Oahu




The third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands and site of the state capital Honolulu





















































O‘ahu
Nickname: The Gathering Place

Oahu (1).jpg
Satellite photo of O‘ahu

Map of Hawaii highlighting Oahu.svg
Geography
Location
21°28′23″N 157°59′12″W / 21.4730°N 157.9868°W / 21.4730; -157.9868Coordinates: 21°28′23″N 157°59′12″W / 21.4730°N 157.9868°W / 21.4730; -157.9868
Area 596.7 sq mi (1,545 km2)
Highest elevation 4,003 ft (1,220.1 m)
Highest point Kaʻala
Administration
United States
Symbols
Flower ʻilima
Color Melemele (yellow)

Largest settlement Honolulu
Demographics
Population 976,372 (2012)
Pop. density 1,636 /sq mi (631.7 /km2)



Aerial view of O‘ahu with freeways and highways, 3D computer-generated image




File:Oahu, Hawai'i.ogvPlay media

Fly-around tour of the island


O‘ahu (pronounced [oˈʔɐhu], anglicized Oahu /oʊˈɑːhuː/), known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people -- about two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. The state capital, Honolulu, is on O‘ahu's southeast coast. Including small associated islands such as Ford Island and the islands in Kāneʻohe Bay and off the eastern (windward) coast, its area is 596.7 square miles (1,545.4 km2), making it the 20th-largest island in the United States.[1]


O‘ahu is 44 miles (71 km) long and 30 miles (48 km) across. Its shoreline is 227 miles (365 km) long. The island is composed of two separate shield volcanoes: the Wai‘anae and Koʻolau Ranges, with a broad "valley" or saddle (the central O‘ahu Plain) between them. The highest point is Kaʻala in the Wai‘anae Range, rising to 4,003 feet (1,220 m) above sea level.[2]




Contents






  • 1 Introduction


  • 2 History


    • 2.1 Law enforcement




  • 3 Tourist attractions


    • 3.1 Top beaches


    • 3.2 Attractions




  • 4 In media


    • 4.1 Films


    • 4.2 Games


    • 4.3 Literature


    • 4.4 Television




  • 5 Renewable energy


  • 6 Notable people


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links





Introduction


The island was home to 953,207 people in 2010 (approximately 72% of the population of the state, with approximately 81% of those living in or near the Honolulu urban area).[3] O‘ahu has for a long time been known as the "Gathering Place". The term O‘ahu has no confirmed meaning in Hawaiian, other than that of the place itself.[4] Ancient Hawaiian tradition attributes the name's origin in the legend of Hawai‘iloa, the Polynesian navigator credited with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates that he named the island after his son.


Residents of O‘ahu refer to themselves as "locals" (as done throughout Hawai‘i), no matter their ancestry.


The city of Honolulu—largest city, state capital, and main deepwater marine port for the State of Hawai‘i—is located here. As a jurisdictional unit, the entire island of O‘ahu is in the Honolulu County, although as a place name, Honolulu occupies only a portion of the southeast end of the island.


Well-known features found on O‘ahu include Waikīkī, Pearl Harbor, Diamond Head, Hanauma Bay, Kāne‘ohe Bay, Kailua Bay, North Shore.


While the entire island is officially the City and County of Honolulu, locals identify settlements using town names (generally those of the Census Designated Places, and consider the island to be divided into various areas, which may overlap. The most commonly accepted areas are the "City", "Town" or "Town side", which is the urbanized area from Halawa to the area below Diamond Head (residents of the island north of the Ko‘olau Mountains consider the Town Side to be the entire southern half), "West O‘ahu," which goes from Pearl Harbor to Kapolei, ‘Ewa and may include the Mākaha and Wai‘anae areas; the "North Shore" (northwestern coast); the "Windward Side" (northeastern coast from Kahuku to Kāneʻohe); the "East Side" or "East Coast" (the eastern portion of the island, from Kāne‘ohe on the northeast, around the tip of the island to include much of the area east of Diamond Head); and "The Valley" or "Central O‘ahu" which runs northwest from Pearl Harbor toward Hale‘iwa. These terms are somewhat flexible, depending on the area in which the user lives, and are used in a mostly general way, but residents of each area identify strongly with their part of the island, especially those outside of widely-known towns. For instance, if locals are asked where they live, they would usually reply "Windward O‘ahu" rather than "Lā‘ie".


Being roughly diamond-shaped, surrounded by ocean and divided by mountain ranges, directions on Oʻahu are not generally described with the compass directions found throughout the world. Locals instead use directions originally using Honolulu as the central point. To go ‘ewa means traveling toward the western tip of the island, "Diamond Head" is toward the eastern tip, mauka is inland (toward the central Koolau Mountain range, north of Honolulu) and makai toward the sea. When these directions became common, Diamond Head was the eastern edge of the primary populated area. Today, with a much larger populace and extensive development, the mountain itself is often not actually to the east when directions are given, and is not to be used as a literal point of reference—to go "Diamond Head" is to go to the east from anywhere on the island.


O‘ahu is also known for having the longest rain shower in history, which lasted for 200 consecutive days. Kāne‘ohe Ranch, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i reported 247 straight days with rain from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The island has many nicknames one of them being "rainbow state." This is because rainbows are a common sight in Hawai‘i due to the frequent rain showers. The average temperature in O‘ahu is around 70–85 °F (21–29 °C) and the island is the warmest in June through October. The weather during the winter is cooler, but still warm with an average temperature of 68–78 °F (20–26 °C).


The windward side is known for some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. Lanikai Beach on the windward coast of O‘ahu has been consistently ranked among the best beaches in the world.[5]



History





Pearl Harbor is the home of the largest U.S. Navy fleet in the Pacific. The harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941, by the Japanese, bringing the United States into World War II.





USS Arizona Memorial (right); USS Missouri (left) in Pearl Harbor


The island has been inhabited since at least 3rd century A.D.[6] The 304-year-old Kingdom of O‘ahu was once ruled by the most ancient aliʻi in all of the Hawaiian Islands. The first great king of O‘ahu was Maʻilikākahi, the lawmaker, who was followed by many generation of monarchs. Kualiʻi was the first of the warlike kings and so were his sons. In 1773, the throne fell upon Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa. In 1783, Kahekili II, King of Maui, conquered O‘ahu and deposed the reigning family and then made his son, Kalanikūpule, king of Oʻahu. Kamehameha the Great would conquer in the mountain Kalanikūpule's force in the Battle of Nuʻuanu. Kamehameha founded the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi with the conquest of Oʻahu in 1795. Hawaiʻi would not be unified until the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau surrendered under King Kaumualiʻi in 1810. Kamehameha III moved his capital from Lāhainā, Maui to Honolulu, Oʻahu in 1845. ʻIolani Palace, built later by other members of the royal family, is still standing, and is the only royal palace on American soil.


Oʻahu was apparently the first of the Hawaiian Islands sighted by the crew of HMS Resolution on January 19, 1778, during Captain James Cook's third Pacific expedition. Escorted by HMS Discovery, the expedition was surprised to find high islands this far north in the central Pacific. Oʻahu was not actually visited by Europeans until February 28, 1779, when Captain Charles Clerke aboard HMS Resolution stepped ashore at Waimea Bay. Clerke had taken command of the ship after James Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay (island of Hawaiʻi) on February 14, and was leaving the islands for the North Pacific. With the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands came the introduction of disease, mosquitoes, and aggressive foreign animals. Although indirect, the simple exposure to these foreign species caused permanent damage to the Native Hawaiian people and environment.


The Imperial Japanese Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor, Oʻahu on the morning of December 7, 1941 brought the United States into World War II. The surprise attack was aimed at the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine Air Forces. The attack damaged or destroyed twelve American warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and resulted in the deaths of 2,335 American servicemen and 68 civilians (of those, 1,177 were the result of the destruction of the USS Arizona alone). At the time, Hawaiʻi was not yet a state.


Today, Oʻahu has become a tourism and shopping haven. Over five million visitors (mainly from the contiguous United States and Japan) flock there every year to enjoy the quintessential island holiday experience.



Law enforcement


Oʻahu boasts of having had the Olympic Gold Medal winner Duke Kahanamoku serve as Sheriff, perhaps the only such athlete to serve as a law enforcement professional. He held that office for 13 consecutive terms, from 1932 until 1961.


Visitors should be aware that some of the police vehicles on Oʻahu (and on the "Big Island" of Hawaiʻi) are unmarked except for the blue lights mounted on their roofs.[7] Any officer making a stop for non-emergency traffic infractions is required to be in uniform. With most of these unmarked units being personally owned vehicles, they may be of any make, model or color. Under most circumstances, regulations require these roof lights to have a "cruise" mode, in which a steady, dim illumination can be seen.



Tourist attractions





Downtown Honolulu





Waikīkī Beach is one of the most known beaches in the world.





Valley of the Temples Memorial Park near the island's eastern shore




Jellyfish swim in a tank at Waikīkī Aquarium.





Mokoliʻi island, also known as Chinaman's Hat, offshore of Kualoa Valley



Top beaches



  • Ala Moana Beach

  • Hanauma Bay

  • Kāneʻohe Bay

  • Ko Olina Beach Park

  • Kailua

  • Lanikai Beach

  • Papailoa Beach

  • Sandy Beach

  • Sunset Beach

  • Waikīkī Beach

  • Waimānalo Beach

  • Waimea Bay



Attractions



  • Ala Moana

  • Aloha Tower

  • Aulani, a Disney Resort & Spa

  • Banzai Pipeline

  • Bishop Museum

  • Diamond Head

  • Dole Plantation

  • Foster Botanical Garden

  • Kaʻena Point

  • Honolulu

  • Honolulu Museum of Art

  • Hoʻomaluhia Botanical Garden

  • ʻIolani Palace

  • Kualoa Ranch

  • Lāʻie Hawaii Temple

  • Nuʻuanu Pali Lookout

  • Mauna ʻAla

  • Makapuu Lighthouse


  • National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific or "Punchbowl"

  • North Shore

  • Pali Lookout

  • Pearl Harbor

  • Polynesian Cultural Center

  • Triple Crown of Surfing

  • USS Arizona Memorial

  • USS Missouri

  • Valley of the Temples Memorial Park

  • Waikīkī

  • Waikīkī Aquarium

  • Waimea Valley Audubon Center

  • Waimea Valley




Helicopter view of Oʻahu



Hanauma Bay



Hanauma Bay



In media


Due to its beauty, easy access from Hollywood, and incentives offered by the state and local governments, Oʻahu has been featured in many movies and television shows. A sampling of notable films and shows that have shot scenes on Oʻahu includes, but is not limited to:



Films



  • 50 First Dates

  • Aloha


  • Battleship (2012) is set and filmed on location on Oʻahu and the other Hawaiian islands

  • Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding

  • Blue Crush

  • Forgetting Sarah Marshall


  • From Here to Eternity (1953)


  • Godzilla (2014)

  • The Disney Channel movie Johnny Tsunami as well as its sequel, Johnny Kapahala, use Oʻahu as the hometown of the family

  • Jaws

  • Jurassic Park movies

  • Kong: Skull Island

  • Mighty Joe Young

  • Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates


  • North Shore (1987)

  • Pearl Harbor

  • Some scenes from Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides were filmed on Oʻahu

  • Soul Surfer

  • The Descendants


  • The Even Stevens Movie, also by Disney, was filmed in various locations on Oʻahu

  • The Karate Kid Part II

  • Tora! Tora! Tora!

  • Windtalkers


  • The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Many scenes from the arena were filmed on Oʻahu



Games



  • In the video games Test Drive Unlimited and Test Drive Unlimited 2 players can drive around O'ahu island's 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of road.[8]

  • Some aircraft can be flown over Oʻahu as it appeared during the later years of World War II in the online multiplayer combat flight simulator War Thunder. Most American aircraft can be flown from the Pearl Harbor airstrip in the game's Test Flight mode.


  • Microsoft Flight, released in 2012 as the successor to the Microsoft Flight Simulator series, was set on island of Hawaiʻi. The game had a piece of downloadable content (DLC) called Hawaiian Adventure Pack. Once purchased, it brought detail to all of the Hawaiian islands to the game, including Oʻahu. The DLC also brought new airports to land and take off from and new missions to complete, among other things.

  • In Pokémon Sun and Moon, Melemele Island is based on Oʻahu.



Literature



  • The novel From Here to Eternity (1951) and the film and television series based on it all end with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.


  • Michael Crichton's posthumous techno-thriller novel, Micro, is set in the island of Oʻahu.

  • Boyd Morrison's book The Tsunami Countdown is set on Oʻahu.


  • Alan Brennert's book Honolulu tells the fictional tale of Korean girls who came to Oʻahu in the early part of the 20th century and includes accurate Hawaiian history.



Television



  • PBS Nature's Condition Black

  • Dante's Cove

  • The reality TV show Dog the Bounty Hunter is filmed in the regions of Honolulu, Oʻahu (as well as other regions), and the city of Kailua on the island of Hawaiʻi

  • The children's series Flight 29 Down was filmed on the island

  • The 1979 TV miniseries From Here to Eternity and the 1980 TV series remake, From Here to Eternity, were filmed on location

  • Both the original Hawaii Five-O television series and its more recent version, Hawaii Five-0, are set and filmed on location on the island


  • Hawaiian Eye, while set in Hawaiʻi, was filmed in Los Angeles

  • Jake and the Fatman


  • Lost was filmed almost entirely on Oʻahu, with many locations on the island (predominantly Honolulu) serving as a stand-in for other locations (including United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and South Korea). Many of the show's stars still call the island home. The island's thick rainforests and picturesque beaches are prominently featured.

  • Magnum, P.I.


  • MythBusters shot their 2012 Season's "Duct Tape Island" episode on this island[9]

  • North Shore


  • The River was filmed on Oʻahu


  • Last Resort began and finished filming in 2012 on Oʻahu

  • The Korean reality TV series Father and Me was filmed on Oʻahu in 2016[10]


  • The Reimanns, a popular German reality TV series, has been filmed on the North Shore at the family's estate in Pūpūkea since December 2015.[11]



Renewable energy


Beginning with a contract with the US Navy in 2001, Ocean Power Technologies began ocean-testing Azura, its wave power generation system at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH) at Kāneʻohe Bay. The Oʻahu system was launched under the company's program with the US Navy for ocean testing and demonstration of such systems, including connection to the Oahu grid.[12] The prototype can produce 20 kW, a system with 500 kW to 1 MW is planned to be installed at end of 2017.[13]


Oʻahu has 343 MW of rooftop solar power,[14] and potential for 92 MW of wind power.[15][16]



Notable people





  • Keiko Agena, actress


  • Gabe Baltazar, clarinet and saxophone player


  • Darren Brooks, actor, writer, producer


  • Max Holloway, MMA Fighter, UFC Featherweight Champion


  • Angelique Cabral, actress


  • Tia Carrere, actress


  • Brian Ching, Major League Soccer


  • Dennis Chun, actor (Hawaii Five-0), son of Kam Fong


  • Bryan Clay, Olympic decathlete 2008


  • Scott Crary, film director and producer


  • Aulii Cravalho, actress, singer


  • Mark Dacascos, actor


  • Caitlin Doughty, mortician, author and YouTube personality


  • Diana Ewing, actress


  • Sid Fernandez, baseball


  • Maile Flanagan, actress


  • Kam Fong, actor


  • Lauren Graham, actress


  • Erin Gray, actress


  • Brian Grazer, Oscar-winning film and television producer


  • Jeremiah Green, drummer


  • Teilor Grubbs, actress


  • Dave Hlubek, lead guitarist and founder of Southern Rock band Molly Hatchet


  • Coco Ho, pro surfer


  • Don Ho, singer


  • Kelly Ann Hu, Miss Teen USA, actress


  • Carrie Ann Inaba, dancer, actress, musician


  • Daniel Inouye, US Senator, Medal of Honor


  • Jack Johnson, musician, folk rock singer-songwriter


  • Duke Kahanamoku, pro swimmer and surfer


  • Samuel Kamakau, historian


  • Israel Kamakawiwoole, musician


  • Nicole Kidman, actress


  • Maxim Knight, actor


  • Olin Kreutz, football Chicago Bears


  • Clyde Kusatsu, actor


  • Teri Ann Linn, actress


  • Jack Lord, actor


  • Marcus Mariota, NFL football player, Tennessee Titans


  • Markiplier (Mark Edward Fischbach), Internet personality, video game commentator


  • Bruno Mars, singer-songwriter, record producer, musician


  • Julie McCullough, actress


  • John McVie, member of Fleetwood Mac


  • Bette Midler, singer, actress, comedian


  • Jason Momoa, actor


  • Carissa Moore, pro surfer


  • Tahj Mowry, actor


  • Don Muraco, professional wrestler


  • Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States


  • Timothy Olyphant, actor


  • Ellison Onizuka, NASA astronaut, STS-51-C, STS-51-L, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster


  • Janel Parrish, actress, singer


  • Kelly Preston, actress


  • Maggie Q, actress


  • Anthony Ruivivar, actor


  • Nicole Scherzinger, musician


  • Amanda Schull, actress


  • Jesse Sapolu, retired football player, San Francisco 49ers


  • Garret T. Sato, actor


  • Jake Shimabukuro, ʻukulele player


  • Karen Steele, actress


  • Don Stroud, actor


  • Heidi Swedberg, actress


  • Ronald Takaki, academic, historian, ethnographer and author


  • Akebono Tarō, sumo wrestler


  • Kristi Tauti, professional figure competitor and fitness model


  • Manti Te'o, NFL football player, Los Angeles Chargers


  • Paul Theroux, author


  • Michelle Wie, golf LPGA


  • Taylor Wily, actor


  • Meg Wyllie, actress


  • Keone Young, actor




See also


  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Oʻahu


References


Notes





  1. ^ "Table 5.08 – Land Area of Islands: 2000" (PDF). State of Hawaii. 2004. Retrieved July 23, 2007..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Table 5.11 – Elevations of Major Summits" (PDF). State of Hawaii. 2004. Retrieved July 23, 2007.


  3. ^ Boeing, G. (2016). "Honolulu Rail Transit: International Lessons in Linking Form, Design, and Transportation". Planext. 2: 28–47. Retrieved 2016-04-29.


  4. ^ Pukui, et al., 1976


  5. ^ Conners, Valerie. "Top 10 Beaches of Hawaii". Travel Channel. Travel Channel. Retrieved 12 December 2016.


  6. ^ Van, James (2010). Ancient Sites of Oahu: A Guide to Archaeological Places of Interest. Bishop Museum Pr. Page 5.
    ISBN 978-1581780956.


  7. ^ http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2002/Jun/16/ln/ln08a.html


  8. ^ "Test Drive Unlimited 2 trailer shows pretty sights of Ibiza, Oahu". Neoseeker.


  9. ^ "MythBusters: Duct Tape Island Aftershow : Video : Discovery Channel". Dsc.discovery.com. 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2013-08-06.


  10. ^ Father and Me Hawaii Tourism Authority 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2017.


  11. ^ The Reimanns TV episode guide. Retrieved 14 June 2017.


  12. ^ "Ocean Power Technologies: Capturing Wave Energy for the U.S. Navy and the Grid" (PDF). Acore.org. American Council on Renewable Energy. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 8, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.


  13. ^ "Azura connects in Hawaii". reNEWS - Renewable Energy News.


  14. ^ "Solar Energy". Hawaiian Electric. Retrieved 9 January 2017.


  15. ^ "High Resolution Wind Resource Maps". Hawaiian Electric. Retrieved 9 January 2017.


  16. ^ Wind resource



Sources




  • Doyle, David W., Rescue in Paradise: Oahu's Beaches and their Guardians (Island Heritage, 2001)

  • Macdonald, Gordon A., Agatin T. Abbott, and Frank L. Peterson. 1983. Volcanoes in the Sea. University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu. 517 pp.

  • Pukui, M. K., S. H. Elbert, and E. T. Mookini. 1976. Place names of Hawaiʻi. University of Hawaiʻi Press. 289 pp.



External links




  • Media related to Oahu at Wikimedia Commons


  • Oahu travel guide from Wikivoyage













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