Nayarit

State of Mexico

State in Tepic, Mexico

Nayarit
State
Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit
Flag Seal
State of Nayarit within Mexico
Coordinates: 21°45′N 105°14′W / 21.750°N 105.233°W / 21.750; -105.233Coordinates: 21°45′N 105°14′W / 21.750°N 105.233°W / 21.750; -105.233
Country	Mexico
Capital	Tepic
Largest City	Tepic
Municipalities	20
Admission	January 26, 1917[1]
Order	28th
Government
• Governor	Antonio Echevarría García
• Senators[2]	Raúl Mejía González  Magaly Ramírez  Francisco J. Castellón
• Deputies[3]	Federal Deputies •  Humberto Cota Jiménez •  María Domínguez Arvizu •  María Parra Becerra •  Ivideliza Reyes •  Florentina Ocegueda • Cora Pinedo Alonso
Area [4]
• Total	27,857 km2 (10,756 sq mi)
	Ranked 23rd
Highest elevation [5]	2,760 m (9,060 ft)
Population (2015)[6]
• Total	1,181,050
• Rank	29th
• Density	42/km2 (110/sq mi)
• Density rank	23rd
Demonym(s)	Nayarita
Time zones	UTC−7 (MST)
	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−6 (MDT)
	UTC-5 (CDT)
Postal code	63
Area code	Area codes • 311 • 319 • 322 • 323 • 324 • 325 • 327 • 329 • 389
ISO 3166 code	MX-NAY
HDI	0.749 (high) Ranked 15th
GDP	US$ 4,281.52 mil[a]
Website	Official website
^ a. The state's GDP was 53,167,305 thousand pesos in 2008,[7] an amount corresponding to US$4.281 billion (a dollar worth 12.80 pesos as of June 3, 2010).[8]

Nayarit (Spanish pronunciation: [naʝaˈɾit]), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit), is one of the 31 states which, together with the Mexico City, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided in 20 municipalities and its capital city is Tepic.

It is bordered by the states of Sinaloa to the northwest, Durango to the north, Zacatecas to the northeast and Jalisco to the south. To the west, Nayarit has a significant share of coastline on the Pacific Ocean, including the islands of Marías and Marietas. The beaches of San Blas and the so-called "Riviera Nayarit" are popular with tourists.
Besides tourism, the economy of the state is based mainly on agriculture and fishing.

Home to Uto-Aztecan indigenous peoples such as the Huichol and Cora, the region was exposed to the conquistadores, Hernán Cortés and Nuño de Guzmán, in the 16th century. Spanish governance was made difficult by indigenous rebellions and by the inhospitable terrain of the Sierra del Nayar. The last independent Cora communities were subjugated in 1722.
The state's name recalls the Cora people's label for themselves: Náayerite, commemorating Nayar, a resistance leader.^[9]

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Geography
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 Municipalities
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  3 Environment
  
  
  
  • 
    3.1 Flora and fauna
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  4 Education
  


• 
  5 Demographics
  
  
  
  • 
    5.1 Indigenous groups
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  6 Economy
  


• 
  7 See also
  


• 
  8 References
  


• 
  9 Further reading
  


• 
  10 External links
  

History

Map of Nayarit before the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The colonial contaduría (accounting offices) in the old port town of San Blas

Radiocarbon dating estimate Aztatlán colonization of the western Mexican coast – including parts of Sinaloa, Nayarit and Jalisco – as occurring as early as 900 AD, with some evidence suggesting it might have been as early as 520 AD. Encountered on the western coast by the Spanish invaders in 1500, the cultures were descended from these original Aztatlán settlements and other Classic stage cultures who had merged with them.^[10][11]

Hernán Cortés was the first known European to enter into the area now known as Nayarit, which he claimed for Spain as part Nueva Galicia. Under Nuño de Guzman, Spaniards took the region with considerable brutality, causing the indigenous inhabitants to revolt, in what was later referred to as the Mixtón War.^[12][13] After almost two centuries of resistance, the last independent Cora communities were incorporated into Spanish administration by force in 1722. Then followed intense missionary efforts by Jesuits to convert the indigenous.^[14]

In the colonial period, the port of San Blas was one of the most important trade ports on the American Pacific coast. Galleons transporting goods from Manila, the Philippines arrived here before the rise of the port of Acapulco.^{[citation needed]} Today, the town still boasts colonial architecture from the its heyday, such as the aduana (customs office), contaduria (accounting offices) and the fortress that protected the port against pirates.

In Nayarit, the struggle for independence from Spain was initiated by the priest José María Mercado, who conquered Tepic and San Blas before being defeated and executed by Spanish royalists.^{[citation needed]} In 1824, in the first constitution of the Mexican republic, Nayarit was a part of Jalisco state.^{[citation needed]} During the second half of the 19th century, Nayarit was one of the most turbulent territories in Mexico. The population was in open revolt, demanding access to land.^[15] Nayarit was one of the last territories admitted as a state of the Mexican federation, which occurred on May 1, 1917.^[16]

Geography

See also: Sierra Madre Occidental

Sayulita off Nayarit's Pacific coast, a former fishing village now mostly given over to tourism, part of the area now marketed as "La Riviera Nayarita" or "Nuevo Vallarta"

Nayarit covers 27,815 square kilometers (10,739 sq mi), making it one of the smaller states in Mexico.^[17] Nayarit is located between latitude lines 23°05' north and 20°36' south and longitude lines 103°43' east and 105°46' west.^[18] Its terrain is broken up by the western ends of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. Its highest mountains are: San Juan, Sanguangüey, El Ceboruco, Cumbre de Pajaritos and Picachos.^[19] Nayarit has two volcanoes, Ceboruco and Sangangüey. In the northeast are broad, tropical plains watered by the Río Grande de Santiago, a continuation of the Lerma River. The main state rivers are the Río Grande de Santiago, San Pedro, Acaponeta, Ameca and Las Cañas. The Río Grande de Santiago is the largest river in Nayarit. The Santiago and its tributaries are of major importance for agricultural irrigation. The Ameca and the Las Cañas lie on the border between Nayarit and the states of Jalisco and Sinaloa, respectively. Notable lagoons in Nayarit include Santa María del Oro, San Pedro Lagunillas and Agua Brava.^[20][21]

Municipalities

Nayarit – as with all states of Mexico – is geographically divided into municipalities (municipios), creating twenty municipalities in Nayarit:

• Acaponeta


• Ahuacatlán


• Amatlán de Cañas


• Bahía de Banderas


• Compostela


• El Nayar


• Huajicori


• Ixtlán del Río


• Jala


• La Yesca


• Rosamorada


• Ruíz


• San Blas


• San Pedro Lagunillas


• Santa María del Oro


• Santiago Ixcuintla


• Tecuala


• Tepic


• Tuxpan


• Xalisco

Environment

Nayarit contains hundreds of miles of rain forest in the sierra. Its wildlife includes hundreds of bird species including the lilac-crowned amazon (Amazona finschi) and Mexican woodnymph (Thalurania ridgwayi). There are also 119 registered species of mammals, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), caymans, armadillos and wild felines such as jaguarundi (Puma yagouarundi) and ocelot (Felis pardalis) and many more.^[22] Unfortunately, most of the rain forest has been exploited, especially around the region of Santa María del Oro. The conservation and protection of the rain forest and wildlife of Nayarit is an issue of crucial importance.^[23]

The Islas Marías were designated as the Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2010.^[24]

Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna of Nayarit
Puma yagouaroundi, eyra cat	Micrurus, coral snake	Centruroides suffusus, bark scorpion	Aquila chrysaetos, golden eagle	Zenaida macroura, mourning dove
Amazona finschi, lilac-crowned amazon	Crotalus basiliscus, green rattler	Odocoileus hemionus, mule deer	Canis latrans, coyote	Falco peregrinus, peregrine
Agave tequilana, tequila agave	Opuntia ficus-indica, cactus pear	Echinocactus grusonii, golden barrel cactus	Cylindropuntia imbricata, cane cholla	Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine

Education

Archaeological zone of Los Toriles

• Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic


• Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit


• Universidad Tecnólogica de Nayarit


• Universidad Tecnólogica de la Costa


• 
  Escuela Normal Superior de Nayarit: a normal school (for teachers)


• Universidad Vizcaya de Las Americas


• Escuela Secundaria Técnica No. 51 (Emilio M. Gonzalez)

Demographics

The state capital, Tepic, seen from the Cerro de la Cruz. Tepic is home to some 340,000 people.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1895[25]	149,807	—
1900	150,098	+0.2%
1910	171,173	+14.0%
1921	163,183	−4.7%
1930	167,724	+2.8%
1940	216,698	+29.2%
1950	290,124	+33.9%
1960	389,929	+34.4%
1970	544,031	+39.5%
1980	726,120	+33.5%
1990	824,643	+13.6%
1995	896,702	+8.7%
2000	920,185	+2.6%
2005	949,684	+3.2%
2010	1,084,979	+14.2%
2015	1,181,050	+8.9%

Nayarit is Mexico's twenty-ninth most populous state. According to the census of 2010, the state had a population of 1,084,979 and its population density was 39/km².

Indigenous groups

Nayarit is the home to four indigenous groups: the Wixaritari (Huichol), the Naayeri (Cora), the Odam (Tepehuan) and the Nahuatl-speaking Mexicaneros. The indigenous groups mostly inhabit the Nayar highlands, but are also frequently encountered in Tepic and on the Pacific coast, where they have also established colonies. They are known for their crafts and artwork which they sell. About 5% of the state population speak an indigenous language.^[26]

Economy

Shrimp fisherman on the coast of Nayarit.

Nayarit is predominantly an agricultural state, and produces a large variety of crops such as beans, sorghum, sugar cane, corn, tobacco, rice, chiles, peanuts, melons, tomatoes, coffee, mangoes, bananas, and avocados. In addition to these crops, livestock and fishing are also central to the local economy. Approximately 6 percent of the land in Nayarit is pasture land, with the most common livestock being cattle, horses, pigs, goats, and sheep. Nayarit has 289 kilometers of coastline, which provides an abundance of fish and shellfish, including bass, snapper, sharks, and oysters. There are over 75 cooperatives related to the fishing industry alone in Nayarit. Much of the food produced in Nayarit is exported to the larger urban areas surrounding Mexico City and Guadalajara, and much of the agricultural labor is performed by migrant laborers. There is some mining in Nayarit, but it is mostly of non-metallic substances such as limestone or kaolin.^[27]

In recent years, Nayarit has worked to build its tourism sector, marketing the "Riviera Nayarita" as a safe, beautiful destination served by Puerto Vallarta International Airport. Popular resort towns include Bucerius, Compostela, La Cruz de Huanacaxtle, San Blas, Santiago Ixcuintla, Sayulita and Tecuala. However, some residents in these and other towns are concerned that the growth in the tourism industry might have harmful impacts on the community.^[27] Due to the tourism growth, some vacationers have fallen victim to timeshare scams.^[28]

See also

• 
  Mexico portal
  


• 
  Latin America portal
  


• 
  North America portal
  

• Ixtlán del Rio (archaeological site)


• Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition

References

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (June 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation like Deepl or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary (using German): Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Exact name of German article]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|es|Nayarit}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

1. 
   ^ "Diciembre en la Historia de Nayarit" (in Spanish)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ "Senadores por Nayarit LXI Legislatura". Senado de la Republica. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
   


3. 
   ^ "Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Nayarit". Camara de Diputados. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
   


4. 
   ^ "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on December 22, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
   


5. 
   ^ "Relieve". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
   


6. 
   ^ "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). Retrieved December 8, 2015.
   


7. 
   ^ "Jalisco". 2010. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
   


8. 
   ^ "Reporte: Jueves 3 de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano". www.pesomexicano.com.mx. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
   


9. 
   ^ "El Nayar". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Archived from the original on 2007-05-02. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
   


10. 
    ^ Mountjoy, Joseph B. (2013). "Aztatlan Complex". In Evans, Susan T. & Webster, David L. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 59. ISBN 9781136801853.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


11. 
    ^ For a map showing important archaeological sites in Nayarit, refer to: Gorenstein, Shirley (2000). "Western and Northwestern Mexico". In Trigger, Bruce G. et al. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Cambridge University Press. p. 320. ISBN 9780521351652.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


12. 
    ^ Pasztor, Suzanne B. (2004). "Nayarit (state)". In Coerver, Don M. et al. Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 323. ISBN 9781576071328.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


13. 
    ^ Patch, Robert W. (2010). "Indian Resistance to Colonialism". In Beezley, William & Meyer, Michael. The Oxford History of Mexico. Oxford University Press. pp. 180–184. ISBN 9780199779932.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


14. 
    ^ Coyle, Philip E. “The Customs of our Ancestros: Cora Religious Conversion and Millennailism, 2000-1722. Ethnohistory 45:3 (summer 1998), pp. 509-542
    


15. 
    ^ Morales, Leopoldo R. (2001). El Nayarit de los años del general Romano: la historia documental de un gobernante. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. p. 5.
    


16. 
    ^ "Nayarit y Su History ("Nayarit and Its History")". H. Congreso del Estado de Nayarit. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14.
    


17. 
    ^ "Gov Mx". elbalero.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
    


18. 
    ^ "Map Gov Mx". inegi.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 1 March 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
    


19. 
    ^ "Nayarit" in The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2012, Columbia University Press
    


20. 
    ^ Pasztor, Suzanne B. (2012). "Nayarit". In Saragoza, Alex et al. Mexico Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 459. ISBN 9780313349485.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


21. 
    ^ Fernández, Marina Anguiano (1992). Nayarit: costa y altiplanicie en el momento del contacto (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). p. 27. ISBN 9789683616067.
    


22. 
    ^ Pulido Pérez, R. (1995). Diagnostico de la fauna silvestre en el estado de Nayarit/."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-07-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
    


23. 
    ^ Kealy, Kelly & Duecy, Erica, eds. (2011). Fodor's Puerto Vallarta with the Riviera Nayarit, Costalegre, and Inland Jalisco. Random House. p. 33. ISBN 9781400004829.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
    


24. 
    ^ "Islas María". UNESCO. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
    


25. 
    ^ "Mexico: extended population list". GeoHive. Archived from the original on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
    


26. 
    ^ [1] Archived 2013-01-19 at the Wayback Machine.
    


27. 
    ^ ^ab Standish, Peter (2009). "Nayarit". The States of Mexico: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 251–252. ISBN 9780313342233.
    


28. 
    ^ ""Nayarit Vacation Rentals"". Nayarit Vacation Rentals. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
    

Further reading

• 
  Adams, Richard E.W. (2005). Prehistoric Mesoamerica. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806137025.
  


• 
  Flores-Verdugo, F.J. et al. (2000). "The Tropical Pacific Coast of Mexico". In U. Seeliger & B. Kjerfve. Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America. Springer. ISBN 9783540672289.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
  


• 
  Weigand, Phil C. (1992). "Central Mexico's Influences in Jalisco and Nayarit during the Classic Period". In Edward M. Schortman, Patricia A. Urban. Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction. Springer. ISBN 9780306440687.CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter (link)
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nayarit.

• 
  Geographic data related to Nayarit at OpenStreetMap
  


• 
  (in Spanish) Nayarit State Government
  


• 
  (in Spanish) Breve Historia de Nayarit: Jean Meyer
  


• 
  (in Spanish) Portal de Carrillo Puerto Nayarit, Mexico
  


• 
  (in Spanish) Portal de Compostela Nayarit, Mexico
  

v t e State of Nayarit
Tepic (capital)
Municipalities and municipal seats	Acaponeta (Acaponeta) Ahuacatlán (Ahuacatlán) Amatlán de Cañas (Amatlán de Cañas) Bahía de Banderas (Valle de Banderas) Compostela (Compostela) El Nayar (Jesús María) Huajicori (Huajicori) Ixtlán del Río (Ixtlán del Río) Jala (Jala) La Yesca (La Yesca) Rosamorada (Rosamorada) Ruíz (Ruiz) San Blas (San Blas) San Pedro Lagunillas (San Pedro Lagunillas) Santa María del Oro (Santa María del Oro) Santiago Ixcuintla (Santiago Ixcuintla) Tecuala (Tecuala) Tepic (Tepic) Tuxpan (Tuxpan) Xalisco (Xalisco)

v t e States of Mexico
Aguascalientes Baja California Baja California Sur Campeche Chiapas Chihuahua Coahuila Colima Durango Guanajuato Guerrero Hidalgo Jalisco México Mexico City Michoacán Morelos Nayarit Nuevo León Oaxaca Puebla Querétaro San Luis Potosí Sinaloa Sonora Tamaulipas Tlaxcala Veracruz Zacatecas Quintana Roo Tabasco Yucatán

Authority control	GND: 4117788-5 MusicBrainz: 7af347a3-ca3c-4505-b839-e67c606709cf VIAF: 152456357 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 152456357

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