Tall ship







Group of sailing ships at Hanse Sail 2010


A tall ship is a large, traditionally-rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or festival.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Sail Training International


    • 2.1 Class A


    • 2.2 Class B


    • 2.3 Class C


    • 2.4 Class D




  • 3 Earlier description of classes


  • 4 Lost tall ships


  • 5 Gallery


  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading


  • 9 External links





History




The tall ship Kruzenshtern


Traditional rigging may include square rigs and gaff rigs, usually with separate topmasts and topsails. It is generally more complex than modern rigging, which utilizes newer materials such as aluminum and steel to construct taller, lightweight masts with fewer, more versatile sails. Most smaller, modern vessels use the Bermuda rig. Though it did not become popular elsewhere until the twentieth century, this rig was developed in Bermuda in the seventeenth century, and had historically been used on its small ships, the Bermuda sloops.[citation needed]


Author and master mariner Joseph Conrad (who spent 1874 to 1894 at sea in tall ships and was quite particular about naval terminology) used the term "tall ship" in his works; for example, in The Mirror of the Sea in 1903. If Conrad used the term, it is fairly certain[clarification needed] "tall ship" was common parlance among his fellow mariners in the last quarter of the 19th century.[citation needed]


Henry David Thoreau also references the term "tall ship" in his first work, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, quoting "Down out at its mouth, the dark inky main blending with the blue above. Plum Island, its sand ridges scolloping along the horizon like the sea-serpent, and the distant outline broken by many a tall ship, leaning, still, against the sky." He does not cite this quotation, but the work was written in 1849.[1]


While Sail Training International (STI) has extended the definition of tall ship for the purpose of its races to embrace any sailing vessel with more than 30 ft (9.14 m) waterline length and on which at least half the people on board are aged 15 to 25, this definition can include many modern sailing yachts, so for the purposes of this article, tall ship will mainly refer to those vessels rated as class "A".[citation needed]



Sail Training International


In the 21st century, "tall ship" is often used generically for large, classic, sailing vessels, but is also a technically defined term by Sail Training International for its purposes and of course, STI helped popularize the term. The exact definitions have changed somewhat over time, and are subject to various technicalities, but by 2011 there were 4 classes (A, B, C, and D). Basically there are only two size classes, A is over 40 m LOA, and B/C/D are 9.14 m to under 40 m LOA. The definitions have to do with rigging: class A is for square sail rigged ships, class B is for "traditionally rigged" ships, class C is for "modern rigged" vessels with no "spinnaker-like sails", and class D is the same as class C but carrying a spinnaker-like sail.[2] The STI definitions can be found here and a ship database here.



Class A


All square-rigged vessels (barque, barquentine, brig, brigantine or ship rigged) and all other vessel more than 40 metres Length Overall (LOA), regardless of rig. STI classifies its A Class as "all square-rigged vessels and all other vessels over 40 metres (131 ft) length overall (LOA)", in this case STI LOA excludes bowsprit and aft spar. STI defines LOA as "Length overall measured from the fore side of stem post
to aft side of stern post, counter or transom".[3]








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Class A Tall Ships
Current
Name
Current Nationality Original
Delivery
Mast Rig Length excluding
bowsprit [m]
Beam [m]
Alexander von Humboldt II
 Germany
2011 3 Barque 60 10.8
Alpha
 Russia
1948 2 Barquentine 8.9
Amerigo Vespucci
 Italy
1931 3 Full-rigged ship 82.4 15.8
Belem
 France
1896 3 Barque 51 8.8
Bimasuci
 Indonesia
2017 3 Barque 111.20 13.65
Capitain Miranda
 Uruguay
1930 3
Staysail Schooner
50.3 7.9
Christian Radich
 Norway
1937 3 Full-rigged ship 62.5 9.7
Cisne Branco
 Brazil
1999 3 Full-rigged ship 60.5 10.7
Constitution
 United States
1797 3 Full-rigged ship 62 13.26
Creole
 United Kingdom
1927 3 Schooner 42.7 8.9
Creoula
 Portugal
1937 4 Schooner 62.2 9.9
Cuauhtemoc
 Mexico
1982 3 Barque 67.2 12.0
Danmark
 Denmark
1932 3 Full rigged ship 59.8 10.1
Dar Młodzieży
 Poland
1982 3 Full-rigged ship 94.8 14.0
Dewaruci
 Indonesia
1953 3 Barquentine 49.7 9.4
Druzhba
 Ukraine
1987 3 Full rigged ship 94.2 14
Eagle
 United States
1936 3 Barque 80.7 11.9
Eendracht
 Netherlands
1989 3
Gaff Schooner
55.3 12.2
Elissa
 United States
1877 3 Barque 45.4 8.5
Esmeralda
 Chile
1953 4 Barquentine 94.13 13.1
Eugene Eugenides
 Greece
1959 3
Topgallant Schooner
9.2
Europa
 Netherlands
1911 3 Barque 44.5 7.3
Gazela
 United States
1901 3 Barquentine 42.7 7.9
Georg Stage (II)
 Denmark
1935 3 Full-rigged ship 42 8.5
Gloria
 Colombia
1968 3 Barque 67 10.7
Golden Quest
 Tuvalu
1945 3 Barque 48 7.5
Gorch Fock (I)
 Germany
1933 3 Barque 73.7 11.9
Gorch Fock (II)
 Germany
1958 3 Barque 81.2 11.9
Greif
 Germany
1950 2 Brigantine 7.4
Großherzogin Elizabeth
 Germany
1908 3
Gaff Schooner
53 8.2
Guayas
 Ecuador
1977 3 Barque 56.10 10.4
Iskra (II)
 Poland
1982 3 Barquentine 40 7.9
Italia
 Italy
1993 2 Brigantine 53.7 9.16
Jadran
 Montenegro
1933 3
Topsail Schooner
8.9
James Craig
 Australia
1874 3 Barque 54.8 9.5
Jessica
 Australia
1983 3
Topsail Schooner
6.7
Juan Sebastián Elcano
 Spain
1927 4
Topsail Schooner
94.13 13.1
Juan Bautista Cambiaso

 Dominican Republic
2009 3 Barquentine 54.60 8.5
Kaiwo Maru II
 Japan
1989 4 Barque 89.0 13.8
Kaliakra
 Bulgaria
1984 3 Barquentine 43.2 7.9
Khersones
 Ukraine
1989 3 Full-rigged ship 94.8 14.0
Kruzenshtern
 Russia
1926 4 Barque 95 14.0
Leeuwin II
 Australia
1986 3 Barquentine 41.2 9.0
Libertad
 Argentina
1960 3 Full-rigged ship 91.7 13.7
La Grace
 Czech Republic
2010 2 Brig 32.8 6.06
Lord Nelson
 United Kingdom
1985 3 Barque 40.2 8.5
Mercator
 Belgium
1932 3 Barquentine 68 11.9
Meridian
 Lithuania
1948 3 Barquentine 8.9
Mir
 Russia
1987 3 Full rigged ship 94.8 14.0
Mircea
 Romania
1938 3 Barque 73.7 12.5
Morgenster
 Netherlands
1919 2 Brig 38.0 6.0
U.S. Brig Niagara
 United States
1988 2 Brig 37.5 9.8
Nippon Maru II
 Japan
1984 4 Barque 89.0 13.8
Oosterschelde
 Netherlands
1918 3
Topsail Schooner
40.12 7.5
Palinuro
 Italy
1934 3 Barquentine 58.7 10.1
Pallada
 Russia
1989 3 Full-rigged ship 94.2 14.0
Peacemaker
 United States
1989 3 Barquentine 38 10.4
Picton Castle
 Canada
1928 3 Barque 45.2 7.3
Pogoria
 Poland
1980 3 Barquentine 40.9 7.9
Rah Naward
 Pakistan
2001 2 Brig 40.6 9.9
Roald Amundsen
 Germany
1952 2 Brig 40.8 7.2
Royal Albatross
 Malaysia
2001 4 Barquentine 47.0 7.6
Sagres
 Portugal
1937 3 Barque 81.3 11.9
Santa Maria Manuela
 Portugal
1937 4 Schooner 62.4 9.9
Sedov
 Russia
1921 4 Barque 108.7 14.6
Shabab Oman
 Oman
1971 3 Barquentine 43.9 8.5
Simón Bolívar
 Venezuela
1979 3 Barque 70.0 10.4
Sørlandet
 Norway
1927 3 Full-rigged ship 56.7 9.6
Spirit of New Zealand
 New Zealand
1986 3 Barquentine 33.2 9.0
Stad Amsterdam
 Netherlands
2000 3 Full-rigged ship 62.4 10.5
Statsraad Lehmkuhl
 Norway
1914 3 Barque 84.6 12.6
Star of India
 United States
1863 3 Barque 62.5 10.7
Stavros S Niarchos
 United Kingdom
2000 2 Brig 40.6 9.9
Sudarshini
 India
2011 3 Barque 54.0 8.5
Surprise (ex Rose)
 United States
1970 3 Full-rigged ship 54.6 9.8
Tarangini
 India
1997 3 Barque 54.0 8.5
Thor Heyerdahl
 Germany
1930 3
Topsail Schooner
42.5 6.5
Unicorn
 United Kingdom
1948 2 Brig 7.3
Varuna
 India
1981 3 Barque 54.0 8.5
Young America
 United States
1975 2 Brigantine 7.2
Young Endeavour
 Australia
1986 2 Brigantine 35 7.8













































































Historical
Name Last Nationality Original
Delivery
Mast Rig End
Alexander von Humboldt
 Germany
1906 3 Barque Sold 2011/ relocated to Caribbean, 2013 returned to Germany; currently docked
Bounty
 United States
1960 3 Full-rigged ship Sunk 2012
Concordia
 Canada
1992 3 Barquentine Sunk 2010
Dunay
 Soviet Union
1928 3 Full rigged ship Burned 1963
Prince William
 United Kingdom
2001 2 Brig Sold (2010); now a sail training ship of the Pakistan Navy with the name Rah Naward
Sagres
 Portugal
1896 3 Barque Replaced by the third Sagres in 1961. Sold (1983); now permanently moored in Hamburg, Germany with the name Rickmer Rickmers
Sarmiento
 Argentina
1897 3 Full-rigged ship
Museum ship, moored in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Uruguay
 Argentina
1874 3 Barque
Museum ship, moored in Buenos Aires, Argentina


Class B


Traditionally rigged vessels (i.e. gaff rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres, one good example is Spirit of Bermuda.



Class C


Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres not carrying spinnaker-like sails.



















































Class C Tall Ships
Current
Name
Current Nationality Original
Delivery
Mast Rig Length excluding
bowsprit [m]
Beam [m]
Caroly
 Italy
1948 2 yawl 23.66 4.8
Capricia
 Italy
1963 2 yawl 22.56 5.03
Stella Polare
 Italy
1965 2 yawl 21.47 4.89
Corsaro II
 Italy
1961 2 yawl 20.9 4.7


Class D


Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres carrying spinnaker-like sails. There are also a variety of other rules and regulations for the crew, such as ages, and also for a rating rule. There are other sail festivals and races with their own standards, the STI is just one set of standards for their purposes.



Earlier description of classes


An older definition of class "A" by the STI was "all square-rigged vessels over 120' (36.6m) length overall (LOA). Fore and aft rigged vessels of 160' (48.8m) (LOA) and over". By LOA they meant length excluding bowsprit and aft spar.[4]


Class "B" was "all fore and aft rigged vessels between 100 and 160 feet in length, and all square rigged vessels under 120' (36.6m) (LOA)".


See also a list of class "A" ships with lengths including bowsprit.[5]



Lost tall ships


Tall ships are sometimes lost, such as by a storm at sea. Some examples of lost tall ships include:




  • Bounty, a full-rig ship lost off the North Carolina coast as Hurricane Sandy approached in 2012.


  • Concordia, a triple mast barquentine built in 1992 and operated by Canada as a school ship; lost at sea in 2010, in a squall.


  • Asgard II, an Irish national sail training ship, commissioned in 1982, was lost in 2008 off the French coast. The 2-masted brigantine is thought to have collided with a submerged object.


  • Fantome a former yacht built in 1927, then operated as a cruise ship. Was lost in Hurricane Mitch in 1998.[6]


  • Lennie, built in 1871, ran aground on Digby Neck in 1889.[7][8]


  • Marques, built in 1917; was lost in a 1984 Tall Ships Race.


  • Endeavour II, built in 1968; wrecked in a 1971 Gale off New Zealand


  • Astrid ran aground in 2013 off Ireland, and then broke up in 2014 after being salvaged


  • Zebu, sank at its dock in Liverpool in 2015[9] It was built in 1938, and had been sitting at the dock since 1988, after completing a circumnavigation of the world in the 1980s.[10]





Gallery






See also







  • American Sail Training Association

  • Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race

  • Jubilee Sailing Trust

  • List of large sailing vessels

  • List of tall ships

  • Operation Sail

  • Sail training

  • Tall Ships Challenge

  • Tall Ship Chronicles

  • Tall Ships Youth Trust

  • The Tall Ships' Races

  • Windjammer



References





  1. ^ 1817-1862, Thoreau, Henry David,. "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 9 May 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ STI Definitions Archived 2016-06-09 at the Wayback Machine.


  3. ^
    STI Measurement form. Archived 2013-01-31 at the Wayback Machine.



  4. ^ "National Institute for Sea Training (NIST)". kohkun.go.jp. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2018.


  5. ^ "National Institute for Sea Training (NIST)". kohkun.go.jp. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2018.


  6. ^ "The loss of the Windjammer Schooner, Fantome". www.fortogden.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2018.


  7. ^ "Lennie - 1889". Marine Heritage Database. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25.


  8. ^ Lennie (+1889) Wrecksite


  9. ^ Turner-LE, Ben (4 September 2015). "Live updates: efforts to recover sunken Tall Ship Zebu in Albert Dock". liverpoolecho.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2018.


  10. ^ Fraser, Isabelle (4 September 2015). "Historic tall ship sinks in Liverpool dock". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.




Further reading



  • American Sail Training Association; Sail Tall Ships! (American Sail Training Association; 16th edition, 2005
    ISBN 0-9636483-9-X)

  • Thad Koza; Tall Ships: A Fleet for the 21st Century (Tide-Mark Press; 3rd edition, 2002;
    ISBN 1-55949-739-4)



External links



  • American Sail Training Association

  • Another World Adventures


List of events where Tall Ships can be visited for free: *Tall Ships events









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