目录学







格拉茨大學圖書館的圖書編排



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目录学（英語：Bibliography或Bibliology，又名文獻學或書誌學），是图书馆学的一门分支学科，研究文献目录工作的一般原理及形成和发展的一般规律。




目录






  • 1 中国目录学


  • 2 分支


  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 研究書目





中国目录学


班固撰寫《汉书叙传》，始有“目录”之名。劉向、劉歆父子整理圖書，著有《別錄》、《七略》，開中國目錄學之先河。清代著名学者如金榜、王鸣盛、姚振宗等人的大力提倡目录学。王鳴盛《十七史商榷》卷一：“目錄之學，學中第一緊要事，必從此問途，方能得其門而入。”


梁啟超認為佛家書目優勝於普通目錄者有五點：“一曰歷史觀念甚發達。凡一書之傳譯淵源、譯人小傳、譯時、譯地，靡不詳敘；二曰辨別真偽極嚴。凡可疑之書，皆詳審考證，別存其目；三曰比較甚審。凡一書而同時或先後異譯者，輒詳為序列，勘其異同得失；在一叢書中抽譯一二種，或在一書中抽譯一二篇而別題書名者，皆各求其出處，分別註明，使學者毋惑；四曰搜采遺逸甚勤。雖已佚之書，亦必存其目，以俟采訪，令學者得按照某時代之錄而知其書佚於何時；五曰分類極復雜而周備。或以著譯時代分，或以書之性質分。性質之中，或以書之涵義內容分，如既分經律論，又分大小乘；或以書之形式分，如一譯多譯，一卷多卷等等。同一錄中，各種分類並用。……不能不嘆劉《略》、班《誌》、荀《簿》、阮《錄》之太簡單、太樸素，且痛惜於後此種作者之無進步也。”[1]余嘉锡认为目录学的根本意义在于“辨章学术，考镜源流”[2]。



分支


目录学的分支学科有：



  • 普通目录学

  • 专科目录学

  • 比较目录学

  • 版本目录学



参考文献





  1. ^ 梁啟超：《佛家經錄在中國目錄學之位置》，《圖書館學季刊》第一卷第一期(1926年)。


  2. ^ 《目录学发微》




研究書目


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  • 余嘉錫：《目錄學發微》（成都：巴蜀書社，1991年）.

  • 王重民：《中國目錄學史論叢》（北京：中華書局，1984年）.

  • 長澤規矩也 著，梅憲華 譯：《中國版本目錄學書籍解題》（北京：書目文獻出版社，1990年）.







规范控制


  • AAT: 300026497

  • BNF: cb133183242 (data)

  • FAST: 831351

  • GND: 4006432-3

  • LCCN: sh85013838

  • NDL: 00572290



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