封疆大臣




封疆大臣，又称“封疆大吏”，指中国明、清时期执掌地方（一省或数省）最高军政权力的官员，系朝廷的要员。明代一般称都指挥使、按察使以及布政使为“封疆”[1]，而延至清代，除了通常所指的总督和各省巡抚外，旗兵的最高地方长官--将军，也被称为“封疆大臣”。因为这些官员均为皇帝亲自任命，且权力极大，类似古代由君主分封疆土的诸侯，故因此而得名。



清朝總督


清朝最高級的九位總督包括直隸總督、两江總督、四川总督、閩浙總督、雲貴總督、湖廣總督、兩廣總督、東三省總督和陕甘总督。



参考文献





  1. ^ 《明史.兵志二》：“当是时，都指挥使与布、按并称三司，为封疆大吏。”


















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