電鰻目
電鰻目 化石時期: 晚侏羅紀–今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | ||||||||||
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線翎電鰻(Apteronotus albifrons) | ||||||||||
科學分類 | ||||||||||
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亞目 | ||||||||||
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電鰻目為真骨類硬骨魚,分布於新熱帶界(北阿根廷至南墨西哥地區)的淡水流域(有部分種類會游至汽水流域覓食),多為夜行性。電鰻目的成員透過擺動延長的臀鰭游動,可以在自身周圍產生電場進行探測與溝通。部分大型物種如電鰻(Electrophorus electricus)可以運用強力的電場進行攻擊或是自衛。[1]電鰻目中有許多物種為觀賞魚,包括線翎電鰻(俗稱黑魔鬼)、線鰭電鰻(俗稱玻璃飛刀)與圭亞那裸背電鰻(俗稱虎紋飛刀)。
分類
目前電鰻目共有5科34屬約250種,有部分物種尚未有明確分類[2][3][4],所以實際的物種數仍然尚待明確。[5]電鰻目被認為是鮎形目的姊妹群[6][7],大約在1億2千萬年前的白堊紀時期分歧。
電鰻目為輻鰭魚綱的其中一目,其下分2個亞目:[8][9]
電鰻目(Gymnotiformes)
裸背電鰻亞目(Gymnotoidei)
裸背電鰻科(Gymnotidae)
線鰭電鰻亞目(Sternopygoidei)
大吻電鰻科(Rhamphichthyidae)
短吻電鰻科(Hypopomidae)
線鰭電鰻科(Sternopygidae)
線翎電鰻科(Apteronotidae)
參考文獻
^ van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert (编). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. 2017: 322–345. ISBN 978-0691170749.
^ Albert, J.S., and W.G.R. Crampton. 2005. Electroreception and electrogenesis. Pp. 431-472 in The Physiology of Fishes, 3rd Edition. D.H. Evans and J.B. Claiborne (eds.). CRC Press.
^ Eschmeyer, W. N., & Fong, J. D. (2016). Catalog of fishes: Species by family/subfamily.
^ Ferraris Jr, C.J.; C.D. de Santana; R.P. Vari. Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. Neotrop. ichthyol. 2017, 15 (1). doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160067.
^ Albert, J.S. and W.G.R. Crampton. 2005. Diversity and phylogeny of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes). Pp. 360-409 in Electroreception. T.H. Bullock, C.D. Hopkins, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay (eds.). Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Volume 21 (R.R. Fay and A. N. Popper, eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
^ "Fink and Fink, 1996">FINK, S. V., & FINK, W. L. (1981). Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72(4), 297-353.
^ "Arcila et al., 2017">Arcila, D., Ortí, G., Vari, R., Armbruster, J. W., Stiassny, M. L., Ko, K. D., ... & Betancur-R, R. (2017). Genome-wide interrogation advances resolution of recalcitrant groups in the tree of life. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 0020.
^ Nelson, Joseph, S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. Fishes of the World 5. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2016. ISBN 978-1118342336.
^ Ferraris Jr, C.J.; C.D. de Santana; R.P. Vari. Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. Neotrop. ichthyol. 2017, 15 (1). doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160067.
维基物种中的分类信息:電鰻目 |
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