指责受害人




指责受害人或稱作檢討受害者，一种认知方式，是指在侵害行为或犯罪事件中，将过错部分或全部归咎于受害者，认为受到伤害一定是因为受害人本身有错。在对欺凌、抢劫、强奸、性骚扰等行为的评论中经常出现[1][2]。此一認知方式往往導致身心已受創的被害者陷入自責和自我厭惡的情緒，提高受害人患上上心理疾病的概率或加重病情。而大眾過度著重於檢討受害者，有時反而忽略了真正的加害人（往往是罪犯）仍然逍遙法外。



舉例



  • 欺凌：指責受欺凌的人個性軟弱、不擅處理人際關係或得罪加害者。

  • 強姦、性騷擾：指責被害者（一般是女性）穿著暴露、舉止外放、「不守婦道」。

  • 搶劫：遭到搶劫的受害者往往被指責「炫富」。



参见


  • 公正世界理论


参考文献





  1. ^ http://crcvc.ca/docs/victim_blaming.pdf


  2. ^ Fox, K. A.; Cook, C. L. Is Knowledge Power? The Effects of a Victimology Course on Victim Blaming. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2011, 26: 3407–3427. doi:10.1177/0886260511403752. 








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