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2020 United States presidential election
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 2020 U.S. presidential election |
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The 2020 United States presidential election, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.
President Donald Trump of the Republican Party, who was elected in 2016, is seeking reelection to a second term. The winner of the 2020 presidential election is scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2021.
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Procedure
1.2 Demographic trends
1.3 Simultaneous elections
2 General election polling
3 Nominations
3.1 Republican Party
3.1.1 Declared candidates
3.1.2 Individuals with scheduled campaign announcements
3.1.3 Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
3.1.4 Convention site
3.1.5 Endorsements
3.2 Democratic Party
3.2.1 Declared major candidates and exploratory committees
3.2.2 Withdrawn major candidates
3.2.3 Other declared candidates
3.2.4 Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
3.2.5 Potential convention sites
3.2.6 Endorsements
3.3 Libertarian Party
3.3.1 Declared candidates
3.3.2 Withdrawn candidates
3.3.3 Publicly expressed interest
3.3.4 Convention site
3.4 Green Party
3.4.1 Declared major candidates and exploratory committees
3.4.2 Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
3.5 Independent or unaffiliated
3.5.1 Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
4 Party conventions
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Background
Procedure
Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as President of the United States the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old and a United States resident for at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party develops a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The nominee then personally chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's presidential ticket (with the exception of the Libertarian Party, which nominates its vice presidential candidate by delegate vote regardless of the nominee's preference). The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the President and Vice President.[1]
In August 2018, the Democratic National Committee voted to disallow superdelegates from voting on the first ballot of the nominating process, beginning with the 2020 election. This would require a candidate to win a majority of pledged delegates from the assorted primary elections in order to win the party's nomination. The last time this did not occur was the nomination of Adlai Stevenson II at the 1952 Democratic National Convention.[2]
The Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution states that an individual can not be elected to the presidency more than twice. This prohibits former Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama from being elected president again. Former president Jimmy Carter (a nonagenarian), having served a single term as president, is not constitutionally prohibited from being elected to another term in the 2020 election.
Demographic trends
The age group of what will then be people in the 18- to 45-year-old bracket is expected to represent just under 40 percent of the United States' eligible voters in 2020. It is expected that more than 30 percent of eligible American voters will be nonwhite.[3]
A bipartisan report indicates that changes in voter demographics since the 2016 election could impact the results of the 2020 election. African Americans, Hispanics, Asians and other ethnic minorities, as well as "whites with a college degree" are expected to all increase their percentage of national eligible voters by 2020, while "whites without a college degree" will decrease. This shift is potentially an advantage for the Democratic nominee, however due to geographical differences, this could still lead to President Trump (or a different Republican nominee) winning the Electoral College while still losing the popular vote, possibly by an even larger margin than in 2016.[4]
Additionally, Washington, D.C. may lower its voting age from 18 to 16. Legislation was introduced by City Councilman Charles Allen in April 2018, with a public hearing in June, and a vote by the end of the year. Unlike other cities with a voting age of 16 such as Berkeley, California, this would allow 16 and 17-year-olds to vote for President of the United States for the first time in 2020. Allen said that he was inspired by the high school students that participated in the March for Our Lives, which occurred at the capital in March.[5]
Simultaneous elections
The presidential election will occur at the same time as elections to the Senate and the House of Representatives. Several states will also hold state gubernatorial and state legislative elections. Following the election, the United States House will redistribute the seats among the 50 states based on the results of the 2020 United States Census, and the states will conduct a redistricting of Congressional and state legislative districts. In most states, the governor and the state legislature conduct the redistricting (although some states have redistricting commissions), and often a party that wins a presidential election experiences a coattail effect that also helps other candidates of that party win elections.[6] Therefore, the party that wins the 2020 presidential election could also win a significant advantage in the drawing of new Congressional and state legislative districts that would stay in effect until the 2032 elections.[7]
General election polling
Nominations
Republican Party
Donald Trump is eligible to run for reelection and has clearly signaled his intentions to do so.[8]His reelection campaign has been ongoing since his victory in 2016, leading pundits to describe his tactic of holding rallies continuously throughout his presidency as a "never-ending campaign".[9] On January 20, 2017, at 5:11 p.m., he submitted a letter as a substitute of FEC Form 2, by which he reached the legal threshold for filing, in compliance with the Federal Election Campaign Act.[10]
Beginning in August 2017, reports arose that members of the Republican Party were preparing a "shadow campaign" against Trump, particularly from the moderate or establishment wings of the party. Now late Arizona Senator John McCain said that "[Republicans] see weakness in this president."[11]Maine Senator Susan Collins, Kentucky Senator Rand Paul, and former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie all expressed doubts in 2017 that Trump will be the 2020 nominee, with Collins stating "it's too difficult to say."[12][13] Senator Jeff Flake claimed in 2017 that Trump is "inviting" a primary challenger by the way he is governing.[14] Longtime political strategist Roger Stone, however, predicted in May 2018 that Trump may not seek a second term if he succeeds in keeping all of his campaign promises and "makes America great again".[15]
On January 25, 2019, the Republican National Committee unofficially endorsed Trump, and began coordinating with the campaign organization.
Declared candidates
| Name |
Born |
Experience |
State |
Announced |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Donald Trump |
June 14, 1946 (age 7004265320000000000♠72) Queens, New York |
President of the United States (2017–present) |
 New York |
February 17, 2017  (Campaign • Website) FEC filing |
[16] |
Individuals with scheduled campaign announcements
Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.
Bob Corker, U.S. Senator from Tennessee 2007–2019; Mayor of Chattanooga 2001–2005[17][18]
Larry Hogan, Governor of Maryland since 2015[19][20]
John Kasich, Governor of Ohio 2011–2019; U.S. Representative 1983–2001; candidate for President in 2000 and in 2016[21][22]
Bill Weld,[a]Governor of Massachusetts 1991–1997, 2016 Libertarian vice presidential nominee (announcement pending February 15, 2019)[23][24][25]
Former Senator
Bob Corker
from Tennessee
Governor
Larry Hogan
of Maryland
Former Governor
John Kasich
of Ohio
Former Governor
Bill Weld[a]
of Massachusetts
Convention site
On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention.[26] The convention will be held from August 24 until August 27, 2020.[27]
Endorsements
- Donald Trump
Democratic Party
After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, the Democratic Party was seen largely as leaderless[28] and fractured between the centrist Clinton wing and the more progressive Sanders wing of the party, echoing the rift brought up in the 2016 primary election.[29][30]
This divide between the establishment and progressive wings of the party has been reflected in several elections leading up to the 2020 primaries, most notably in 2017 with the election for DNC Chair between Tom Perez and Sanders-backed progressive Keith Ellison:[31] Perez was elected Chairman, but Ellison was appointed as the Deputy Chair, a largely ceremonial role. In 2018, several U.S. House districts that Democrats hope to gain from the Republican majority had contentious primary elections. These clashes were described by Politico's Elena Schneider as a "Democratic civil war".[32] Meanwhile, there has been a general shift to the left in regards to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration among Democrats in the Senate, likely to build up credentials for the upcoming primary election.[33][34]
Perez has commented that the 2020 primary field will likely go into double-digits, rivaling the size of the 2016 GOP primary, which consisted of 17 major candidates.[35] In the wake of the Me Too movement, several female candidates are expected to enter the race, increasing the likelihood of the Democrats nominating a woman for the second time in a row.[36] Speculation also mounted that Democrats' best bet to defeat President Trump would be to nominate their own celebrity or businessperson with no government experience, most notably Oprah Winfrey after her memorable speech at the 75th Golden Globe Awards.[37]
The topic of age has been brought up among the most likely front-runners: former Vice President Joe Biden, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, who will be 78, 71, and 79 respectively on inauguration day. Former Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (who will be age 81 on inauguration day) described the trio as "an old folks' home", expressing a need for fresh faces to step up and lead the party.[38]
Declared major candidates and exploratory committees
In addition to having announced that they are running for president in 2020 or having formed exploratory committees for the 2020 presidential election, the candidates in this section have held public office or have been included in a minimum of five independent national polls.
Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared candidacy
| Name |
Born |
Experience |
State |
Campaign Announcement date |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Cory Booker |
April 27, 1969 (age 7004181790000000000♠49) Washington, D.C. |
U.S. Senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark (2006–2013) |
 New Jersey |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: February 1, 2019 |
[39] |
 Pete Buttigieg |
January 19, 1982 (age 7004135290000000000♠37) South Bend, Indiana |
Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–present) |
 Indiana |
 (Campaign • Website) Formed exploratory committee: January 23, 2019 |
[40] |
 Julian Castro |
September 16, 1974 (age 7004162110000000000♠44) San Antonio, Texas |
U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014) |
 Texas |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: January 12, 2019 FEC filing |
[41] |
 John Delaney |
April 16, 1963 (age 7004203820000000000♠55) Wood-Ridge, New Jersey |
U.S. Representative from MD-06 (2013–2019) |
 Maryland |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: July 28, 2017 FEC filing |
[42] |
 Tulsi Gabbard |
April 12, 1981 (age 7004138220000000000♠37) Leloaloa, American Samoa |
U.S. Representative from HI-02 (2013–present) |
 Hawaii |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: January 11, 2019 FEC filing |
[43][44] |
 Kirsten Gillibrand |
December 9, 1966 (age 7004190490000000000♠52) Albany, New York |
U.S. Senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. Representative from NY-20 (2007–2009) |
New York |
 (Campaign • Website) Formed exploratory committee: January 15, 2019 FEC filing |
[45] |
 Kamala Harris |
October 20, 1964 (age 7004198290000000000♠54) Oakland, California |
U.S. Senator from California (2017–present) |
 California |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: January 21, 2019 FEC filing |
[46] |
 Elizabeth Warren |
June 22, 1949 (age 7004254280000000000♠69) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (2013–present) |
 Massachusetts |
 (Campaign • Website) Formed exploratory committee: December 31, 2018 Announcement pending February 9, 2019 FEC filing |
[47] |
Withdrawn major candidates
The candidates in this section have withdrawn or suspended their campaigns.
| Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Campaign | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Richard Ojeda |
September 25, 1970 (aged 48) Rochester, Minnesota |
West Virginia State Senator (2016–2019) |
 West Virginia |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: November 11, 2018 Suspended campaign: January 25, 2019 |
[48][49] |
Other declared candidates
As of February 2019, 169 individuals have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for President in the Democratic Party primary,[50] including the following notable candidates:
| Name |
Born |
Experience |
State |
Campaign Announcement date |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Michael E. Arth |
April 27, 1953 (age 7004240230000000000♠65) RAF Burtonwood, England |
Artist, builder, architectural designer, and political scientist Independent candidate for Governor of Florida in 2010 |
 Florida |
 (Website) Announced campaign: November 4, 2018 FEC filing |
- |
 Harry Braun |
November 6, 1948 (age 7004256560000000000♠70) Compton, California |
Renewable energy consultant and researcher Candidate for U.S. Representative from GA-11 in 2018 Candidate for President in 2012 and 2016 Independent candidate for President in 2004 Nominee for U.S. Representative from AZ-01 in 1984 and 1986 |
 Georgia |
(Website) Announced campaign: December 7, 2017 FEC filing |
[52] |
 Ken Nwadike Jr. |
December 29, 1981 (age 7004135500000000000♠37) San Diego, California |
Documentary filmmaker, motivational speaker, and peace activist |
California |
 (Website) Announced campaign: October 18, 2017 FEC filing |
[53] |
 Robby Wells |
April 10, 1968 (age 7004185610000000000♠50) Bartow, Georgia |
Former college football coach Independent candidate for President in 2016 Constitution candidate for President in 2012 |
Georgia |
(Website) Announced campaign: May 12, 2018 FEC filing |
[54] |
 Marianne Williamson |
July 8, 1952 (age 7004243160000000000♠66) Houston, Texas |
Spiritual teacher, author, lecturer, entrepreneur, and activist Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from CA-33 in 2014 |
California |
 (Website) Announced campaign: January 28, 2019 |
[55][56] |
 Andrew Yang |
January 13, 1975 (age 7004160920000000000♠44) Schenectady, New York |
Entrepreneur and founder of Venture for America |
New York |
 (Campaign • Website) Announced campaign: November 6, 2017 FEC filing |
[57] |
Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months. Some already have leadership PACs that function as campaign committees.[58]
Michael Bennet, U.S. Senator from Colorado since 2009[59][60][61][62]
Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States 2009–2017; U.S. Senator from Delaware 1973–2009; candidate for President in 1988 and in 2008[63][64]
Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City 2002–2013[65][66][67][68]
Sherrod Brown, U.S. Senator from Ohio since 2007; U.S. Representative 1993–2007[69][70][71][72][73]
John Hickenlooper, Governor of Colorado 2011–2019; Mayor of Denver 2003–2011[74][75]
Eric Holder, U.S. Attorney General 2009–2015; Acting U.S. Attorney General in 2001 from Washington, D.C.[76][77][needs update]
Jay Inslee, Governor of Washington since 2013; U.S. Representative 1993–1995 and 1999–2012[78]
Amy Klobuchar, U.S. Senator from Minnesota since 2007[79][80]
Terry McAuliffe, Governor of Virginia 2014–2018[81][82][83][84]
Jeff Merkley, U.S. Senator from Oregon since 2009[85][86]
Beto O'Rourke, U.S. Representative from Texas 2013–2019, Democratic nominee for United States Senate election in Texas in 2018[87][88][89][90]
Tim Ryan, U.S. Representative from Ohio since 2003[91][needs update]
Bernie Sanders,[b]U.S. Senator from Vermont since 2007; U.S. Representative 1991–2007; candidate for President in 2016[92][93][94][95]
Eric Swalwell, U.S. Representative from California since 2013[96][97]
U.S. Senator
Michael Bennet
from Colorado
Former Vice President
Joe Biden
from Delaware
Former Mayor
Michael Bloomberg
from New York
U.S. Senator
Sherrod Brown
from Ohio
Former Governor
John Hickenlooper
of Colorado
Former U.S. Attorney General
Eric Holder
from Washington, D.C.
Governor
Jay Inslee
of Washington
U.S. Senator
Amy Klobuchar
from Minnesota
Former Governor
Terry McAuliffe
of Virginia
U.S. Senator
Jeff Merkley
from Oregon
Former U.S. Representative
Beto O'Rourke
from Texas
U.S. Representative
Tim Ryan
from Ohio
U.S. Senator
Bernie Sanders[b]
from Vermont
U.S. Representative
Eric Swalwell
from California
Potential convention sites
Bids for the National Convention were solicited in the fall of 2017, with finalists being announced in June 2018. The winning bid was supposed to be revealed in the summer of 2018. The convention is scheduled to be held from July 13 to 16, 2020.[98]
Houston, Texas[99]
Miami Beach, Florida[99]
Milwaukee, Wisconsin[100]
Endorsements
| Cory Booker |
|---|
|
| Julian Castro |
|---|
|
| John Delaney |
|---|
|
| Tulsi Gabbard |
|---|
|
| Kamala Harris |
|---|
|
| Andrew Yang |
|---|
|
| Richard Ojeda (withdrawn) |
|---|
|
Libertarian Party
Declared candidates
These candidates have established campaign websites.
| Name |
Born |
Current or previous positions |
State |
Announced |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Adam Kokesh |
February 1, 1982 (age 7004135160000000000♠37) San Francisco, California |
Libertarian and anti-war political activist Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2018 Candidate for U.S. Representative from New Mexico in 2010 |
 Arizona |
July 18, 2013 (Website) FEC Filing |
[138] |
 John McAfee |
September 18, 1945 (age 7004268010000000000♠73) Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England |
Founder and CEO of McAfee, Inc. 1987–1994 Candidate for President in 2016 |
 Tennessee |
June 3, 2018 (Campaign•Website) |
[139] |
 Vermin Supreme |
June 1961 (age 57) Rockport, Massachusetts |
Performance artist and activist Candidate for President in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 Candidate for Mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1989 Candidate for Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland in 1987 |
 Kansas |
May 28, 2018 (Website) |
[140] |
 Arvin Vohra |
May 9, 1979 (age 7004145150000000000♠39) Silver Spring, Maryland |
Vice Chair of the LNC 2014–2018 Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 2018 Libertarian nominee for U.S. Representative in 2012 and 2014 Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2016 |
Maryland |
July 3, 2018 (Website) |
[141] |
Withdrawn candidates
| Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Campaign | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Zoltan Istvan |
March 30, 1973 (aged 45) Los Angeles, California |
Transhumanist activist and futurist Transhumanist nominee for President in 2016 Candidate for Governor of California in 2018 |
California |
Announced campaign: November 25, 2017 Suspended campaign: January 11, 2019 |
[142][143] |
Publicly expressed interest
Justin Amash,[note 1] U.S. Representative from Michigan since 2011[144][145]
Bill Weld, Governor of Massachusetts 1991–1997 and nominee for Vice President of the United States in 2016[145][146]
U.S. Representative Justin Amash[note 1]
from Michigan
Former Governor
Bill Weld
of Massachusetts
Convention site
On December 10, 2017, the Libertarian National Committee chose Austin, Texas as the site of their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between May 22–25, 2020.[147][148]
Green Party
Formed exploratory committee but has not officially declared their candidacy
Declared major candidates and exploratory committees
| Name |
Born |
Current or previous positions |
State |
Announced |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Dario Hunter |
1983 (age 36) New Jersey |
Youngstown Board of Education (2016–present) |
 Ohio |
 (Website) Formed exploratory committee: January 21, 2019 |
[149] |
Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.
Howie Hawkins, Green Nominee for Governor of New York in 2010, 2014, and 2018; Co-Founder of the Green Party of the United States[150]
Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003; Mayor of Brooklyn Park 1991–1995[151][152]
Green Party Co-Founder
Howie Hawkins
of New York
Former Governor
Jesse Ventura
of Minnesota
Independent or unaffiliated
Individuals who have publicly expressed interest
Individuals in this section have expressed an interest in running for president within the last six months.
Akon, singer, songwriter, businessman, record producer, and actor from New Jersey[153][154]
Mark Cuban, businessman and investor from Texas[155]
Howard Schultz, former CEO of Starbucks from Washington[156][157][158]
Akon
from New Jersey
Mark Cuban
from Texas
Howard Schultz
from Washington
Party conventions
The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled from July 13–16 at a city to be announced,[98] while the 2020 Republican National Convention is planned to be held in Charlotte, North Carolina from August 24–27.[159] This will be the first time since 2004 that the two major party conventions will be held at least one month apart with the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in between[160] (in 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were held in back-to-back weeks following the Summer Olympics, while in 2016 both were held before the Rio Games).
See also
- 2020 United States gubernatorial elections
- 2020 United States Senate elections
- 2020 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
^ ab This individual is not a member of the Republican Party, but has been the subject of speculation or expressed interest in running under this party.
^ ab This individual is not a member of the Democratic Party, but has been the subject of speculation or expressed interest in running under this party.
^ ab This individual is not a Libertarian Party member, but has been the subject of speculation and/or expressed interest in running under this party.
References
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