對質量大到足以點燃碳融合的主序星(大約8倍太陽質量)[7], p. 189,在許多地方都必須修改演化圖。在離開主序代之後,恆星的亮度不會增加太多,但是顏色會變得更紅。它們可成為紅超巨星,或是因為質量流失也可能使它們成為藍超巨星[10], pp. 33–35; [2]最後,它們將成為以氧和氖為主的白矮星,或是它會經歷核塌縮超新星形成中子星或是黑洞[7], § 7.4.4–7.8.。
例子
知名的巨星有各種不同的顏色:
天社一(船帆座γ星):藍色的巨星(O型)。
昴宿六(金牛座η星):藍白色的巨星[11](B型);昴宿星團中最亮的恆星[12]。
右樞(天龍座α星):白色的巨星[13](A型)。
南極(南極座σ星):黃白色的巨星[14](F型);被視為南極星。
五車二(御夫座α星):黃色的巨星[15](G型)。
北河三(雙子座β星):橘色的巨星[16](K型)。
米拉(鯨魚座ο):紅色的巨星[17](M型)。
相關條目
主序星
紅巨星
藍巨星
亮巨星
超巨星
特超巨星
參考資料
^Giant star, entry in Astronomy Encyclopedia, ed. Patrick Moore, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-521833-7.
^ 2.02.1supergiant, entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 15, 2007.
^hypergiant, entry in The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight, David Darling, on line, accessed May 15, 2007.
^Giant star, entry in Cambridge Dictionary of Astronomy, Jacqueline Mitton, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-80045-5.
^ 5.05.1giant, entry in The Facts on File Dictionary of Astronomy, ed. John Daintith and William Gould, New York: Facts On File, Inc., 5th ed., 2006. ISBN 0-8160-5998-5.
^The End of the Main Sequence, Gregory Laughlin, Peter Bodenheimer, and Fred C. Adams, The Astrophysical Journal, 482(June 10, 1997),pp. 420–432. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...482..420L. doi:10.1086/304125.
^ 7.07.17.27.37.47.57.6Evolution of Stars and Stellar Populations, Maurizio Salaris and Santi Cassisi, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005. ISBN 0-470-09219-X.
^Structure and Evolution of White Dwarfs, S. O. Kepler and P. A. Bradley, Baltic Astronomy4, pp. 166–220.
^Giants and Post-Giants 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2011-07-20., class notes, Robin Ciardullo, Astronomy 534, Penn State University.
^Blowing Bubbles in the Cosmos: Astronomical Winds, Jets, and Explosions, T. W. Hartquist, J. E. Dyson, and D. P. Ruffle, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-19-513054-5.
^Alcyone, entry in SIMBAD, accessed May 16, 2007.
^Alcyone 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2010-07-07. at Jim Kaler's STARS, accessed on line May 16, 2007.
^Thuban, entry in SIMBAD, accessed May 16, 2007.
^Sigma Octantis, entry in SIMBAD, accessed May 16, 2007.
^α Aurigae Aa, entry in SIMBAD, accessed May 16, 2007.
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