Saxifragaceae

































Saxifragaceae

Foamflower.jpg
Foamflower

Scientific classification e
Kingdom:
Plantae

Clade:
Angiosperms

Clade:
Eudicots
Order:
Saxifragales
Family:
Saxifragaceae
Juss.
Genera

Many, see text



Saxifragaceae Distribution.svg
The range of Saxifragaceae.

Saxifragaceae is a plant family with about 640 known species in 33 accepted genera.[1]


The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic. They have 4 or 5 petals and 5 or 10 stamens.


Well known species include:



  • Bergenia cordifolia

  • Saxifraga stellaris

  • Saxifraga oppositifolia

  • Saxifraga paniculata


Parnassiaceae have sometimes been treated as part of this family, although they are only distantly genetically related and are now placed in Celastraceae.[2] The family does not include the genus Sassafras, despite the possibly related Latin etymology of the names.




Contents






  • 1 Genera


  • 2 Evolution


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





Genera





  • Astilbe – false goat's-beards

  • Astilboides


  • Bensoniella – Oregon bensoniella

  • Bergenia


  • Bolandra – false coolworts


  • Boykinia – brookfoams


  • Chrysosplenium – golden-saxifrages


  • Conimitella Rydb.


  • Darmera – Indian rhubarb (synonym Peltiphyllum)


  • Elmera Rydb.


  • Hemieva Raf.

  • Heterisia


  • Heuchera – Coral bells

  • Hieronymusia

  • Hirculus

  • Hydatica

  • Jepsonia


  • Leptarrhena R.Br.

  • Leptasea

  • Limnobotrya


  • Lithophragma – woodlandstars


  • Micranthes Haw.


  • Mitella – miterworts


  • Mukdenia – mukdenias

  • Neoboykinia

  • Oreotrys

  • Oresitrophe

  • Ozomelis

  • Pectiantia

  • Peltoboykinia

  • Rodgersia

  • Saniculiphyllum


  • Saxifraga – Saxifrages


  • Saxifragella Engl. (sometimes included in Saxifraga)

  • Saxifragodes


  • Saxifragopsis Small (sometimes included in Saxifraga)

  • Spatularia

  • Steiranisia


  • Suksdorfia Gray


  • Sullivantia Torr. & Gray ex Gray – coolworts

  • Tanakaea


  • Telesonix Raf.


  • Tellima – Fringecups

  • Therofon


  • Tiarella – foamflowers


  • Tolmiea – Piggyback plant




Evolution


Saxifragaceae are found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, with centers of diversity in the Himalayas, East Asia, and Western North America. The greatest diversity is in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.[3]


The family is divided into two main lineages – the saxifragoids, which includes genera Saxifraga and Saxifragella, and the heucheroids, which includes all the other genera. The heucheroids are composed of eight tribes: Darmera (Astilboides, Bergenia, Darmera, Mukdenia, Orestitrope, and Rodgersia), Heuchera (Bensoniella, Conimitella, Elmera, Heuchera, Mitella, Tellima, Tiarella, and Tolmiea), Peltoboykinia (Chrysosplenium and Peltoboykinia), Micranthes (Micranthes), Boykinia (Boykinia, Bolandra, Hieronymusia, Jepsonia, Lithophragma, Sullivantia, Suxdorfia and Telesonix), Saniculphyllum (Saniculphyllum), Leptarrhena (Leptarrhena and Tanakaea), Astilbe (Astilbe and Saxifragopsis), and Cascadia (Cascadia and Saxifragoides).[3]



References





  1. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.


  3. ^ ab Deng, Jia-bin; Drew, Bryan T.; Mavrodiev, Evgeny V.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2015). "Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of the angiosperm family Saxifragaceae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 86–98. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.011. PMID 25479063.




External links








  • Media related to Saxifragaceae at Wikimedia Commons


  • Wikisource "Saxifragaceae" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). 1911.

  • Saxifragaceae in Topwalks











Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Volkswagen Group MQB platform

Image
The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
Read more

刘萌萌

Image
body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 刘萌萌 女演员 罗马拼音 Liu Meng Meng 英文名 Cya 国籍   中国 民族 汉族 出生 ( 1989-10-16 ) 1989年10月16日 （ 29歲）   中国辽宁省大连市 职业 演员、艺人 语言 汉语 教育程度 沈阳音乐学院 北京电影学院表演系进修班 活跃年代 2011年至今 唱片公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 经纪公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 网站 刘萌萌 官方微博 刘萌萌 （1989年10月16日 － ），汉族，中国演员，2010年参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》而出道至今，凭借电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角走红。北京电影学院10级表演系（进修班）毕业。 目录 1 主要经历 2 影视作品 2.1 电视剧 2.2 电影 2.3 综艺节目 3 参考文献 4 外部链接 主要经历 1989年，出生于辽宁省大连市一个工人家庭； 2006年，考入沈阳音乐学院舞蹈系本科班学习； 2010年，参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》演艺新秀比赛而出道 [1] ；進入北京电影学院表演系进修班 2011年，出演电视剧《隋唐演义》“琼花公主”一角色； 2012年，担任电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角并开始走红 [2] ； 2013年，担任电视剧《利箭纵横》《利剑行动》 [3] 女主角“林筱雨” 2014年，参加江苏卫视真人秀栏目《花样年华》 [4] 备受瞩目 [5] 。 影视作品 电视剧 首播年份 剧名 角色 备注 2012 《爱情公寓3》 诺澜 2012 《利箭行动》 林筱雨 2013 《隋唐演义》 琼花公主 2013 《决战燕子门》 马晓婉 2014 《利箭纵横》 林筱雨 2014 《屌丝日记》 林洛霏 網絡劇 2014 《爱情公寓4》 诺澜 ...
Read more