電鰻目












 

電鰻目
化石時期: 晚侏羅紀–今

PreЄ

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O

S

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C

P

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線翎電鰻(Apteronotus albifrons)

線翎電鰻(Apteronotus albifrons


科學分類






















界:

動物界 Animalia

門:

脊索動物門 Chordata


亞門:

脊椎動物亞門 Vertebrata

綱:

輻鰭魚綱 Actinopterygii

目:

電鰻目 Gymnotiformes



亞目

  • 見內文


電鰻目為真骨類硬骨魚,分布於新熱帶界(北阿根廷至南墨西哥地區)的淡水流域(有部分種類會游至汽水流域覓食),多為夜行性。電鰻目的成員透過擺動延長的臀鰭游動,可以在自身周圍產生電場進行探測與溝通。部分大型物種如電鰻(Electrophorus electricus)可以運用強力的電場進行攻擊或是自衛。[1]電鰻目中有許多物種為觀賞魚,包括線翎電鰻(俗稱黑魔鬼)、線鰭電鰻(俗稱玻璃飛刀)與圭亞那裸背電鰻(俗稱虎紋飛刀)。



分類


目前電鰻目共有5科34屬約250種,有部分物種尚未有明確分類[2][3][4],所以實際的物種數仍然尚待明確。[5]電鰻目被認為是鮎形目的姊妹群[6][7],大約在1億2千萬年前的白堊紀時期分歧。


電鰻目為輻鰭魚綱的其中一目,其下分2個亞目:[8][9]


電鰻目Gymnotiformes




裸背電鰻亞目(Gymnotoidei

裸背電鰻科(Gymnotidae



線鰭電鰻亞目(Sternopygoidei


大吻電鰻科(Rhamphichthyidae


短吻電鰻科(Hypopomidae


線鰭電鰻科(Sternopygidae


線翎電鰻科(Apteronotidae





參考文獻





  1. ^ van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert (编). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. 2017: 322–345. ISBN 978-0691170749. 


  2. ^ Albert, J.S., and W.G.R. Crampton. 2005. Electroreception and electrogenesis. Pp. 431-472 in The Physiology of Fishes, 3rd Edition. D.H. Evans and J.B. Claiborne (eds.). CRC Press.


  3. ^ Eschmeyer, W. N., & Fong, J. D. (2016). Catalog of fishes: Species by family/subfamily.


  4. ^ Ferraris Jr, C.J.; C.D. de Santana; R.P. Vari. Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. Neotrop. ichthyol. 2017, 15 (1). doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160067. 


  5. ^ Albert, J.S. and W.G.R. Crampton. 2005. Diversity and phylogeny of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes). Pp. 360-409 in Electroreception. T.H. Bullock, C.D. Hopkins, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay (eds.). Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Volume 21 (R.R. Fay and A. N. Popper, eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


  6. ^ "Fink and Fink, 1996">FINK, S. V., & FINK, W. L. (1981). Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72(4), 297-353.


  7. ^ "Arcila et al., 2017">Arcila, D., Ortí, G., Vari, R., Armbruster, J. W., Stiassny, M. L., Ko, K. D., ... & Betancur-R, R. (2017). Genome-wide interrogation advances resolution of recalcitrant groups in the tree of life. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 0020.


  8. ^ Nelson, Joseph, S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. Fishes of the World 5. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2016. ISBN 978-1118342336. 


  9. ^ Ferraris Jr, C.J.; C.D. de Santana; R.P. Vari. Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. Neotrop. ichthyol. 2017, 15 (1). doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160067. 










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