Popocatépetl

Popocatépetl
Popocatépetl from Amecameca (looking south-east)
Highest point
Elevation	5,426 m (17,802 ft) [a]
Prominence	3,020 m (9,910 ft) [2][3]
Isolation	143 kilometres (89 mi)
Listing	World most prominent peaks 89th North America highest peaks 5th North America prominent peaks 17th Mexico highest major peaks 2nd
Coordinates	19°01′20″N 98°37′40″W / 19.02222°N 98.62778°W / 19.02222; -98.62778Coordinates: 19°01′20″N 98°37′40″W / 19.02222°N 98.62778°W / 19.02222; -98.62778
Geography
Popocatépetl Mexico
Location	Mexico-Puebla-Morelos, Mexico
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	2004 to 2019 (ongoing)[4]
Climbing
Easiest route	rock/snow climb

Popocatépetl (Spanish pronunciation: [popokaˈtepetl] (listen); Nahuatl: Popōcatepētl [popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ] (listen)) is an active stratovolcano, located in the states of Puebla and Morelos, in central Mexico, and lies in the eastern half of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. At 5,426 m (17,802 ft)^[1] it is the second highest peak in Mexico, after Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) at 5,636 m (18,491 ft).

It is linked to the Iztaccihuatl volcano to the north by the high saddle known as the Paso de Cortés.^[5]

Popocatépetl is 70 km (43 mi) southeast of Mexico City, from where it can be seen regularly, depending on atmospheric conditions. Until recently, the volcano was one of three tall peaks in Mexico to contain glaciers,^[6] the others being Iztaccihuatl and Pico de Orizaba. In the 1990s, the glaciers such as Glaciar Norte (North Glacier) greatly decreased in size, partly due to warmer temperatures but largely due to increased volcanic activity.^[7] By early 2001, Popocatépetl's glaciers were gone; ice remained on the volcano, but no longer displayed the characteristic features of glaciers such as crevasses.^[8][9][10]

Lava erupting from Popocatépetl has historically been predominantly andesitic, but it has also erupted large volumes of dacite.^[11]Magma produced in the current cycle of activity tends to be a mixture of the two.^[12]

Contents

• 
  1 Name
  


• 
  2 Geology
  


• 
  3 History
  
  
  
  • 
    3.1 Eruptions
    
  
  
  
  


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  4 Gallery
  


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  5 See also
  


• 
  6 Notes
  


• 
  7 References
  


• 
  8 Further reading
  


• 
  9 External links
  

Name

The name Popocatépetl comes from the Nahuatl words popōca [poˈpoːka] "it smokes" and tepētl [ˈtepeːt͡ɬ] "mountain", meaning Smoking Mountain. The volcano is also referred to by Mexicans as El Popo. The alternate nickname Don Goyo comes from the mountain's association in the lore of the region with (San Gregorio), "Goyo" being a nickname-like short form of Gregorio.^[13]

Geology

The stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 m × 600 m (1,300 ft × 2,000 ft) wide crater. The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano. At least three previous major cones were destroyed by gravitational failure during the Pleistocene, producing massive debris avalanche deposits covering broad areas south of the volcano. The modern volcano was constructed to the south of the late-Pleistocene to Holocene El Fraile cone.^[1] Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent of which took place about 800 AD, have occurred from Popocatépetl since the mid-Holocene, accompanied by pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below the volcano.^[1]

According to paleomagnetic studies, the volcano is about 730,000 years old. It is cone shaped with a diameter of 25 km (16 mi) at its base, with a peak elevation of 5,450 m (17,880 ft). The crater is elliptical with an orientation northeast-southwest. The walls of the crater vary from 600 to 840 m (1,970 to 2,760 ft) in height. Popocatépetl is currently active after being dormant for about half of last century. Its activity increased in 1991 and smoke has been seen constantly emanating from the crater since 1993. The volcano is monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project.^{[citation needed]}

History

The geological history of Popocatépetl began with the formation of the ancestral volcano Nexpayantla. About 200,000 years ago, Nexpayantly collapsed in an eruption, leaving a caldera, in which the next volcano, known as El Fraile, began to form. Another eruption about 50,000 years ago caused that to collapse, and Popocatépetl rose from that. Around 23,000 years ago, a lateral eruption (believed to be larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens) destroyed the volcano's ancient cone and created an avalanche that reached up to 70 kilometres (43 mi) from the summit. The debris field from that is one of four around the volcano, and it is also the youngest.^[14]

Three Plinian eruptions are known to have taken place: 3,000 years ago (3195–2830 BC), 2,150 years ago (800–215 BC), and 1,100 years ago (likely 823 AD).^[14] The latter two buried the nearby village of Tetimpa, preserving evidence of preclassical culture.^[15]

The first known ascent of the volcano was made by an expedition led by Diego de Ordaz in 1519.^[16]:182 The early-16th-century monasteries on the slopes of the mountain are a World Heritage Site.

Eruptions

International Space Station view of Popocatépetl sending plume of volcanic ash south January 23, 2001, Iztaccíhuatl at right

Popocatépetl viewed from Puebla, Puebla, January 2004 eruption

Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico and the most famous,^[17] having had more than 15 major eruptions since the arrival of the Spanish in 1519.

Timeline:

• Mid-to late first century: A violent VEI-6 eruption may have caused the large migrations that settled Teotihuacan, according to DNA analysis of teeth and bones.^[18]
  


• Eruptions were observed in 1363, 1509, 1512, 1519–1528, 1530, 1539, 1540, 1548, 1562–1570, 1571, 1592, 1642, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1697, 1720, 1802, 1919, 1923, 1925, and 1933.^[1]
  


• 1947: A major eruption.


• 21 December 1994: The volcano spewed gas and ash, which was carried as far as 25 km (16 mi) away by prevailing winds. The activity prompted the evacuation of nearby towns and scientists to begin monitoring for an eruption.^[13]
  


• December 2000: Tens of thousands of people were evacuated by the government, based on the warnings of scientists. The volcano then made its largest display in 1,200 years.^{[9][10][19][20]}
  


• 25 December 2005: The volcano's crater produced an explosion which ejected a large column of smoke and ash about 3 km (1.9 mi) into the atmosphere and expulsion of lava.


• January and February 2012: Scientists observed increased volcanic activity at Popocatépetl. On January 25, 2012, an ash explosion occurred on the mountain, causing much dust and ash to contaminate the atmosphere around it.^[13]
  


• 15 April 2012: Reports of superheated rock fragments being hurled into the air by the volcano. Ash and water vapor plumes were reported 15 times over 24 hours.^[21]
  


• Wednesday 8 May 2013, at 7:28 p.m. local time: Popocatépetl erupted again with a high amplitude tremor that lasted and was recorded for 3.5 hours. It began with plumes of ash that rose 3 km into the air and began drifting west at first, but later began to drift east-southeast, covering areas of the villages of San Juan Tianguismanalco, San Pedro Benito Juárez and the City of Puebla in smoke and ash. Explosions from the volcano itself subsequently ejected fragments of fiery volcanic rock to distances of 700 m from the crater.^[22][23]
  


• July 4, 2013: Due to several eruptions of steam and ash for at least 24 hours, at least six U.S. airlines canceled more than 40 flights into and out of Mexico City and Toluca airports that day.^[24]
  


• 27 August–September 2014: CENAPRED reported explosions, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions with minor ash and ash plumes that rose 800-3,000 m above Popocatépetl's crater and drifted west, southwest, and west-southwest. On most nights incandescence was observed, increasing during times with larger emissions.


• 1 September 2014: Partial visibility due to cloud cover.


• 29 and 31 August 2014: The Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported discrete ash emissions.^[1]
  


• 7 January 2015: CENAPRED reported that ash from recent explosions coats the snow on the volcano's upper slopes.


• 28 March 2016: An ash column 2,000 metres high was released, prompting the establishment of a 12-kilometer "security ring" around the summit.^[25]
  


• 3 April 2016: Popocatépetl erupted, spewing lava, ash and rock. ^[26]
  


• August 2016: Eruptions continued, with four discrete blasts on August 17.^[27]
  


• 10 November 2017 at 7:25 local time, eruption continued^[1]
  


• 15 December 2018 at 18:57 local time, spewing lava, ash and rock.^[28]
  


• 22 January 2019 21:06 local time, spewing ash up 4 km high


• 19 March 2019 21:38 local time, fragments of the dome shot within 1-1/2 mile radius. ^[29]
  

Gallery

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  Fumaroles on Popocatépetl
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Viewed from the north from Paso de Cortés
  

  
  

  
  


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  Seen from the International Space Station in February 2009
  

  
  

  
  


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  Seen from near the summit of Iztaccihuatl
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Remedios with the volcano in the background
  

  
  

  
  

See also

• 
  North America portal
  


• 
  Mexico portal
  


• 
  Mountains portal
  


• 
  Volcanoes portal
  

• 
  List of mountain peaks of North America
  
  • 
    List of mountain peaks of Mexico
    
    
    
    • List of volcanoes in Mexico
    
    
    • List of Ultras of Mexico
    
    
    
    
  
  


• 
  Legend of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, a family of pre-Hispanic legends on the origin of the two mountains

Notes

1. 
   ^ Sources vary widely, on the elevation of Popocatépetl, with most giving a value at or slightly above 5,400 m. The 5,426 m figure given here is from the Smithsonian Institution-Global Volcanism Program^[1]
   

References

1. 
   ^ ^abcdefg "Popocatépetl". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2008-12-18..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ "Mexico Ultras" Peaklist.org. The prominence value given here of 3,020 m is based on a summit elevation of 5,400 m for Popocatépetl. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
   


3. 
   ^ "Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico" The prominence value given here of 3,020 m is interpolated from a summit elevation of 5,400 m for Popocatépetl. Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
   


4. 
   ^ "Popocatépetl volcano". 19 Feb 2018.
   


5. 
   ^ John H. Beaman. The Timberlines of Iztaccihuatl and Popocatépetl, Mexico. Ecology Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jul., 1962), pp. 377-385
   


6. 
   ^ Huggel, C., Delgado, H. (2000). "Glacier monitoring at Popocatépetl Volcano, México: glacier shrinkage and possible causes" (PDF). In Hegg, C., Vonder Muehll, D. Beiträge zur Geomorphologie.- Proceedings Fachtagung der Schweizerischen Geomorphologischen Gesellschaft, 8-10 July 1999. Bramois, WSL Birmensdorf. pp. 97–106. Retrieved 2012-04-17.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
   


7. 
   ^ Granados HD (1997). "The glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): Changes and causes". Quaternary International. 43–44: 53–60. Bibcode:1997QuInt..43...53G. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00020-7. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
   


8. 
   ^ Delgado Granados H, Miranda PJ, Huggel C, Ortega del Valle S, Alatorre Ibargüengoitia MA (2007). "Chronicle of a death foretold: Extinction of the small-size tropical glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)". Global and Planetary Change. 56 (1–2): 13–22. Bibcode:2007GPC....56...13D. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.010.
   


9. 
   ^ ^ab Huggel C, Schneider D, Julio Miranda P, Granados HD, Kääb A (2008). "Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 170 (1–2): 99–110. Bibcode:2008JVGR..170...99H. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
   


10. 
    ^ ^ab Julio-Miranda P, Delgado-Granados H, Huggel C, Kääb A (2008). "Impact of the eruptive activity on glacier evolution at Popocatépetl Volcano (México) during 1994–2004" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 170 (1–2): 86–98. Bibcode:2008JVGR..170...86J. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.4620. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.011.
    


11. 
    ^ Sosa, G.; Gardner, J. E.; Lassiter, J. C. 2009. Magma evolution during the last 23 ky at Popocatepetl Volcano: insights from Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes in plagioclase, pyroxene and pumice matrix. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #V51A-1658 [1]
    


12. 
    ^ Martin, A. L.; Cifuentes, G.; Straub, S.; Mendiola, F. 2007. Magma Stagnation and Ascent at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico during the last 10 years. American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2007, abstract #V42A-05 [2]
    


13. 
    ^ ^abc "Popocatépetl volcano eruptions". VolcanoDiscovery. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
    


14. 
    ^ ^ab Macías, José Luis (2007). "Geology and eruptive history of some active volcanoes of México" (PDF). In Alaniz-Álvarez, S.A.; Nieto-Samaniego, Á.F. Geology of México: Celebrating the Centenary of the Geological Society of México. 422. pp. 199–204. doi:10.1130/2007.2422(06). ISBN 978-0-8137-2422-5. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
    


15. 
    ^ Plunket, Patricia; Uruñuela, Gabriela (1998). "Preclassic Household Patterns Preserved Under Volcanic Ash at Tetimpa, Puebla, Mexico". Latin American Antiquity. 9 (4): 287–309. doi:10.2307/3537029. JSTOR 3537029.
    


16. 
    ^ Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books,
    ISBN 0140441239
    


17. 
    ^ Zeballos, J.L.; Meli, R.; Vilchis, A.; Barrios, L. (1996). "The effects of volcanoes on health: preparedness in Mexico". World Health Statistics Quarterly. 49 (3–4): 204–208. PMID 9170236.
    


18. 
    ^ Robinson, Jennifer. "SECRETS OF THE DEAD: Teotihuacán's Lost Kings". kpbs.org. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
    


19. 
    ^ "Residents on slopes of Popocatepetl Volcano heed evacuation notice". US Geological Survey. 2000. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
    


20. 
    ^ Julio Miranda, P., Delgado Granados, H. (2003). "Fast hazard evaluation, employing digital photogrammetry on Popocatépetl glaciers", Mexico" (PDF). Geofísica Internacional. 42 (2): 275–283. Retrieved 2012-04-21.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
    


21. 
    ^ "Mexican volcano hurls hot rock into sky". CBC News. 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
    


22. 
    ^ Greenwood, Faine. "Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano has erupted". Global Post. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
    


23. 
    ^ "Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): strong ash emissions and increase of activity". Volcano Discovery. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
    


24. 
    ^ "US Airlines Cancel Mexico Flights Due To Volcano". Associated Press. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
    


25. 
    ^ Reuters, Source: (29 March 2016). "Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano spews ash and gas into sky – video". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 October 2017 – via www.theguardian.com.
    


26. 
    ^ "Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano violently erupts, launching burning rocks". upi.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
    


27. 
    ^ Klemetti, Erik (18 August 2016). "Science: Here's What's Happening in This Volcanic Explosion at Guatemala's Santiaguito/Popocatépetl". Wired. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
    


28. 
    ^ "Mexican volcano Popocatepetl erupts with 2km column of ash". www.rt.com. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
    


29. 
    ^ {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/world/mexican-volcano-lights-up-the-night-sky-and-social-media.html%7Ctitle=Mexican Volcano Lights Up the Night Sky, and Social Media
    

Further reading

• 
  Secor, R. J. (2008). Mexico's Volcanoes: A Climbing Guide (3rd ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 160ff. ISBN 978-0-89886-798-5.
  


• 
  "Popocatépetl". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  


• 
  Yarza de la Torre, Esperanza (1971). Volcanes de México (in Spanish). Aguilar. pp. 237ff.
  

External links

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• Live webcam of Popocatepetl

v t e The 124 highest major summits of greater North America

Denali Mount Logan Pico de Orizaba Mount Saint Elias Popocatépetl Mount Foraker Mount Lucania Iztaccíhuatl King Peak Mount Bona Mount Steele Mount Blackburn Mount Sanford Mount Wood Mount Vancouver Mount Slaggard Nevado de Toluca Mount Fairweather Mount Hubbard Mount Bear Mount Walsh Mount Hunter La Malinche Mount Whitney Mount Alverstone University Peak Mount Elbert Mount Massive Mount Harvard Mount Rainier Mount Williamson McArthur Peak Blanca Peak La Plata Peak Uncompahgre Peak Crestone Peak Mount Lincoln Castle Peak Grays Peak Mount Antero Mount Evans Longs Peak Mount Wilson White Mountain Peak North Palisade Mount Princeton Mount Yale Mount Shasta Maroon Peak Mount Wrangell Mount Sneffels Capitol Peak Pikes Peak Windom Peak/Mount Eolus Mount Augusta Handies Peak Culebra Peak San Luis Peak Mount of the Holy Cross Nevado de Colima Grizzly Peak Mount Humphreys Mount Keith Mount Strickland Mount Ouray Vermilion Peak Avalanche Peak Atna Peaks Volcán Tajumulco Regal Mountain Mount Darwin Mount Hayes Mount Silverheels Rio Grande Pyramid Cofre de Perote Gannett Peak Mount Kaweah Grand Teton Mount Cook Mount Morgan Mount Gabb Bald Mountain Mount Oso Mount Jackson Mount Tom Bard Peak West Spanish Peak Mount Powell Hagues Peak Mount Dubois Tower Mountain Treasure Mountain Kings Peak North Arapaho Peak Mount Pinchot Mount Natazhat Mount Jarvis Parry Peak Bill Williams Peak Sultan Mountain Mount Herard Volcán Tacaná West Buffalo Peak Mount Craig Tressider Peak Summit Peak Middle Peak/Dolores Peak Antora Peak Henry Mountain Hesperus Mountain Mount Silverthrone Jacque Peak Bennett Peak Wind River Peak Mount Waddington Conejos Peak Mount Marcus Baker Cloud Peak Wheeler Peak Francs Peak Twilight Peak South River Peak Mount Ritter Red Slate Mountain

v t e The 100 most prominent summits of greater North America

Denali Mount Logan Pico de Orizaba Mount Rainier Volcán Tajumulco Mount Fairweather Chirripó Grande Gunnbjørn Fjeld Mount Blackburn Mount Hayes Mount Saint Elias Mount Waddington Mount Marcus Baker Pico Duarte Mount Lucania Mount Whitney Popocatépetl Mount Shasta Monarch Mountain Shishaldin Volcano Mount Robson Redoubt Volcano Mount Elbert Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier Nevado de Colima Mount Vancouver Mount Sir Sandford Mount Baker Mount Torbert Pic la Selle Barbeau Peak San Jacinto Peak San Gorgonio Mountain Charleston Peak Pavlof Volcano Mount Veniaminof Mount Adams Skihist Mountain Mount Hubbard Mount Ratz Mount Odin Mount Isto Mount Monashee Iliamna Volcano Mount Olympus Mount Columbia Mount Queen Bess Mount Cook Mount Hood Mount Sanford Mount Tom White Mount Cooper Wheeler Peak Ulysses Mountain Glacier Peak Mount Kimball Blue Mountain Peak Wedge Mountain Otter Mountain Mount Griggs Nevado de Toluca Kwatna Peak Outlook Peak Mount Foraker Golden Hinde White Mountain Peak Mount Crillon Stauning Alper Cerro Teotepec Scud Peak Keele Peak Cloud Peak Gannett Peak Razorback Mountain Mount Vsevidof Mount Odin Cerro el Nacimiento Mount Hesperus Picacho del Diablo Mount Farnham Palup Qaqa HP Mount Bona Oscar Peak Pic Macaya Montaña de Santa Bárbara Mount Assiniboine Mount Jancowski Cerro Las Minas Mount Drum Gladsheim Peak Milne Land HP Mount Dawson Payers Tinde Beitstad Peak Mount Chiginagak Mount Edith Cavell Alsek Peak Mount Valpy Perserajoq Mount Cairnes

v t e The 32 highest major summits of México

Pico de Orizaba Popocatépetl Iztaccíhuatl Nevado de Toluca Sierra Negra Malinche Nevado de Colima Cofre de Perote Mount Tlaloc Volcán Tacaná Ajusco Volcán Tancítaro Volcán de Colima Cerro San Rafael Cerro Potosí Cerro el Nacimiento Cerro Teotepec Picacho San Onofre Cerro El Jabalín Peñón del Rosario Cerro Zempoaltépetl Cerro El Zamorano Cerro la Muralla Cerro Gordo Cerro Mohinora El Pinal Cerro El Refugio Cerro Grande El Centinela Picacho del Diablo Sierra la Madera Sierra Fría

v t e World Heritage Sites in Mexico
North West	Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California1 Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino
North Central	Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro Historic Centre of Zacatecas Historic Monuments Zone of Querétaro Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines Protected town of San Miguel and the Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco
West	Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila Archipiélago de Revillagigedo Historic Centre of Morelia Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California1 Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve1
East	Earliest 16th-century Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl1 Pre-Hispanic City of El Tajín Historic Centre of Puebla Historic Monuments Zone of Tlacotalpan
South West	Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Archaeological Site of Monte Albán Prehistoric Caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Central Valley of Oaxaca Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
South Central	Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque Hydraulic System Central University City Campus of the UNAM Earliest 16th-century Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl1 Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Historic Centres of Mexico City and Xochimilco Luis Barragán House and Studio Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve1 Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacán
South East	Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche Historic Fortified Town of Campeche Pre-Hispanic City of Chichén Itzá Sian Ka'an Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal
1 Shared by more than one region

v t e State of Mexico
Toluca (capital)
Municipalities	Acambay Acolman Aculco Almoloya de Alquisiras Almoloya de Juárez Almoloya del Río Amanalco Amatepec Amecameca Apaxco Atenco Atizapán Atizapán de Zaragoza Atlacomulco Atlautla Axapusco Ayapango Buenavista Calimaya Capulhuac Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias Chapa de Mota Chapultepec Chiautla Chicoloapan Chiconcuac Chimalhuacán Coacalco de Berriozábal Coatepec Harinas Cocotitlán Coyotepec Cuautitlán Cuautitlán Izcalli Donato Guerra Ecatepec de Morelos Ecatzingo El Oro Huehuetoca Hueypoxtla Huixquilucan Ixtapaluca Ixtapan de la Sal Ixtapan del Oro Ixtlahuaca Jaltenco Jilotepec Jilotzingo Jiquipilco Jocotitlán Joquicingo Juchitepec La Paz Lerma Luvianos Malinalco Melchor Ocampo Metepec Mexicaltzingo Morelos Naucalpan de Juárez Nextlalpan Nezahualcóyotl Nicolás Romero Nopaltepec Ocoyoacac Ocuilan Otumba Otzoloapan Otzolotepec Ozumba Papalotla Polotitlán Rayón San Antonio la Isla San Felipe del Progreso San José del Rincón San Martín de las Pirámides San Mateo Atenco San Simón de Guerrero Santo Tomás Soyaniquilpan de Juárez Sultepec Tecámac Tejuplico Temamatla Temascalapa Temascalcingo Temascaltepec Temoaya Tenancingo de Degollado Tenango del Aire Tenango del Valle Teoloyucan Teotihuacán Tepetlaoxtoc Tepetlixpa Tepotzotlán Tequixquiac Texcaltitlán Texcalyacac Texcoco Tezoyuca Tianguistenco Timilpan Tlalmanalco Tlalnepantla de Baz Tlatlaya Toluca Tonatico Tonanitla Tultepec Tultitlán Valle de Bravo Valle de Chalco Solidaridad Villa de Allende Villa del Carbón Villa Guerrero Villa Victoria Xalatlaco Xonacatlán Zacazonapan Zacualpan Zinacantepec Zumpahuacán Zumpango

v t e State of Morelos
Cuernavaca (capital)
Municipalities	Amacuzac Atlatlahucan Axochiapan Ciudad Ayala Coatlán del Río Cuautla Cuernavaca Emiliano Zapata Huitzilac Jantetelco Jiutepec Jojutla Jonacatepec Mazatepec Miacatlán Ocuituco Puente de Ixtla Temixco Temoac Tepalcingo Tepoztlán Tetecala Tetela del Volcán Tlalnepantla Tlaltizapán Tlaquiltenango Tlayacapan Totolapan Xochitepec Yautepec de Zaragoza Yecapixtla Zacatepec de Hidalgo Zacualpan de Amilpas

v t e State of Puebla
Puebla (capital)
Municipalities/ towns	Acajete Acateno Acatzingo Acteopan Ahuacatlán Ahuatlán Ahuazotepec Ahuehuetitla Ajalpan Albino Zertuche Aljojuca Altepexi Amixtlán Amozoc Aquixtla Atempan Atexcal Atlequizayan Atlixco Atoyatempan Atzala Atzitzihuacán Atzitzintla Axutla Ayotoxco de Guerrero Calpan Caltepec Camocuautla Cañada Morelos Caxhuacan Coatepec Coatzingo Cohetzala Cohuecán Coronango Coxcatlán Coyomeapan Coyotepec Cuapiaxtla de Madero Cuautempan Cuautinchán Cuautlancingo Cuayuca de Andrade Cuetzalan del Progreso Cuyoaco Chalchicomula de Sesma Chapulco Chiautla de Tapia Chiautzingo Chiconcuautla Chichiquila Chietla Chigmecatitlan Chignahuapan Chignautla Chila Chila de la Sal Chilchotla Chinantla Domingo Arenas Eloxochitlán Epatlán Esperanza Francisco Z. Mena General Felipe Angeles Guadalupe Guadalupe Victoria Hermenegildo Galeana Honey Huaquechula Huatlatlauca Huauchinango Huehuetla Huehuetlán el Chico Huehuetlán el Grande Huejotzingo Hueyapan Hueytamalco Hueytlalpan Huitzilan de Serdán Huitziltepec Ixcamilpa de Guerrero Ixcaquixtla Ixtacamaxtitlán Ixtepec Izúcar de Matamoros Jalpan Jolalpan Jonotla Jopala Juan C. Bonilla Juan Galindo Juan N. Méndez Lafragua Libres Magdalena Tlatlauquitepec, La Mazapiltepec de Juárez Mixtla Molcaxac Naupan Nauzontla Nealtican Nicolás Bravo Nopalucan Ocotepec Ocoyucan Olintla Oriental Pahuatlán Palmar de Bravo Pantepec Petlalcingo Piaxtla Puebla Quecholac Quimixtlán Rafael Lara Grajales Reyes de Juárez, Los San Andrés Cholula San Antonio Cañada San Diego la Meza Tochimiltzingo San Felipe Teotlalcingo San Felipe Tepatlán San Gabriel Chilac San Gregorio Atzompa San Jerónimo Tecuanipan San Jerónimo Xayacatlán San José Chiapa San José Miahuatlán San Juan Atenco San Juan Atzompa San Juan Raboso San Martín Texmelucan San Martín Totoltepec San Matías Tlalancaleca San Miguel Ixitlán San Miguel Xoxtla San Nicolás Buenos Aires San Nicolás de Los Ranchos San Pablo Anicano San Pedro Cholula San Pedro Yeloixtlahuaca San Salvador el Seco San Salvador el Verde San Salvador Huixcolotla San Sebastián Tlacotepec Santa Catarina Tlaltempan Santa Inés Ahuatempan Santa Isabel Cholula Santiago Miahuatlán Santo Tomás Hueyotlipan Soltepec Tecali de Herrera Tecamachalco Tecomatlán Tehuacán Tehuitzingo Tenampulco Teopantlán Teotlalco Tepanco de López Tepango de Rodríguez Tepatlaxco de Hidalgo Tepeaca Tepemaxalco Tepeojuma Tepetzintla Tepexco Tepexi de Rodríguez Tepeyahualco Tepeyahualco de Cuauhtémoc Tetela de Ocampo Teteles de Ávila Castillo Teziutlán Tianguismanalco Tilapa Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez Tlacuilotepec Tlachichuca Tlahuapan Tlaltenango Tlanepantla Tlaola Tlapacoya Tlapanalá Tlatlauquitepec Tlaxco Tochimilco Tochtepec Totoltepec de Guerrero Tulcingo Tuzamapan de Galeana Tzicatlacoyan Venustiano Carranza Vicente Guerrero Xayacatlán de Bravo Xicotepec Xicotlán Xiutetelco Xochiapulco Xochiltepec Xochitlán de Vicente Suárez Xochitlán Todos Santos Yaonáhuac Yehualtepec Zacapala Zacapoaxtla Zacatlán Zapotitlán Zapotitlán de Méndez Zaragoza Zautla Zihuateutla Zinacatepec Zongozotla Zoquiapan Zoquitlán

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