Mixing
1989 in comics
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1989
1988 in comics
1990 in comics
Notable events of 1989 in comics. See also List of years in comics.
Contents
1 Events
1.1 Year overall
1.2 January
1.3 February
1.4 March
1.5 April
1.6 May
1.7 June
1.8 July
1.9 August
1.10 September
1.11 October
1.12 November
1.13 December
1.14 Specific date unknown
2 Deaths
2.1 January
2.2 February
2.3 March
2.4 April
2.5 May
2.6 June
2.7 July
2.8 August
2.9 October
2.10 November
2.11 December
2.12 Specific date unknown
3 Exhibitions and shows
4 Conventions
5 Awards
5.1 Eagle Awards
5.1.1 American Section
5.1.2 U.K. Section
5.2 Eisner Awards
6 First issues by title
6.1 DC Comics
6.1.1 Limited series
6.2 Marvel Comics
6.2.1 Limited series
6.3 Independent and small press titles
6.3.1 Limited series
7 Initial appearance by character name
7.1 DC Comics
7.2 Marvel Comics
7.3 Independent and small press titles
8 References
Events
Year overall
- "Inferno" company-wide Marvel Comics crossover continues, involving the mutant titles The Uncanny X-Men, X-Factor, The New Mutants, and Excalibur, as well as the X-Terminators limited series and various other Marvel titles. Began in Marvel titles cover-dated October 1988; runs through issues cover-dated August 1989.
DC Comics debuts its alternative imprint Piranha Press, rolling out such series as Beautiful Stories for Ugly Children, Epicurus the Sage, Etc., Gregory, and The Score; and the original graphic novels Desert Streams, The Sinners, and The Wastelands.
Caliber Comics, Continüm Comics, Revolutionary Comics, and Trident Comics make their publishing debuts; Blackthorne Publishing, Comics Interview Group, Starblaze Graphics, and the UK publisher Harrier Comics all cease publishing.- "The Man Who Falls," by Dennis O'Neil and Dick Giordano, published in Secret Origins of the World's Greatest Super-Heroes trade paperback. (DC Comics)
NOW Comics decided to use the Comics Code Authority seal in that year.
January
Ronald Perelman buys the Marvel Entertainment Group, the parent company of Marvel Comics, from New World Entertainment for $82.5 million, putting in $10.5 million of his own money and borrowing the rest.
Invasion! crossover event in DC Comics
February
Doom Patrol vol. 2, #19: "Crawling from the Wreckage" — Grant Morrison begins a celebrated run as Doom Patrol writer (lasting until issue #63, January 1993).
Gotham by Gaslight, by Brian Augustyn, Mike Mignola, and P. Craig Russell, published by DC Comics.
Justice League International #24 features the final Bonus Book, a free insert showcasing the work of new comics creators.[1]
Thor #400: "God vs. god in the greatest battle of all time," mostly written by Tom DeFalco. (Marvel Comics)
The Avengers #300: 68-page Inferno crossover by Walter Simonson, John Buscema, and Tom Palmer. (Marvel Comics)
March
March 4: The merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications was announced.
March 14: Action Comics, with issue #642, ends its weekly publication schedule (begun May 24, 1988) and goes on a short hiatus (resuming publication in July). (DC Comics)
April
April 30: Near Paris the theme park Parc Astérix opens its doors, based on the comic strip Astérix. [2]
Dragon's Claws is canceled by Marvel UK with issue #10.
Wanderers is canceled by DC with issue #13.
May
Detective Comics #600 by Sam Hamm,[3]Denys Cowan, Dick Giordano, and Frank McLaughlin. (DC Comics)- The Janus Directive crossover storyline begins. (DC Comics)
Justice League International changes its name to Justice League America with issue #26 (DC Comics).
June
June 21: The final issue of the Flemish comics magazine 't Kapoentje is published.
June 28: The first issue of the Flemish comics magazine De Jommekeskrant is published, a supplement of Het Volk.
Atlantis Attacks crossover event in Marvel Comics, runs through Marvel's core title Annuals.
Maze Agency ceases publication by Comico with issue #7.
July
Action Comics, with issue #643, goes back to being a standard format monthly title. (DC Comics)- The introduction of the Great Lakes Avengers in issue #46 of West Coast Avengers. (Marvel Comics)
August
Batman: Year Three storyline, by Marv Wolfman and Pat Broderick, begins in Batman #436 (runs through Batman #439). (DC Comics)
Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 2 is canceled by DC with issue #63.
C.O.P.S.is cancelled by DC with issue #15.
St. Swithin's Day, by Grant Morrison and Paul Grist, debuts in Trident #1. (Continues through issue #4; collected by Trident Comics as a trade paperback in 1990.)
September
West Coast Avengers changes its name to Avengers West Coast with issue #48.
Death's Head is cancelled by Marvel UK with issue #10.
October
October 6: The Belgian Comic Strip Center in Brussels opens its doors. [4]
October 28: The Dead Man storyline, by John Wagner and John Ridgway, begins in 2000 AD prog 650 (running through prog 662, 20 January 1990). (Fleetway Publications)
Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, by Grant Morrison and Dave McKean, published by DC Comics.
Daniel Clowes launches his comic book series Eightball. In the first issue his comics series Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron and Pussey! are prepublished.
November
Conan The King is cancelled with issue #55.
December
Acts of Vengeance crossover event in Marvel Comics; runs through February 1990 issues.
G.I. Joe Special Missions is canceled by Marvel with issue #28.
Maze Agency is picked up by Innovation Comics with issue #8.
Specific date unknown
- The final issue of the Belgian satirical comics and cartoons magazine Pourquoi pas? is published.
Deaths
January
January 17: Malcolm Judge, British comics artist (Colonel Crackpot's Circus, The Numskulls, Billy Whizz), dies at age 70 or 71. [5]
February
February 9: Osamu Tezuka, Japanese manga artist and animator (Astro Boy, Kimba the White Lion, Black Jack, Phoenix, Princess Knight, Unico, Message to Adolf, The Amazing 3, Buddha), dies at age 60. [6]
February 25: Ken Champin, American comics artist (Disney comics), passes away at age 77. [7]
February 27: Peter Age Veldheer, Dutch comics artist (made comics starring Tarzan), dies at age 58. [8]
March
March 19: Ethel Hays, American comics artist (Vic and Ethel, Flapper Fanny Says, Raggedy Ann), dies at age 97. [9]
March 30: Mike Sekowsky, American comics artist and writer (Justice League of America, Wonder Woman), dies at age 65. [10]
April
April 9: Carl Wessler, American comics artist and writer (Snazzy Rabbit, Señorita Juanita McMouse, Filbert Fox, Happy Daze, Atlas Comics, E.C. Comics, Harvey Comics), dies at age 75[11]
April 27: William Arthur Smith, American animation writer, comics artist and illustrator (Captain Cook of Scotland Yard, Race Keane, Yankee Eagle, Navy Section, The King, Red, White and Blue), dies at age 71. [12]
May
May 3: Edmundo Marculeta, aka Marcouleta, Marcouletta, Marcou, Boris Tunder, Spanish-French comics artist (Aventuras de Baron Thunder, Julio y Ricardo, Vengador del Mundo, Jim l'Eclair, Sandy le Petit Boucanier), dies at age 66. [13]
May 21: Buford Tune, American comics artist (Dotty Dripple), passes away at age 82. [14]
June
June 4: Dik Browne, American comics artist and writer (Hägar the Horrible, Hi and Lois), passes away at age 71. [15]
July
July 10: Jean-Michel Charlier, Belgian comics writer (Buck Danny, Barbe-Rouge, Blueberry, La Patrouille des Castors, L'oncle Paul), dies at age 64. [16]
July 12: Rodolphe Vincent, Canadian illustrator, novelist and comics artist (newspaper comic strip adaptations of swashbuckler novels), dies at age 84. [17]
August
August 4: Paul Murry, American animator, comics artist and writer (Buck O'Rue, Disney comics, created the Super Goof feature), passes away at age 77. [18]
August 8: George Papp, American comics artist (co-creator of Green Arrow and Congo Bill, worked on Superman and Superboy), passes away at age 73. [19]
October
October 12: Jay Ward, American animator and producer (Crusader Rabbit, Rocky & Bullwinkle, Dudley Do-Right, Peabody and Sherman, Hoppity Hooper, George of the Jungle, Tom Slick, Super Chicken), passes away at age 69.
October 14: Dale Connor, American comics artist (Mary Worth, assisted on Apple Mary), dies at the age of 85. [20]
October 18: Henk J. Rotgans, Dutch comics artist (Robbie en Ringo, Jop, Joep en... Jippie, Moppy Mal, De Razende Raket), dies at age 79. [21]
November
November 20: Sten Rinaldo, Swedish comics artist (Ba-Ba, Varför är Icander så glad?), dies at age 83. [22]
November 22: C.C. Beck, American comics artist (Captain Marvel), dies at age 79. [23]
November 22: José Guadalupe Cruz, Mexican comics writer and screenwriter (comics about El Santo), passes away at age 72. [24]
November 24: Gordon Bess, American comics artist and writer (Redeye), dies at age 60. [25]
December
December 12: Suihō Tagawa, Japanese manga artist (Norakuro), passes away at the age of 90. [26]
December 18: Henning Gantriis, Danish comics artist ('Livets Gang i Lidenlund), dies at age 71. [27]
Specific date unknown
- Nestor Gonzalez Fossat, Argentine comics artist (Jimmy y su Pupilo, Aventuras de Menucho, Firulete y Retacón, Goyito y Goyita), dies at age 80 or 81. [28]
Charles Kuhn, American comics artist (Grandma), dies at age 97. [29]
- Karel van Milleghem, Belgian journalist and chief editor (Ons Volkske and the Dutch language version of Tintin, creator of the famous slogan Tintin, for people between 7 and 77, initiator of Belvision), dies at age 65 or 66. [30]
- Stoian Venev, Bulgarian comics artist and caricaturist, passes away at age 84 or 85. [31]
- George Wheeler, American animator and comics artist (made a comic strip based on True Life Adventures, Disney comics), dies at age 69 or 70. [32]
Exhibitions and shows
Conventions
Motor City Comic Con (Dearborn Civic Center) — first iteration of this show[33]
January: Angoulême International Comics Festival (Angoulême, France)[34]
Summer: Dragon Con (Omni Hotel & Convention Center, Atlanta, Georgia) — 3,200 attendees; guest of honor: Anne McCaffrey
June: Heroes Convention (Charlotte, North Carolina)
June 16–17: Comix Fair (Ramada Hotel Southwest, Houston, Texas)[35] — seventh annual show;[36] guests include John Romita, Jr., Bob Layton, Tim Vigil,[37] and Doug Hazlewood[35]
June 30–July 2: Chicago Comicon (Ramada O'Hare, Rosemont, Illinois) — c. 5,000 attendees; guests include Jim Aparo, Stan Lee, Harvey Pekar, Jay Lynch, Skip Williamson, and S. Clay Wilson
July 14–16: Dallas Fantasy Fair I (Sheraton Park Central, Dallas, Texas) — presentation of the Harvey Awards; official guests include Doug Hazlewood[38]
July 21–23:[39] Atlanta Fantasy Fair (Atlanta Hilton & Towers, Atlanta, Georgia) — 4,000 attendees;[39] official guests include George Pérez, Michael Dorn, Jerry Robinson, Gary Gygax, Todd Bryant, June Chadwick,[39]Marc Singer, and Marina Sirtis (scheduled guests Bob Kane and Tom Savini forced to cancel)[39]
August 3–6: San Diego Comic-Con (Convention and Performing Arts Center and Omni Hotel) — 11,000 attendees; official guests: Paul Chadwick, Howard Cruse, Ron Goulart, Mark Hamill, Gilbert Hernandez and Jaime Hernandez, Selby Kelly, Syd Mead, Fred Rhoads, Jerry Robinson, and Gahan Wilson
September 8–10: United Kingdom Comic Art Convention — guests include Jim Baikie, Grant Morrison, Jamie Delano, Kev F. Sutherland, John Ridgway, Dickie Howitt, Cam Kennedy, Guy Lawley, Will Simpson, Tim Perkins, Warren Pleece, Gary Pleece, Trina Robbins, Steve Yeowell, Steve Leialoha, Mark Farmer, Karen Berger, John Byrne, Jenette Kahn, Jaime Hernandez, Howard Chaykin, Woodrow Phoenix, Lew Stringer, Richard Bruning, David Lloyd, Susan Catherine, Barry Kitson, Mike Grell, Mark Buckingham, Tom Veitch, Gerhard, Gilbert Hernandez, Garry Leach, Steve Yeowell, Dave Gibbons, Phil Elliott, Myra Hancock, Paul Gravett, Eddie Campbell, Georgiou Bambos, Ed Pinsent, Glenn Dakin, Don Lawrence, Liam Sharp, Bill Marks, Archie Goodwin, Al Davison, Kevin O'Neill, Howard Chaykin, Dennis O'Neil, and Bryan Talbot
September 9–10: FantaCon (Albany, New York)
September 23–24: OrlandoCon (International Inn, Orlando, Florida) — 16th annual edition[40]
October 21–22: Toronto Comic and Sequential Art Exposition (Arts, Crafts and Hobbies Building, Exhibition Place, Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
October 27–29: Festival of Cartoon Art (Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio) —featured guests include Bill Watterson[41]
November 24–26: Dallas Fantasy Fair II (Dallas, Texas)
Awards
Eagle Awards
Presented in 1990 for comics published in 1989, distributed at the 1990 United Kingdom Comic Art Convention [UKCAC] by Paul Gambaccini and Dave Gibbons.
Roll of Honour: 2000 AD
Best International Comic Book: Akira
American Section
Favourite Writer: Neil Gaiman, Sandman (DC Comics)
Favourite Artist (Penciller): Todd McFarlane
Favourite Artist (Inker): Paul Neary
Favourite Comicbook: Uncanny X-Men
Favourite Graphic Novel: Arkham Asylum
Favourite Character: Batman
Favourite Group or Team: Doom Patrol
Favourite Villain: The Joker
Favourite Single or Continued Story: Skreemer, written by Peter Milligan with art by Brett Ewins and Steve Dillon (DC Comics)
Favourite New Comic Title: Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight
Favourite Comic Cover: Aliens #1 by Denis Beauvais
Favourite Specialist Comics Publication: Marvel Age
U.K. Section
Favourite Writer: Grant Morrison
Favourite Artist: Simon Bisley
Favourite Comic: 2000 AD
Best Graphic Novel: Violent Cases (Titan)
Favourite Graphic Novel: Sláine: The Horned God Book I
Favourite Character: Judge Dredd
Favourite Villain: Judge Death
Favourite Supporting Character: Middenface McNulty (Strontium Dog)
Favourite Single or Continued Story: Sláine: The Horned God Book I (2000 AD Prog 626-635)
Character Most Worthy of Own Title: Captain Britain
Favourite New Comic: Bogey Man
Favourite Comic Cover: 2000 AD Prog 626, by Simon Bisley
Favourite Specialist Comics Publication: Speakeasy
Eisner Awards
No awards were presented in 1990, a transition year when Comic-Con International took over administration of the awards.
First issues by title
DC Comics
Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight
Release: September. Writer: Dennis O'Neil. Artists: Ed Hannigan and John Beatty.
Beautiful Stories for Ugly Children
Release: June by Piranha Press. Writer: Dave Louapre. Artist: Dan Sweetman.
El Diablo vol. 2
Release: August. Writer: Gerard Jones. Artist: Mike Parobeck.
Huntress
Release: April. Writer: Joey Cavalieri. Artist: Joe Staton and Bruce Patterson.
Justice League Europe
Release: April. Writer: Keith Giffen and J. M. DeMatteis. Artists: Bart Sears and Pablo Marcos.
L.E.G.I.O.N.
Release: February. Writers: Alan Grant and Keith Giffen. Artists: Barry Kitson, Keith Giffen, and Mike DeCarlo.
Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 3
Release: November. Writers: Keith Giffen and Tom and Mary Bierbaum. Artists: Keith Giffen and Al Gordon.
New Gods vol. 3
Release: February. Writer: Mark Evanier. Artist: Paris Cullins.
The Sandman
Release: January. Writer: Neil Gaiman. Artists: Sam Kieth and Mike Dringenberg.
Star Trek vol. 2
Release: October. Writer: Peter David. Artists: James Fry and Arne Starr.
Star Trek: The Next Generation vol. 2
Release: October. Writer: Michael Jan Friedman. Artist: Pablo Marcos.
Limited series
Catwoman (4 issues)
Release: February. Writer: Mindy Newell. Artists: J.J. Birch and Michael Bair.
Epicurus the Sage (2 issues; #2 published in 1991)
Release: November by Piranha Press. Writer: William Messner-Loebs. Artist: Sam Kieth.
Hawkworld (3 issues)
Release: August. Writer/Artist: Tim Truman.
Invasion! (3 issues)
Release: January. Writers: Keith Giffen and Bill Mantlo. Artists: Keith Giffen and Todd McFarlane.
Justice, Inc. (2 issues)
Release: July. Writer: Andy Helfer. Artist: Kyle Baker.
Lex Luthor: The Unauthorized Biography (1 issue)
Release: May. Writer: James D. Hudnall. Artist: Eduardo Barreto.
Skreemer (6 issues)
Release: May. Writer: Peter Milligan. Artists: Brett Ewins and Steve Dillon.
Marvel Comics
Clive Barker's Hellraiser
Release: January by Epic Comics. Editor: Daniel Chichester.
Marc Spector: Moon Knight
- Release: June. Writer: Chuck Dixon. Artists: Sal Velluto and Mark Farmer.
Nick Fury Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
- Release: September. Writer: Bob Harras. Artists: Bob Hall and Kim DeMulder.
Nth Man: The Ultimate Ninja
- Release: August. Writer: Larry Hama. Artists: Ron Wagner and Fred Fredericks.
Quasar
- Release: October. Writer: Mark Gruenwald. Artists: Paul Ryan and Danny Bulanadi.
Sensational She-Hulk
Release: May. Writer/Artist: John Byrne
What If vol. 2
Release: July. Editor: Craig Anderson
Limited series
Damage Control (4 issues)
Release: May. Writer: Dwayne McDuffie. Artists: Ernie Colón and Bob Wiacek.
Shadowmasters (4 issues)
Release: October. Writer: Carl Potts. Artists: Dan Lawlis and Russ Heath.
The Sleeze Brothers (6 issues)
Release: June by Epic Comics. Writer: John Carnell. Artist: Andy Lanning.
The War (4 issues)
Release: June by New Universe. Writer: Doug Murray. Artist: Tom Morgan.
Independent and small press titles
A1 (Atomeka Press, October )
The Adventures of Bayou Billy
- Release: September by Archie Adventure Series. Writer: Rich Margopoulos. Artist: Amanda Conner.
Baker Street (Caliber, March )
Black Moon Chronicles (Zenda Editions, May)
The Crow (Caliber, February )
Eightball
Release: August by Fantagraphics. Writer/Artist: Daniel Clowes.
Faust (Northstar)
Fung Wan (Jonesky)
The Green Hornet (NOW Comics, November )
Saviour
Release: December by Trident Comics. Writer: Mark Millar. Artists: Daniel Vallely and Nigel Kitching.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures (Archie Comics, March )
Trident
- Release: August by Trident Comics. Editor: Martin Skidmore.
Limited series
Aliens (4 issues)
Release: August by Dark Horse Comics. Writer: Mark Verheiden. Artist: Denis Beauvais.
Squalor (4 issues)
- Release: December by First Comics. Writer: Stefan Petrucha. Artist: Tom Sutton.
Initial appearance by character name
DC Comics
Anarky in Detective Comics #608 (November )
Amadeus Arkham in Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth (October )
Arm Fall Off Boy in Secret Origins vol. 2 #46 (December )
Artemiz in Suicide Squad #35 (November )
Azazel in The Sandman #4 (April )
Blasters in Invasion! #1 (January )
Garryn Bek in Invasion! #1 (January )
Blockbuster (Roland Desmond) in Starman #9 (April )
Brotherhood of Dada in Doom Patrol #26 (September )
Corinthian in The Sandman #10 (October )
Crazy Jane in Doom Patrol #19 (February )
Crimson Fox in Justice League Europe #6 (September )
Deadline in Starman #15 (October )
El Diablo (Rafael Sandoval) in El Diablo vol. 2 #1 (August )
Draaga in Superman #454 (May)
Tim Drake in Batman #436 (August )
Henri Ducard in Detective Comics #599 (April )
The Endless in The Sandman #1 (January )
Death in The Sandman #8 (August )
Desire in The Sandman #10 (November )
Despair in The Sandman #10 (November )
Dream in The Sandman vol. 2 #1 (January )
Eradicator in Action Comics Annual #2- Forager
Flamebird (Bette Kane) in Secret Origins Annual #3
Freedom Beast in Animal Man #13 (July)
Hawkwoman (Shayera Thal) in Hawkworld vol. 1, #1 (August )
Huntress (Helena Bertinelli) in Huntress #1 (April )
Kirigi in Batman #431 (March )
Kono in Legion of Super-Heroes (vol. 4) #2 (December )
Matthew the Raven in The Sandman vol. 2, #11 (December )
Maxima in Action Comics #645 (September )
Mirror Master (Evan McCulloch) in Animal Man #8 (February )
Mr. Nobody in Doom Patrol vol. 2 #26 (September )
Naiad in Firestorm, the Nuclear Man vol. 2 #90 (October )
Linda Park in Flash vol. 2 #28 (July)
Merv Pumpkinhead in The Sandman #5 (May)
Marvel Comics
Agent in Marvel Graphic Novel: Rick Mason, The Agent
Alley Viper in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #92 (November )
Angler in Quasar #3 (mid-November )
Prince Baran in Wolverine vol. 2 #6 (April )
Blackheart in Daredevil #270 (September )
Bloodscream in Wolverine vol. 2 #4 (February )
Carrion (Malcolm McBride) in The Spectacular Spider-Man #149 (April )
Andrew Chord in Thor #411 (December )
Crossbones in Captain America #359 (early October )
Crystal Ball in G.I. Joe Special Missions #24 (August )
Darklon in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #88 (July)
Dogfight in G.I. Joe Special Missions #28 (December )
Jubilee in Uncanny X-Men #244 (May)
Llan the Sorcerer in Alpha Flight #71 (June)
Madman in The Incredible Hulk #363 (December )
Matsu'o Tsurayaba in Uncanny X-Men #255 (mid-December )
Midnight in Marc Spector: Moon Knight #4 (September )
Misfit in West Coast Avengers #40 (January )
Numinus in Power Pack #51 (December )
Alfie O'Meagan in Marvel Comics Presents #25 (August )
Perun in Captain America #352 (April )
Portal in Avengers #304 (June)
Powderkeg in Giant-Size Special: Captain Marvel #1
Red Guardina (Josef Petkus) in Captain America #352 (April )
Roughouse in Wolverine vol. 2, #4 (February )
Shadowmasters in Punisher War Journal #8 (September )
Shockwave in G.I. Joe Special Missions #17 (January )
Shotgun in Daredevil #272 (November )
Silver Fox in Wolverine vol. 2, #10 (August )
Alysande Stuart in Excalibur #6 (March )
Voltar in G.I.Joe: A Real American Hero #87 (June)
Whiteout in Uncanny X-Men #250 (late-October )
Worm in Uncanny X-Men #249 (early-October )
Independent and small press titles
The Crow in Caliber Presents #1 (Caliber Comics, January )
Krang in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures vol. 2, #1 (Archie Comics, March )
Faust in Faust (Rebel Studios)
Friday in 2000 AD #650 (Fleetway, 28 October )
Freeza in Dragon Ball chapter 247
Judge Giant, Jr. in 2000 AD #651 (Fleetway, 4 November )
References
^ Justice League International #24 at the Grand Comics Database
^ https://www.parisdigest.com/paris/parc-asterix.htm
^ Greenberger, Robert; Manning, Matthew K. (2009). The Batman Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the Batcave. Running Press. p. 41. ISBN 0-7624-3663-8.In the pages of Detective Comics, Batman screenwriter Sam Hamm took advantage of that year's ongoing writers' strike to write a three-issue story entitled "Blind Justice", which culminated in that title's 600th issue.
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^ https://www.comicscenter.net/en/about-us/in-short
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/j/judge_malcolm.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/tezuka.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/champin_ken.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/v/veldheer_peter-age.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hays_ethel.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/sekowsky_mike.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/w/wessler_carl.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/smith_william.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/marculeta_e.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/tune_buford.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/browne.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/charlier.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/v/vincent_ro.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/murry_paul.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/p/papp_george.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/conner_dale.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/r/rotgans_hj.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/r/rinaldo_sten.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/beck_cc.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/cruz_jose-g.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bess.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/tagawa_suiho.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/g/gantriis_henning.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/g/gonzalez-fossat_n.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kuhn_charles.htm
^ https://books.google.be/books?id=-R0nCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76&lpg=PT76&dq=karel+van+milleghem+kuifje&source=bl&ots=Df3Yb2DY1J&sig=ACfU3U1vHzv2IwXLcjogTEGMrKhQkOH70A&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO4obJhajgAhXBUlAKHT9pDqUQ6AEwDXoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=karel%20van%20milleghem%20kuifje&f=false
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/v/venev_stoian.htm
^ https://www.lambiek.net/artists/w/wheeler_george.htm
^ Powers, Nancy Chipman. "Batman Would Feel At Home: Collectors To Head For Motor City Comic Con Show," Detroit Free Press (13 May 2007), p. CJ.5.
^ "Brèves,"Les Cahiers de la Bande Dessinée #83 (Dec. 1988). pp. 28-29.
^ ab "Victoria Artist Due at Fair," The Victoria Advocate (June 15, 1989).
^ "Comix Fair has toys for all ages," Houston Chronicle (17 June 1989), p. 1.
^ "Comix Fair ready for Batman fans," Houston Chronicle (16 June 1989), p. 7.
^ "Victorian Due at Fantasy Fair," The Victorian (July 12, 1989), p. 6.
^ abcd Keefer, III, John. "Escape From Reality: The Atlanta Fantasy Fair Had Something For The Kid In Everyone," Sun-Sentinel (July 29, 1989).
^ "Convention Caters to Cartoon Fans," Orlando Sentinel (23 Sep 1989): E2.
^ Watterson, Bill (1989-10-27). What We Expect of the Comics (The Cheapening of the Comics). The 1989 Festival of Cartoon Art. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
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