Paris green

For the Boardwalk Empire episode, see Paris Green (Boardwalk Empire).

Paris green

Names
Other names C.I. pigment green 21, emerald green, Schweinfurt green, imperial green, Vienna green, Mitis green, Veronese green[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	12002-03-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard	100.125.242
PubChem CID	22833492
UN number	1585
InChI InChI=1S/2C2H4O2.6AsHO2.4Cu/c2*1-2(3)4;6*2-1-3;;;;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);6*(H,2,3);;;;/q;;;;;;;;4*+2/p-8 Key: HTSABAUNNZLCMN-UHFFFAOYSA-F
SMILES CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O.[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]
Properties
Chemical formula	Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2
Molar mass	1013.79444 g/mol
Appearance	Emerald green crystalline powder
Density	>1.1 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point	> 345 °C (653 °F; 618 K)
Boiling point	decomposes
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	soluble but unstable in acids insoluble in alcohol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	CAMEO MSDS
EU classification (DSD) (outdated)	T N
R-phrases (outdated)	R23/25 R50/53
S-phrases (outdated)	(S1/2) S20/21 S28 S45 S60 S61
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	22 mg/kg
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	[1910.1018] TWA 0.010 mg/m3[2]
REL (Recommended)	Ca C 0.002 mg/m3 [15-minute][2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [5 mg/m3 (as As)][2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Paris green
Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#50C878
sRGBB  (r, g, b)	(80, 200, 120)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)	(60, 0, 40, 22)
HSV       (h, s, v)	(140°, 60%, 78%)
Source	[Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Paris green (copper(II) acetate triarsenite or copper(II) acetoarsenite) is an inorganic compound. It is a highly toxic emerald-green crystalline powder^[3] that has been used as a rodenticide and insecticide,^[4] and also as a pigment, despite its toxicity. It is also used as a blue colorant for fireworks.^[5] The color of Paris green is said to range from a pale blue green when very finely ground, to a deeper green when coarsely ground.

Contents

• 
  1 Preparation
  


• 
  2 Uses
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 Insecticide
    
  
  
  • 
    2.2 Pigment
    
    
    
    • 
      2.2.1 Related pigments
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  3 See also
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 Further reading
  


• 
  6 External links
  

Preparation

Paris green may be prepared by combining copper(II) acetate and arsenic trioxide.^[6]

Uses

Insecticide

At the turn of the 20th century, Paris green, blended with lead arsenate, was used in America and elsewhere as an insecticide on produce such as apples. The toxic mixture is said "to have burned the trees and the grass around the trees". Paris green was heavily sprayed by airplane in Italy, Sardinia, and Corsica during 1944 and in Italy in 1945 to control malaria.^[7] It was once used to kill rats in Parisian sewers, which is how it acquired its common name.^[8] It was also used heavily in the Americas to control the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens.^[9]

Pigment

Paris green, also called emerald green, was a popular pigment used in artists' paints by (among others) the English painter W. Turner, Impressionists such as Monet and Renoir, and Post-Impressionists such as Gauguin, Cézanne, and Van Gogh.^[10]

Related pigments

Similar natural compounds are the minerals chalcophyllite Cu
₁₈Al
₂(AsO
₄)
₃(SO
₄)
₃(OH)
₂₇·36H
₂O, conichalcite CaCu(AsO
₄)(OH), cornubite Cu
₅(AsO
₄)
₂(OH)
₄·H
₂O, cornwallite Cu
₅(AsO
₄)
₂(OH)
₄·H
₂O, and liroconite Cu
₂Al(AsO
₄)(OH)
₄·4H
₂O. These vivid minerals range from greenish blue to slightly yellowish green.

Scheele's green is a chemically simpler, less brilliant, and less permanent, synthetic copper-arsenic pigment used for a rather short time before Paris green was first prepared, which was approximately 1814. It was popular as a wallpaper pigment and would degrade, with moisture and molds, to arsine gas. Paris green may have also been used in wallpaper to some extent and may have also degraded similarly. Both pigments were once used in printing ink formulations.

The ancient Romans used one of them, possibly conichalcite, as a green pigment. The Paris green paint used by the Impressionists is said to have been composed of relatively coarse particles. Later, the chemical was produced with increasingly small grinds and without carefully removing impurities; its permanence suffered. It is likely that it was ground more finely for use in watercolors and inks, too.

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Illustrations of Paris green

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Paris green pigment
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Mixing "Paris green" and road dust preparatory to dusting streams and breeding places of mosquitoes during World War II
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Use as insecticide, poster issued by US Public Health Service
  

  
  

  
  

See also

• List of colors


• List of inorganic pigments

References

1. 
   ^ "Health & Safety in the Arts -- Painting & Drawing Pigments". Environmental Management Division, City of Tucson AZ. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-02-07..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ ^abc "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0038". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
   


3. 
   ^ "Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet" (PDF). NJ Dept. of Health and Senior Services. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
   


4. 
   ^ "Dangers in the Manufacture of Paris Green and Scheele's Green". Monthly Review of the U.s. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 5 (2): 78–83. 1917. JSTOR 41829377.
   


5. 
   ^ "How to Use Copper in Pyro Star Compositions to Create Blue Fireworks Stars". Skylighter. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
   


6. 
   ^ "H.Wayne Richardson, "Copper Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_567
   


7. 
   ^ Justin M. Andrews, Sc. D. (1963). "Preventive Medicine in World War II, Chapter V. North Africa, Italy, and the Islands of the Mediterranean". Washington, D.C. USA: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army. p. 281. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
   


8. 
   ^ The Natural Paint Book, by Lynn Edwards, Julia Lawless, Table of contents
   


9. 
   ^ Blanco, Carlos (2012). "Heliothis virescens and Bt cotton in the United States". GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain. 3: 201–212.
   


10. 
    ^ Emerald green, Colourlex
    

Further reading

• Fiedler, I. and Bayard, M. A., "Emerald Green and Scheele’s Green", in Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 3: E.W. Fitzhugh (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1997, pp. 219–271


• 
  Hughes, Michael F.; et. al. (2011). "Arsenic Exposure and Toxicology: A Historical Perspective". Toxicological Sciences. 123 (2): 305–332.
  


• 
  Sorensen, W. Conner (1995). Brethren of the Net, American Entomology, 1840-1880. University of Alabama Press. pp. 124–125.
  


• Spear, Robert J., The Great Gypsy Moth War, A History of the First Campaign in Massachusetts to Eradicate the Gypsy Moth, 1890-1901. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Boston, 2005.
  ISBN 1-55849-479-0
  

External links

• Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Arsenic Toxicity


• How Emerald green is made


• National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet


• Emerald green, Colourlex

v t e Acetyl halides and salts of the acetate ion
AcOH																	He
LiOAc	Be(OAc)2 BeAcOH											B(OAc)3	AcOAc ROAc	NH4OAc	AcOOH	FAc	Ne
NaOAc	Mg(OAc)2											Al(OAc)3 ALSOL Al(OAc)2OH Al2SO4(OAc)4	Si	P	S	ClAc	Ar
KOAc	Ca(OAc)2	Sc(OAc)3	Ti(OAc)4	VO(OAc)3	Cr(OAc)2 Cr(OAc)3	Mn(OAc)2 Mn(OAc)3	Fe(OAc)2 Fe(OAc)3	Co(OAc)2, Co(OAc)3	Ni(OAc)2	Cu(OAc)2	Zn(OAc)2	Ga(OAc)3	Ge	As(OAc)3	Se	BrAc	Kr
RbOAc	Sr(OAc)2	Y(OAc)3	Zr(OAc)4	Nb	Mo(OAc)2	Tc	Ru(OAc)2 Ru(OAc)3 Ru(OAc)4	Rh2(OAc)4	Pd(OAc)2	AgOAc	Cd(OAc)2	In	Sn(OAc)2 Sn(OAc)4	Sb(OAc)3	Te	IAc	Xe
CsOAc	Ba(OAc)2		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt(OAc)2	Au	Hg2(OAc)2, Hg(OAc)2	TlOAc Tl(OAc)3	Pb(OAc)2 Pb(OAc)4	Bi(OAc)3	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Nh	Fl	Mc	Lv	Ts	Og
		↓
		La(OAc)3	Ce(OAc)x	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm(OAc)3	Eu(OAc)3	Gd(OAc)3	Tb	Dy(OAc)3	Ho(OAc)3	Er	Tm	Yb(OAc)3	Lu(OAc)3
		Ac	Th	Pa	UO2(OAc)2	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

v t e Shades of green
Apple green Aquamarine Asparagus Avocado Bright green British racing green Brunswick green Cal Poly green Castleton green Celadon                     Chartreuse Cyan Midnight green Dark green Dark moss green Dark pastel green Dark spring green Dartmouth green Emerald Erin                     Feldgrau Fern green Forest green Green Green-yellow Harlequin Hooker's green Honeydew Hunter green India green                     Islamic green Jade green Jungle green Kelly green Lawn green Light green Lime Lime green Mantis Malachite                     Mindaro Mint Moss green Myrtle green Neon green Office green Olive Olivine Paris green Pear                     Persian green Phthalo green Pigment green Pine green Pistachio Reseda green Robin egg blue Screamin' green Sea green SGBUS green                     Shamrock green Spring bud Spring green Tea Green Teal Turquoise Viridian Yellow-green
A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.

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