Golden Quadrilateral






















































Golden Quadrilateral
स्वर्णिम चतुर्भुज

Highway map of India with the Golden Quadrilateral highlighted in solid blue colour

Route information
Maintained by NHAI
Length 5,846 km (3,633 mi)

Delhi – Kolkata
Length 1,453 km (903 mi)
Major
junctions		 NH 19

Delhi – Mumbai
Length 1,419 km (882 mi)
Major
junctions		 NH 48

Mumbai – Chennai
Length 1,290 km (800 mi)
Major
junctions		 NH 48

Chennai – Kolkata
Length 1,684 km (1,046 mi)
Major
junctions		 NH 16
Highway system

  • Indian road network


  • National

  • Expressways

  • State







Vijayawada-Guntur Expressway section of NH-16




A section of the Golden Quadrilateral highway from Chennai – Mumbai phase




NH46: Bengaluru-Chennai section of India's 4-lane Golden Quadrilateral highway




NH 16 another section of Golden Quadrilateral highway on the Kolkata - Chennai section




Kolkata-Delhi section of India's GQ highway




NH4: Chennai-Bengaluru section of IndiaNadu Q highway near Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu


The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) is a national highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a quadrilateral connecting the four major metro cities of India, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south). Other cities connected by this network include Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Jaipur, Kanpur, Pune, Surat, Vijayawada, Ajmer, Vizag, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Agra, Mathura, Dhanbad, Gandhinagar, Udaipur, and Vadodara.


At 5,846 kilometres (3,633 mi), it is the largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world.[1] It is the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), and consists of four- and six-lane express highways, built at a cost of ₹600 billion (US$8.3 billion).[2] The project was planned by 1999, launched in 2001, and was completed in 2012.[3]


The Golden Quadrilateral project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The vast majority of the system is not access controlled, although safety features such as guardrails, shoulders, and high-visibility signs are in use. The Mumbai–Pune Expressway, the first controlled-access toll road to be built in India, is a part of the GQ Project but not funded by NHAI, and separate from the main highway. Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS) has been one of the major contributors to the infrastructural development activity in the GQ project.[not verified in body]




Contents






  • 1 History and costs


  • 2 Route


  • 3 Connected cities


  • 4 Length in each state


  • 5 Corruption allegations


  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links





History and costs


The Golden Quadrilateral Project (GQ Project) was intended to establish faster transport networks between major cities and ports, provide smaller towns better access to markets, reduce agricultural spoilage in transport, drive economic growth, and promote truck transport.[citation needed]


Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee laid the foundation stone for the project on 6 January 1999.[4] It was planned to be completed by 2006, but there were delays due to land acquisition constraints and disputes with contractors which had to be renegotiated.[5][6] In February 2006, a 600-metre (2,000 ft) stretch of the highway connecting Kolkata to Chennai sank into the ground, opening up 10-metre (33 ft) gorges near Bally, West Bengal.[7] This stretch had been completed a year back by a Malaysian multinational firm, selected after global tendering.[citation needed][relevant? – discuss]


India's government had initially estimated that the Golden Quadrilateral project would cost ₹600 billion (US$8.3 billion) at 1999 prices. However, the highway was built under-budget. As of August 2011, the cost incurred by the Indian government was about half of the initial estimate, at ₹308.58 billion (US$4.3 billion). The eight contracts in progress, as of August 2011, were worth ₹16.34 billion (US$230 million).[8][needs update]


In January 2012, India announced the four-lane GQ highway network as complete.[9][10] In September 2009, it was announced that the existing four-laned highways would be converted into six-lane highways.[11] Sections of NH 2, NH 5 and NH 8 were prioritized for widening to six lanes under DBFO (Design, Build, Finance, Operate) pattern and more sections would be six-laned in the future. On NH 8 six-lane work was completed from Vadodara to Surat.[when?][citation needed]













































No. Segment Length Completed Source
1. Delhi–Kolkata 1,453 km (903 mi) 31 August 2011
[7]
2. Chennai–Mumbai 1,290 km (800 mi) 31 August 2011
[8]
3. Kolkata–Chennai 1,684 km (1,046 mi) 31 May 2013
[9]
4. Mumbai–Delhi 1,419 km (882 mi) 31 August 2011
[10]
Total 5,846 km (3,633 mi) 31 May 2013
[11]

[12][13]



Route


Only National Highways are used in the Golden Quadrilateral. The four legs use the following National Highways (new numbering system):



  • Delhi–Kolkata: NH 19

  • Delhi–Mumbai–Chennai: NH 48

  • Kolkata–Chennai: NH 16





Connected cities















Delhi–Kolkata
 Kolkata–Chennai
 Chennai–Mumbai
 Mumbai–Delhi


  • Delhi

  • Faridabad

  • Mathura

  • Agra

  • Firozabad

  • Etawah

  • Kanpur

  • Fatehpur district

  • Allahabad

  • Varanasi

  • Chandauli

  • Mohania

  • Kudra

  • Sasaram

  • Dehri

  • Aurangabad

  • Sherghati

  • Dobhi

  • Chouparan

  • Barhi

  • Ishri

  • Bagodar

  • Dhanbad

  • Asansol

  • Durgapur

  • Bardhaman

  • Kolkata

  • Kolkata

  • Kharagpur

  • Balasore

  • Cuttack

  • Bhubaneswar

  • Visakhapatnam

  • Rajahmundry

  • Eluru

  • Vijayawada

  • Guntur

  • Nellore

  • Chennai

  • Chennai

  • Sriperumbudur

  • Kanchipuram

  • Walajapet

  • Ranipet

  • Vellore

  • Pallikonda

  • Ambur

  • Vaniyambadi

  • Krishnagiri

  • Hosur

  • Bengaluru

  • Tumakuru

  • Sira

  • Chitradurga

  • Davangere

  • Ranebennur

  • Hubballi-Dharwad

  • Belagavi

  • Kolhapur


  • Sangli-Miraj

  • Karad

  • Satara

  • Pune

  • Panvel

  • Mumbai

  • Mumbai

  • Silvassa

  • Vapi

  • Valsad

  • Navsari

  • Surat

  • Bharuch

  • Ankleshwar

  • Vadodara

  • Anand

  • Nadiad

  • Ahmedabad

  • Gandhinagar

  • Udaipur

  • Chittaurgarh

  • Ajmer

  • Jaipur

  • Gurgaon

  • Delhi


Length in each state


The completed Golden Quadrilateral passes through 13 states:




  • Andhra Pradesh – 1,014 km (630 mi)


  • Uttar Pradesh – 756 km (470 mi)


  • Rajasthan – 725 km (450 mi)


  • Karnataka – 623 km (387 mi)


  • Maharashtra – 487 km (303 mi)


  • Gujarat – 485 km (301 mi)


  • Odisha – 440 km (270 mi)


  • West Bengal – 406 km (252 mi)


  • Tamil Nadu – 342 km (213 mi)


  • Bihar – 204 km (127 mi)


  • Jharkhand – 192 km (119 mi)


  • Haryana – 152 km (94 mi)


  • Delhi – 25 km (16 mi)

  • Total – 5,846 km (3,633 mi)



Corruption allegations


Main article: Satyendra Dubey

In August 2003, Jharkhand-based project director Satyendra Dubey, in a letter to the prime minister, outlined a list of bad faith (mala fide) actions in a segment of a highway in Bihar. Dubey's claims included that big contractors had inside information from NHAI officials,[14] that the contractors for this stretch were not executing the project themselves (as stipulated in the contract) but had subcontracting the work to small builders who lacked technical expertise,[14] and that no follow-up was performed after awarding advances.[14] Dubey's name was leaked by the prime minister's office to the NHAI,[14] and he was transferred against his wishes to Gaya, Bihar, where he was murdered on 27 November.[14]


The NHAI eventually admitted that Dubey's allegations were substantiated, and implemented "radical reforms" in the selection and contract procedures.[15] After considerable Central Bureau of Investigation scrutiny, Mantu Kumar and three accomplices were arrested and charged with murder. Mantu escaped from court on 19 September 2005,[16] but was recaptured a month later. In 2010, Mantu and two others were convicted of murder and other offenses and sentenced to life in prison.[17]



See also



  • Diamond Quadrilateral

  • List of National Highways in India by highway number

  • List of National Highways in India

  • National Highways Development Project

  • North-South and East-West Corridor

  • Transport in India

  • Bharatmala



References





  1. ^ [1]


  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 2013-07-23.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em} Road network-Source-The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)


  3. ^ Golden Quadrilateral Highway Network. Road Traffic Technology (2011-06-15). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.


  4. ^ "Building India's National Pride: The Golden Quadrilateral".


  5. ^ "Golden Quadrilateral still has miles to go". Financial Express.


  6. ^ R. N. Bhaskar. "Crossing the chasm". Forbes India.


  7. ^ [2] GQ: Howrah highway stretch caves in-Source-Indian Express]


  8. ^ "Contractors take the sheen off Golden Quadrilateral". The Financial Express. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012.


  9. ^ "Govt declares Golden Quadrilateral complete". The Indian Express. 7 January 2012.


  10. ^ "National Highways Development Project Map". National Highways Institute of India.


  11. ^ Megha Bahree (21 September 2009). "Ambassador: Indian Economy Will Grow". Forbes.


  12. ^ Govt. of India declares "Golden Quadrilateral" complete - Jan 7th 2012


  13. ^ NHAI - Current status


  14. ^ abcde [3] Bihar govt wakes up to IITian's murder-Source-Rediff News


  15. ^ [4] NHAI report to CBI proves Dubey right, contract rules being rewritten-Source-Indian Express


  16. ^ [5] Whistleblower in the 2004 National Highway Authority of India case escaped from police custody on Tuesday in Patna-Source-Rediff News


  17. ^ [6] Satyendranath Dubey killers get life imprisonment-Source-Oneindia. com




  • Fast Lane to the Future, Don Belt. National Geographic, October, 2008.


External links




  • 'Mile by Mile, India Paves a Smoother Future' – extremely detailed New York Times article, dated 4 December 2005 (free registration required)


  • "Golden Quadrilateral still has miles to go" – Financial Express article dated 26 August 2005

  • Official website of the National Highways Authority of India

  • Map of GQ progress on the NHAI website

  • Ministry of Road Transport









Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th
Read more

章鱼与海女图

Image
本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして
Read more

New York City Police Department

Image
"NYPD" and "New York City Cops" redirect here. For other uses, see NYPD (disambiguation). Not to be confused with New York City Sheriff's Office or New York State Police. City of New York Police Department NYPD patch NYPD patrol officer's shield Flag of the New York City Police Department Common name New York City Police Department Abbreviation NYPD Motto Fidelis ad mortem (English: "Faithful Unto Death" ) Agency overview Formed May 23, 1845 ; 173 years ago  ( 1845-05-23 ) Employees 55,304 Annual budget US$5.6 billion (2018) Jurisdictional structure Operations jurisdiction New York City, U.S. Map of City of New York Police Department's jurisdiction. Size 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km 2 ) Population 8,537,673 [1] Legal jurisdiction New York City General nature Local civilian police Local civilian agency Headquarters 1 Police Plaza Park Row Lower Manhattan (across th
Read more