影壁




影壁，也称照壁，古称萧墙，是中国、朝鮮半島、越南、琉球传统建筑中用于遮挡视线的墙壁。屏风的作用与影壁相似，琉球語裡直接把影壁稱為屏風（屏風、ヒンプン）。


影壁可位于大门内，也可位于大门外，前者称为内影壁，后者称为外影壁。形状有一字形、八字形等，通常是由砖砌成，由座，身，顶三部分组成，座有须弥座。墙身的中心区域称为影壁心，中國和越南的影壁的壁心通常由45度角斜放的方砖贴砌而成，简单一点的影壁可能没有什么装饰，但也必须磨砖对缝非常整齐，豪华的影壁通常装饰有很多吉祥图样的砖雕。影壁墙上的砖雕主要有中心区域的中央和四角，在与屋顶相交的地方也有混枭和连珠。中心方砖上面一边雕刻有中心花、岔角在影壁墙的中央还镶嵌有福寿字的砖匾或者是带有吉祥一味的
砖雕。有些較為簡單的影壁未必有齊三部份，有些沒有基座，也有無頂的，最簡單的只有牆身，有些牆身也沒有外緣和壁心的分界，例如琉球建築有些影壁則只是簡單的石砌牆。


著名的影壁有故宫的九龙壁、中南海新华门内的为人民服务影壁等。






  • 北海九龙壁







  • 外影壁







  • 撇子影壁







  • 内影壁







  • 内影壁（须弥座）







  • 内影壁（屋顶形式）







  • 影壁正中精美的砖雕







  • 越南安陵前的影壁







  • 琉球高良家住宅的影壁







  • 琉球渡名喜村一間傳統住宅的影壁






外部链接






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：影壁

  • 四合院的影壁



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