黃皮屬












 

如何讀生物分類框
黃皮屬


科學分類






























域：
真核域 Eukarya
界：
植物界 Plantae
門：
被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
綱：
雙子葉植物綱
目：
无患子目 Sapindales
科：
芸香科 Rutaceae
屬：
黃皮屬 Clausena

種

約30種，詳見內文



黃皮屬（学名：Clausena），是芸香科下的一個屬，全球約有30種[1]
，分佈於東半球熱帶及亞熱帶地區，中國國內約有10種及2變種，其中一種為引種栽培，分佈於長江以南各地，當中以廣東、廣西及雲南種類最多[1]；台灣有2種[2]。本屬能供藥用者約有5種及1變種[3]；部份品種果實能供作水果食用，其果肉偏酸或味甜，因含芳香族化合物服食過多能引致麻舌感[1]。本屬的模式種為假黄皮（Clausena excavata）[1]。本屬染色體基數為X=9，2n=18[1]。




目录






  • 1 形態特徵


    • 1.1 葉


    • 1.2 花


    • 1.3 果




  • 2 物種


  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 外部連結





形態特徵


黃皮屬中包含常綠喬木或灌木植物 [1]。枝幹無刺，幼枝常具有小瘤狀突起油點及叢生的細短柔毛[1]。



葉


葉為奇數羽狀複葉，互生；小葉片薄革質，兩側不對稱(368)，具半透明的油點[4]
，常為互生，小為對生；葉軸常具有小瘤狀突起油點及叢生的細短柔毛。



花


花為聚傘狀圓錐花序，頂生或腋生[4]，總花梗連同花序軸通常較長[5]
，花序軸常具有小瘤狀突起油點及叢生的細短柔毛；花為兩性花，白色至黃色[5]；花蕾圓球形，小為卵形或寬卵形[4][6]；萼片4－5枚，中部以下通常合生[5]；花瓣4－5枚，橢圓形或長圓形，分離[4]，4枚時多近聚合排列，5枚時呈覆瓦狀排列，表面常具油點[5]，披毛或無毛；雄蕊6－10枚[4]，兩輪排列，着生於隆起的花盤基部，外輪與萼片等長對生[4]，其餘長短不相等或近等長[5]；花絲基部稍増寬[5]，小為線形，中部呈曲膝狀[4]，頂端鉆尖；花藥黃色，背着藥[5]；雌蕊常短於雄蕊[5]；子房近圓球形，通常具短的子房柄[5]，常為4－5室[5]，有時因不育[6]隔膜消失而成1－3[5]室[4]，每室常有並列的胚珠1[6]－2顆[5]，小為1顆，具透明的油點[4]，無毛或具柔毛；花柱短而粗，通常比子房短[5]或等長[4]，小為較子房長，脫落[4]，無毛或具柔毛[5]；柱頭與花柱等寬[4]或稍増大。



果


果為漿果，扁球形、圓球形或卵球形[5]，成熟時淡黃色、暗黃色或紫黑色[5]，每果具1－4顆種子 [5]；種子近圓球形或扁長圓形[5]；種皮薄[4]，棕色膜質；子葉深綠色[4]，油點較多，平凸，或有時兩側邊緣稍向內卷，胚莖披微柔毛。



物種


黃皮屬約包含30種物種[7][8]：




  • Clausena abyssinica Engl.


  • Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth.


  • Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr. 细叶黄皮


  • Clausena austroindica B.C.Stone & K.K.N.Nair


  • Clausena brevistyla Oliv.


  • Clausena dentata (Willd.) Roem. 大花齒葉黃皮


  • Clausena dunniana Lévl. 齒葉黃皮

    • Clausena dunniana var. robusta毛齒葉黃皮



  • Clausena emarginata Huang小黃皮


  • Clausena engleri Yu.Tanaka


  • Clausena excavata Burm.f. 假黃皮


  • Clausena hainanensis Huang et Xing海南黃皮


  • Clausena harmandiana (Pierre) Guillaumin


  • Clausena henryi (Swingle) C.C.Huang 湖北黃皮


  • Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.


  • Clausena indica (Dalzell) Oliv.


  • Clausena inolida Z.J. Yu & C.Y. Wong 麗達黃皮


  • Clausena kanpurensis Molino


  • Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 黃皮


  • Clausena lenis Drake 光滑黃皮


  • Clausena luxurians (Kurz) Swingle


  • Clausena odorata Huang香花黃皮


  • Clausena poilanei Molino


  • Clausena sanki (Perr.) Molino


  • Clausena vestita Tao毛葉黃皮


  • Clausena smyrelliana P.I.Forst.


  • Clausena wallichii Oliv.


  • Clausena yunnanensis Huang云南黃皮

    • Clausena yunnanensis var. longgangensis Liang et Lu弄岗黄皮




参考文献





  1. ^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6 黃皮屬 (PDF). 中國植物誌 43: 126. [永久失效連結]


  2. ^ 4. CLAUSENA 黃皮屬. 臺灣維管束植物簡誌 3: 137. 


  3. ^ 《當代藥用植物典 4》. 蕭培根. 香港賽馬會中藥研究院. 2007年8月: 第136頁. ISBN 978-988-99226-3-4. [永久失效連結]


  4. ^ 4.004.014.024.034.044.054.064.074.084.094.104.114.124.13 黃皮屬 (PDF). 浙江植物誌 3: 418. [永久失效連結]


  5. ^ 5.005.015.025.035.045.055.065.075.085.095.105.115.125.135.145.155.165.17 黃皮屬 (PDF). 四川植物誌 9: 145. [永久失效連結]


  6. ^ 6.06.16.2 黃皮屬 (PDF). 福建植物誌 2: 368. [永久失效連結]


  7. ^ 黃皮屬. 中國數字植物標本館. [永久失效連結]


  8. ^ Clausena. The Plant List 2010. 




外部連結






维基物种中的分类信息：黃皮屬

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  • （简体中文）Clausena Burm. f. 黄皮属. 中國自然標本館. [August 14, 2011]. 


  • （简体中文）Clausena Burm. f. 黄皮属. 中國自然標本館物种相册. [August 14, 2011]. 


  • （简体中文）黄皮属. 植物通. [August 14, 2011]. 








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