daily newspaper, the Springfield News-Sun, and by one weekly newspaper, The Springfield Paper. The Wittenberg Torch is the newspaper of Wittenberg University, and WUSO-FM "The Berg" is its radio station. WEEC-FM radio, featuring Christian-based programming, is also located in the city.
Notable people
The following are notable people born and/or raised in Springfield:
Berenice Abbott – photographer
Randy Ayers – assistant coach of the New Orleans Pelicans, former head coach of Ohio State and the Philadelphia 76ers
Minnie Willis Baines Miller – author
Dave Burba – major league baseball player
William R. Burnett – novelist and screenwriter
Garvin Bushell – musician (saxophone, clarinet, etc.)
Butch Carter - Former NBA Player and Coach
Justin Chambers – former model and actor (in the cast of Grey's Anatomy)
Lewis Strong Clarke – Louisiana sugar planter and Republican politician in the 19th century[38]
Call Cobbs, Jr. – jazz pianist
Jason Collier – professional basketball player
Andrew Daniel – winner of Big Brother 5
Trey DePriest - Linebacker of the Baltimore Ravens, 2 time NCAA National Champion of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team.
Mike DeWine – governor-elect of Ohio, former US Senator, and present Ohio Attorney General
Marsha Dietlein – actress
Adam Eaton (outfielder) - Major league baseball player
Wayne Embry – professional basketball player
Lillian Gish – actress from the silent film era and after
Luther Alexander Gotwald Prof., D.D. – tried for and acquitted of Lutheran heresy at Wittenberg College in 1893.
Albert Belmont Graham – Founder of 4H
Wilbur Gunn (1859–1920) founder of the British Lagonda motor company
Harvey Haddix – major league baseball player
Robert C. Henry – first African American mayor of any city
Dustin Hermanson – major league baseball player
Dave Hobson – Former U.S. Congressman for Ohio's Seventh District
Alice Hohlmayer – All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
Griffin House – singer-songwriter
Jimmy Journell – major league baseball player
J. Warren Keifer – Civil War General and Speaker of the House
Bradley Kincaid -America's first country music star. He performed on WLS, WBZ, and WLW.
David Ward King – inventor of the King road drag
Brooks Lawrence – major league baseball player
John Legend (a.k.a. John Stephens) – singer, musician, R&B and neo-soul pianist
Lois Lenski – author and illustrator of children's fiction, including Strawberry Girl
Deborah Loewer – U.S. Navy flag officer
Luke Lucas – major league baseball player
Johnny Lytle – jazz musician
Will McEnaney – major league baseball player, pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds
Jeff Meckstroth – Multiple world champion bridge players
Braxton Miller - Former Ohio State Quarterback and current NFL player
Davey Moore – Boxer, World Featherweight Title holder 1959–1963
Troy Perkins – professional soccer player
Carl Ferdinand Pfeifer – Presidential Aide
Coles Phillips – early 20th-century illustrator, inventor of the "fade-away" girl
Robert Bruce Raup – Professor, Teachers College, Columbia University, writer, and critic of American Education system.
Alaina Reed Hall – television actress, "227 (TV series)" and "Sesame Street"
Cecil Scott – jazz clarinetist, tenor saxophonist, and bandleader
Dick Shatto – professional Canadian football player
Winant Sidle – U.S. Army Major General
James Garfield Stewart, Supreme Court of Ohio the 109th Justice
Dann Stupp – author
Charles Thompson – jazz musician
Tommy Tucker (a.k.a. Robert Higginbotham) – jazz musician
W. D. Twichell – surveyor
Christopher J. Waild – screenwriter
Earle Warren – jazz saxophonist with Count Basie
Walter L. Weaver – U.S. Representative from Ohio
Rick White – major league baseball player
Worthington Whittredge – Hudson River School painter
Jonathan Winters – actor and comedian
See also
Clark County Heritage Center, which houses the Clark County Historical Society museum, library, and archives.
Springfield City School District, the school district that serves the city of Springfield
References
^ ab "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
^ abc "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
^ ab "American FactFinder2". Retrieved 2010-03-20.
^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
^ "Springfield third worst in wellness survey". Springfield News-Sun. May 14, 2011.
^ Martin, Patrick (October 14, 2012). "Welcome to Springfield, Ohio, the 'unhappiest city' in the U.S." The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
^ Michael Cooper. "Springfield ranked least healthy city in Ohio by national report". Springfield News-Sun. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
^ "The Least Healthy City in Every State". 24/7 Wall St. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
^ "Peckuwe Shawnee Memorial Marker". HNdb.org, The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
^ "The Battle of Piqua Marker". HMdb.org, The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
^ "History of Clark County: New Boston". Ghost Towns. The Network of Springfield, Ohio. 2008. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
^ Raitz, Karl B.; Thompson, George F. (1996). The National Road. JHU Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8018-5155-1.
^ History of the Bushnell Building Archived April 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "4-H History." Available at: National4-hheadquarters.gov Archived October 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Mob in Ohio Shoots..." New York Times. March 8, 1904.
^ Ohiohistorycentral.org
^ Knepper, George W. (January 2003). Ohio and Its People. Kent State University Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-87338-791-0.
^ COLLIER HOLDERS BACK PLANT SALE; Debts Put at $9,000,000-- '56 Net of Book Business Given as $5,000,000 $3,600,000 Needed COLLIER HOLDERS BACK PLANT SALE
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
^ "Population: Ohio" (PDF). 1930 US Census. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
^ "Number of Inhabitants: Ohio" (PDF). 18th Census of the United States. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
[permanent dead link]
^ "Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
^ "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
^ "Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2012". FBI.
^ "Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2013". FBI.
^ "Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2014". FBI.
^ Wedell, Katie (March 22, 2016). "Violent crime in Springfield at 14-year high". Springfield News-Sun.
^ Wichie, Allison. "Springfield residents fed up with crime, ready to fight back". Springfield News-Sun. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ Great Schools.com. "Springfield City School District Profile". Retrieved 2008-10-06.
^ ab "Global Impact STEM Academy".
^ "Library branches". Clark County Public Library. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ "Clarke, Lewis Strong". Louisiana Historical Association, A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.com). Archived from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2010.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Springfield, Ohio. |
 | Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Springfield. |
- City of Springfield
- Greater Springfield Convention and Visitor's Bureau
"Springfield, a city and the capital of Clark co., Ohio". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
"Springfield, a city and the capital of Clark co., Ohio". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.Places adjacent to Springfield, Ohio | ||||||||||
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Springfield
Municipalities and communities of Clark County, Ohio, United States | ||
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County seat: Springfield | ||
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