Mixing
Interstitium
| Interstitium | |
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Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata] |
The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system.[1][2] The fluid in this space is called interstitial fluid, comprises water and solutes, and drains into the lymph system.[2] The interstitial compartment is composed of connective and supporting tissues within the body – called the extracellular matrix – that are situated outside the blood and lymphatic vessels and the parenchyma of organs.[2][3]
Contents
1 Structure
2 Functions
3 Research
4 See also
5 References
Structure
The non-fluid parts of the interstitium are predominantly collagen types I, III, and V, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronate and proteoglycans that are cross-linked to form a honeycomb-like reticulum.[3] Such structural components exist both for the general interstitium of the body,[2] and within individual organs, such as the heart and kidney.[4][5]
Functions
The interstitial fluid is a reservoir and transportation system for nutrients and solutes distributing among organs, cells, and capillaries, for signaling molecules communicating between cells, and for antigens and cytokines participating in immune regulation.[2] The composition and chemical properties of the interstitial fluid vary among organs and undergo changes in chemical composition during normal function, as well as during body growth, conditions of inflammation, and development of diseases,[2] as in heart failure[4] and chronic kidney disease.[5]
The total fluid volume of the interstitium during health is about 20% of body weight, but this space is dynamic and may change in volume and composition during immune responses and in conditions such as cancer, and specifically within the interstitium of tumors.[2] The amount of interstitial fluid varies from about 50% of the tissue weight in skin to about 10% in skeletal muscle.[2]
Research
Preliminary research of the interstitium in people with lung diseases, heart disease, cancer, kidney disease, immune disorders, and periodontal disease indicates that the interstitial fluid and lymph system are sites where disease mechanisms may arise or develop.[2][4][5][6]
In 2018, the interstitium in bile duct tissue was identified and studied using confocal laser endomicroscopy and fluorescein injection.[7] A microscopic subcompartment of the interstitial space, having a depth of 60–70 micrometres (0.0024–0.0028 in) and filled with lymph, was reported as draining into lymph nodes, and was structurally supported by a network of collagen.[7]
See also
- Extracellular matrix
References
^ Bert JL; Pearce RH (1984). The interstitium and microvascular exchange. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Microcirculation (sect. 2; pt. 1; chapt. 12; vol. IV ed.). Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society. pp. 521–547. ISBN 0683072021..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ abcdefghi Wiig, H; Swartz, M. A (2012). "Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: Physiological regulation and roles in inflammation and cancer". Physiological Reviews. 92 (3): 1005–60. doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2011. PMID 22811424.
^ ab Scallan J; Huxley VH; Korthuis RJ (2010). The Interstitium. In: Capillary Fluid Exchange: Regulation, Functions, and Pathology. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences.
^ abc Eckhouse SR; Spinale FG (2012). "Changes in the myocardial interstitium and contribution to the progression of heart failure". Heart Fail Clin. 8 (1): 7–20. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2011.08.012. PMC 3227393. PMID 22108723.
^ abc Zeisberg, M; Kalluri, R (2015). "Physiology of the Renal Interstitium". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 10 (10): 1831–1840. doi:10.2215/CJN.00640114. PMC 4594057.
^ Berggreen, E; Wiig, H (2014). "Lymphatic function and responses in periodontal disease". Experimental Cell Research. 325 (2): 130–7. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.006. PMID 24503053.
^ ab Benias, Petros C.; Wells, Rebecca G.; Sackey-Aboagye, Bridget; Klavan, Heather; Reidy, Jason; Buonocore, Darren; Miranda, Markus; Kornacki, Susan; Wayne, Michael (2018-03-27). "Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues". Scientific Reports. 8 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23062-6. ISSN 2045-2322.
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