步行
步行,是指人或其他兩足動物使用比跑步慢的速度行。
在人類或其他兩足動物中,一般來說,步行是用腳步進行的,且在步行階段中,僅單腳離開地面。相反,在跑步的中開跑的時候,一般均是雙腳離地。
根據統計,平均十一個月大的幼兒便能走路[1],而平均老年人步行的速度是3.2 km/h ~ 3.9 km/h,年輕人則為3.75 km/h ~ 5.43 km/h[2][3]。而在行人路、小徑或路上行走的人則稱為行人。
健康
如可以持久的每周五天、每天走路三十至六十分鐘,再加上正確的走路姿勢走路的話,身體會更健康[4][5],例如癌症和心臟病的機會可以低一點,而壽命也會有所增加,這就是走路可帶來的好處。步行還會令骨骼更加健康,特別是胯骨,另外還可降低低密度脂蛋白,並增加高密度脂蛋白[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]。
在一份报告中,研究人员发现,走路可以将心血管疾病的风险降低 31%,将死亡风险降低 32%。这些益处对男性和女性同样有效。[14]
古代人類
從在肯尼亞海岸的腳印來看,1.5萬年前的現代人的祖先與現代人的步行方式比較,兩者非常相似。[15][16]
參考資料
^ Samra HA, Specker B. Walking age does not explain term versus preterm difference in bone geometry. J Pediatr. July 2007, 151 (1): 61–6, 66.e1–2. PMC 2031218. PMID 17586192. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.033.
^ Study Compares Older and Younger Pedestrian Walking Speeds. TranSafety, Inc. 1997-10-01 [2009-08-24].
^ Aspelin, Karen. Establishing Pedestrian Walking Speeds (PDF). Portland State University. 2005-05-25 [2009-08-24].
^ Mayo Clinic - Proper walking technique
^ Community Development Department, City of Cambridge, Massachusetts - The Health Benefits of Walking 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2012-05-02.
^ Boone, Tommy. Benefits of Walking. HowStuffWorks. [September 2009].
^ Walking for fitness: How to trim your waistline, improve your health. Mayo Clinic. [September 2009].
^ Crawford, Deborah. Why Walking is the Most-recommended Exercise. BellaOnline. [September 2009].
^ Balish, Chris. How to live well without owning a car. Ten Speed Press. 2006: 134. ISBN 1580087574. (Google books)
^ Brown, Marie Annette; Robinson, Jo. When your body gets the blues: the clinically proven program for women who feel tired and stressed and eat too much. Rodale. 2002: 82. ISBN 157954486X. (Google books)
^ Yeager, Selene; Doherty, Bridget. The Prevention Get Thin Get Young Plan. Rodale. 2000. ISBN 1579542174. (Google Books)
^ Edlin, Gordon; Golanty, Eric. Health and wellness. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2007: 156. ISBN 0763741450. (Google Books)
^ Tolley, Rodney. Sustainable transport: planning for walking and cycling in urban environments. Woodhead Publishing. 2003: 72. ISBN 1855736144. (Google Books)
^ Tiorochen. 散步的好处-78健康网. [2018-12-14 08:15:31]. 请检查|access-date=
中的日期值 (帮助)
^ Dunham, Will. Footprints show human ancestor with modern stride. Reuters. February 26, 2009 [August 2009].
^ Harmon, Katherine. Researchers Uncover 1.5 Million-Year-Old Footprints. Scientific American. February 26, 2009 [August 2009].
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