Mixing
机车轴式
以華氏式別分類的蒸氣機車
1900年代的华氏式别手册。[1]
在铁路技术上，机车轴式，或称机车轮式，是指用英文字母和阿拉伯数字的组合来表达铁路机车走行部车轴排列结构和特点的系统化分类方式。世界上各地使用的机车轴式表达系统主要有三种。
华氏轮式：这是最早出现的机车轴式分类系统之一，广泛应用于蒸汽机车的识别，主要为美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰等地采用。
AAR轴式：是一种由美国铁路协会所制定的轴式分类法，主要应用于美国和加拿大的柴油机车和电力机车。
UIC分类法：是一种由國際鐵路聯盟制定的轴式分类法，广泛应用于欧洲和亚洲国家。
不同机车轴式之對比
UIC軸式
VDEV/VMEV/UIC-System
華氏式別
（Whyte-Notation）
美式稱呼
簡單圖解
左方為機車前進方向
A1
0-2-2
Oo
A2
0-2-4
Ooo
1A
2-2-0
Planet
oO
1A1
2-2-2
Patentee
oOo
1A2
2-2-4
oOoo
2′A
4-2-0
Crampton, Norris, Jervis
ooO
2′A1
4-2-2
Single Driver
ooOo
2A2
4-2-4
ooOoo
3A
6-2-0
Crampton
oooO
N/A
0-3-0
OOO
B
0-4-0
Four-Wheel-Switcher
OO
B1
0-4-2
OOo
B2′
0-4-4
Forney
OOoo
B3′
0-4-6
OOooo
1B
2-4-0
Hanscom
oOO
1′B1′
2-4-2
Columbia
oOOo
1B2′
2-4-4
oOOoo
1B3′
2-4-6
oOOooo
2′B
4-4-0
American, Eight-Wheeler
ooOO
2′B1′
4-4-2
Atlantic
ooOOo
2′B2′
4-4-4
Jubilee
ooOOoo
2′B3′
4-4-6
ooOOooo
C
0-6-0
Six-Wheel-Switcher
OOO
C1
0-6-2
OOOo
C2′
0-6-4
OOOoo
1′C
2-6-0
Mogul
oOOO
1′C1′
2-6-2
Prairie
oOOOo
1′C2′
2-6-4
Adriatic
oOOOoo
1′C3′
2-6-6
oOOOooo
2′C
4-6-0
Ten-Wheeler
ooOOO
2′C1′
4-6-2
Pacific
ooOOOo
2′C2′
4-6-4
Hudson, Baltic
ooOOOoo
D
0-8-0
Eight-Wheel-Switcher
OOOO
D1
0-8-2
OOOOo
D2′
0-8-4
OOOOoo
D3′
0-8-6
OOOOooo
1′D
2-8-0
Consolidation
oOOOO
1′D1′
2-8-2
Mikado
oOOOOo
1′D1′
2-8-2T
MacArthur
oOOOOo
(1′D1′)(1′D1′)
2-8-2+2-8-2
Double Mikado, Garrett
oOOOOo+oOOOOo
1′D2′
2-8-4
Berkshire
oOOOOoo
1′D3′
2-8-6
oOOOOooo
2′D
4-8-0
Twelve-Wheeler, Mastodon
ooOOOO
2′D1′
4-8-2
Mountain, Mohawk (NYC)
ooOOOOo
2′D2′
4-8-4
Northern, General Service (SP), Golden State (SP), Niagara (NYC), Wyoming
ooOOOOoo
2D3
4-8-6
ooOOOOooo
3′D3′
6-8-6
nameless (Pennsylvania Railroad Steam Turbine)
oooOOOOooo
E
0-10-0
Ten-Wheel Switcher
OOOOO
E1′
0-10-2
Union
OOOOOo
1′E
2-10-0
Decapod
oOOOOO
2′E
4-10-0
Mastodon
ooOOOOO
1′E1′
2-10-2
Santa Fe
oOOOOOo
1′E2′
2-10-4
Texas
oOOOOOoo
2′E1′
4-10-2
Southern Pacific, Overland
ooOOOOOo
F
0-12-0
Pennsylvania, Twelve-Wheel-Switcher
OOOOOO
1′F
2-12-0
Centipede
oOOOOOO
1′F1′
2-12-2
Javanic
oOOOOOOo
2′F1′
4-12-2
Union Pacific
ooOOOOOOo
2′G2′
4-14-4
ooOOOOOOOoo
nameless (AA)
0-2-2-0
O O
B′B
0-4-4-0
nameless (Mallet)
OO OO
B′B1
0-4-4-2
nameless (Mallet)
OO OOo
2′BB2′
4-4-4-4
nameless (Pennsylvania Railroad Duplex)
ooOO OOoo
3′BB3′
6-4-4-6
oooOO OOooo
2′CB2′
4-6-4-4
nameless (Pennsylvania Railroad Duplex)
ooOOO OOoo
C′C
0-6-6-0
Erie (Mallet)
OOO OOO
(1′C)C
2-6-6-0
nameless (Mallet)
oOOO OOO
(1′C)C1′
2-6-6-2
Mallet Mogul (SP), Prairie Mallet (ATSF)
oOOO OOOo
(1′C)C2′
2-6-6-4
nameless (Simple articulated)
oOOO OOOoo
(2′C)C2′
4-6-6-4
Challenger (Simple articulated)
ooOOO OOOoo
(1′C)C3′
2-6-6-6
Allegheny (Mallet/Simple articulated)
oOOO OOOooo
D′D
0-8-8-0
Angus (Mallet)
OOOO OOOO
(1′D)D
2-8-8-0
Bullmoose (Mallet)
oOOOO OOOO
(1′D)D1′
2-8-8-2
Chesapeake, Mallet consolidation (Mallet)
oOOOO OOOOo
(1′D)D2′
2-8-8-4
Yellowstone (Mallet/Simple articulated)
oOOOO OOOOoo
(2′D)D1′
4-8-8-2
Cab Forward (Simple articulated)
ooOOOO OOOOo
(2′D)D2′
4-8-8-4
Big Boy (Simple articulated)
ooOOOO OOOOoo
(1′E)E1′
2-10-10-2
Virginian (Mallet)
oOOOOO+OOOOOo
(2′C1′)(1′C2′)
4-6-2+2-6-4
Double Pacific (Garratt)
ooOOOo+oOOOoo
(2′C2′)(2′C2′)
4-6-4+4-6-4
Double Hudson (Garratt)
ooOOOoo+ooOOOoo
(2′D)(D2′)
4-8-0+0-8-4
Double Mastodon (Garratt)
ooOOOO+OOOOoo
(2′D1′)(1′D2′)
4-8-2+2-8-4
Double Mountain (Garratt)
ooOOOOo+oOOOOoo
(2′D2′)(2′D2′)
4-8-4+4-8-4
Double Northern (Garratt)
ooOOOOoo+ooOOOOoo
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^ Colvin, Fred H. The railroad pocket-book: a quick reference cyclopedia of railroad information. New York, Derry-Collard; London, Locomotive Publishing Company (US-UK co-edition). 1906: L‑9.
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