Mixing
Rhaetian
System/ Period |
Series/ Epoch |
Stage/ Age |
Age (Ma) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jurassic |
Lower/ Early |
Hettangian |
younger |
|
Triassic |
Upper/ Late |
Rhaetian |
201.3 |
~208.5 |
Norian |
~208.5 |
~227 |
||
Carnian |
~227 |
~237 |
||
Middle |
Ladinian |
~237 |
~242 |
|
Anisian |
~242 |
247.2 |
||
| Lower/ Early |
Olenekian |
247.2 |
251.2 |
|
Induan |
251.2 |
251.902 |
||
Permian |
Lopingian |
Changhsingian |
older |
|
| Subdivision of the Triassic system according to the ICS, as of 2018.[1] | ||||
- See Raetians for the Alpine people of antiquity. See Raetian language for their language.
The Rhaetian is, in geochronology, the latest age of the Triassic period or in chronostratigraphy the uppermost stage of the Triassic system. It lasted from 208.5 to 201.3 million years ago.[2] It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest age of the Jurassic).[3]
In this age, Pangaea began to break up, though the Atlantic Ocean was not yet formed.
Contents
1 Stratigraphic definitions
2 Palaeontology
2.1 Ichthyosaurs
2.2 Archsauromorphs
2.2.1 Dinosauria
2.3 Mammaliaformes
3 See also
4 References
4.1 Notes
4.2 Literature
5 External links
Stratigraphic definitions
The Rhaetian is named after the Rhaetian Alps, a mountain chain stretching over parts of eastern Switzerland, northern Italy and western Austria. The stage was introduced in scientific literature by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess and German paleontologist Albert Oppel in 1856.
The base of the Rhaetian did not yet have a unanimously agreed upon definition in 2009. In the Tethyan domain, the base of the ammonite biozone of Sagenites reticulatus is used, in the boreal domain (where this species is not found) the base of the biozone of Cochloceras amoenum is used instead. The base is also close to the first appearances of conodont species Misikella spp. and Epigondolella mosheri and radiolarite species Proparvicingula moniliformis.
The top of the Rhaetian (the base of the Hettangian stage, the Lower Jurassic series and the Jurassic system) is at the first appearance of ammonite genus Psiloceras.
In the Tethyan domain, the Rhaetian contains two ammonite biozones. The highest ammonite biozone is that of Choristoceras marshi, the lower one that of Rhabdoceras suesii. The end of this period is marked by the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event .
Palaeontology
Ichthyosaurs
Ichthyosaurs of the Rhaetian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa |
Presence |
Location |
Description |
Images |
|
Europe |
|||
Archsauromorphs
Dinosauria
Dinosaurs of the Rhaetian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa |
Presence |
Location |
Description |
Images |
|
 Pantydraco |
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
Norian/Rhaetian |
|||
Mammaliaformes
Mammaliaformes of the Rhaetian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa |
Presence |
Location |
Description |
Images |
|
 Megazostrodon |
|||
|
||||
|
||||
See also
- Triassic-Jurassic extinction event
References
Notes
^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Brack et al. give 207 to 201 million years ago
^ See Gradstein et al. (2004)
Literature
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Brack, P.; Rieber, H.; Nicora, A. & Mundil, R.; 2005: The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale, Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244.
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
External links
- GeoWhen Database - Rhaetian
Upper Triassic timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS- Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy: Stratigraphic charts for the Triassic, [1] and [2]
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